External costs and environmental taxation: the role of transport sectors within the Italian economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Andrea Molocchi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Italian Economy

International Market Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Ling Hsu
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Pigouvian Tax ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Permit Trading ◽  
Pigouvian Taxes ◽  
The Social

This chapter describes the role of international market mechanisms in reducing pollution and the costs of doing so. It looks into two mechanisms established by economists John H. Dales and Arthur Cecil Pigou. Dales propounded the mechanism of ‘pollution permit-trading’ which, instead of regulating pollution on a source-by-source or emitter class-by-emitter class basis, a regulatory agency from the beginning would limit the overall amount of pollution allowed. Firms could then trade amongst themselves, effectively using the market to determine which of them should be able to pollute, how much, and when. The other market mechanism is the Pigouvian tax, which is the tax levied per unit of pollution emitted. By pricing these external costs and forcing polluters to consider them in their private calculus, Pigouvian taxes force polluters to balance the social costs and their private economic benefits of polluting.

scholarly journals Performance related pay, productivity and wages in Italy: a quantile regression approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Damiani ◽  
Fabrizio Pompei ◽  
Andrea Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Union Governance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of performance-related pay (PRP) on productivity and wages of Italian firms. Design/methodology/approach – A unique data set for the Italian economy, obtained from the ISFOL Employer and Employee Surveys (2005, 2007, 2010), is used to estimate the relationship between PRP, labour productivity and wages, also controlling for an ample set of covariates. The authors performed standard quantile regressions (QRs) to investigate heterogeneity in associations of PRP with labour productivity and wages. In a second stage, the endogeneity of PRP was taken into account by using instrumental variable QR techniques. Findings – The econometric estimates suggests that PRP are incentive schemes that substantially lead to efficiency enhancements and wage gains. These findings are confirmed for firms under union governance and suggest that well-designed policies, that circumvent the limited implementation of PRP practices, would guarantee productivity improvement and wage premiums for employees. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the findings concerns PRP data, that do not offer statistical information on different types of schemes, at group or individual level. Originality/value – This paper is the first to investigate, on a national scale for the Italian economy, the role of PRP on both productivity and wages, in order to shed light on the efficiency and distributive implications, whereas most of the studies of related literature are restricted to one of those aspects.

The Italian Economy Seen from Abroad

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello De Cecco
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
European Industry

Since it became a united country, Italy has been looked at with keen eyes by foreign economists, economic historians, and policy makers. They wanted to see whether it would be possible for the economy of a country, that had in the seventeenth and eighteenth century regressed to the role of agricultural raw material exporter after having been the premier site of European industry, trade and especially, finance, in the middle ages and the Renaissance, to redress itself and join the industrial revolution, making good use of its population and territory, which gave it the potential to be among the great powers of Europe. In this paper, several instances of this scrutiny are considered, focusing on foreign observers who concerned themselves with the Italian economy at different stages of its development. An attempt is made to see what influence their opinions had on Italian economic debate and Italian policy making.

Italy’s Readiness for the 1998 Euro in View of the Country’s Declining Competitiveness

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Bruno Mascitelli ◽  
Julie Gerstman
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
European Monetary System ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Maastricht Criteria ◽  
Silvio Berlusconi

In the 2006 Italian election campaign, then Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi popularised a widely held view about the negative role of the euro for the Italian economy. This view had initially originated with the secessionist Northern Leagues. More recently, it had come to reflect the view of more moderate political players too. In the campaign Berlusconi ridiculed his contender, and the ultimate victor of the elections, Romano Prodi, for having accepted the ‘unfair Lira pegging’ to the euro in 1998. These claims reflect an ongoing debate about whether the adoption of the euro caused or even significantly contributed to Italy’s loss of economic competitiveness. We will trace the Italian trajectory and its economic preparedness for proposed entry into the EMU. We will weigh whether the terms and conditions of entry predisposed Italy to an inferior economic performance from the outset. We will assess the relative merits of the two interpretations of the role of the euro for Italy since its endorsement of the Maastricht Criteria, agreed to in December 1991. We will also look at the role played by the economic adjustments involved, followed soon after by Italy’s financial crisis in 1992. These latter events ultimately forced Italy to temporarily leave the European Monetary System (EMS). The country re-entered the EMS in 1998. We conclude that Italy’s weaknesses became more obvious with the adherence to conditions required for euro entry, but that its deep-seated political and economic problems were entrenched.

scholarly journals The role of the Cassa Per Il Mezzogiorno in the Italian economy during the second half of the 1900s. New digital accounting sources and research prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Stefano Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Central State ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Account Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The history of the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno and its role to counter the regional inequality in Italy during the second hal of 1900s has been the subject of numerous studies and in-depth studies. From a purely quantitative point of view, the overall analysis of the financial statements highlighted how the Cassa managed to allocate between 1950 and 1986 over € 104,180 million (at constant 2011 prices). The results of this important financial mass were variable and different were the tools and models of interpretation adopted by historiography. Particularly important is the question of territorial analysis of interventions and their regional and provincial distribution. The aim of the essay is to present a model of study of the role and strategies of the case of the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno between 1950 and 1992 on a territorial level based on the use of a new series of quantitative character developed through the reorganization of the Cassa electronic accounting sources recently deposited at the Central State Archive of Italy. The research thus makes it possible to deepen some aspects of the Cassa activity, its account management and to make a comparison with the main evidences demonstrated by the historiography on the intervention strategies adopted by it.

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