scholarly journals Genetic diversity and chromosome complement of Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) with comments about its role as parasite hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726
Author(s):  
Julia Bontempo ◽  
Cecília Bueno ◽  
Paulo Sérgio D'Andrea ◽  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

The distribution of Galictis cuja encompasses several countries of South America, including Brazil, where it inhabits the Atlantic Forest, part of Caatinga and part of Cerrado biomes. Herein we analyzed G. cuja specimens from localities in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Bahia, and the Distrito Federal, mainly roadkilled animals. The genetic diversity was estimated based on DNA sequence data of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (mt-cyb). Analysis of mt-cyb identified high haplotypic diversity, albeit with low nucleotide diversity, suggesting that this population is in expansion and confirming the presence of gene flow. The karyotypes of two Galictis cuja specimens were described as 2n = 38 and FNa = 66. Our data showed that G. cuja is frequent in the investigated areas of Atlantic Forest biome, being a common roadkill mammal. Our data suggest that G. cuja may play a role as a spreader of zoonotic parasites.

scholarly journals Detecting a Local Signature of Genetic Hitchhiking Along a Recombining Chromosome

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuseob Kim ◽  
Wolfgang Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Genetic Hitchhiking ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Polymorphism Data ◽  
Ancestral Recombination Graphs

Abstract The theory of genetic hitchhiking predicts that the level of genetic variation is greatly reduced at the site of strong directional selection and increases as the recombinational distance from the site of selection increases. This characteristic pattern can be used to detect recent directional selection on the basis of DNA polymorphism data. However, the large variance of nucleotide diversity in samples of moderate size imposes difficulties in detecting such patterns. We investigated the patterns of genetic variation along a recombining chromosome by constructing ancestral recombination graphs that are modified to incorporate the effect of genetic hitchhiking. A statistical method is proposed to test the significance of a local reduction of variation and a skew of the frequency spectrum caused by a hitchhiking event. This method also allows us to estimate the strength and the location of directional selection from DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Fusarium tupiense, the Main Causal Agent of Mango Malformation Disease in Southern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crespo ◽  
F. M. Cazorla ◽  
A. de Vicente ◽  
E. Arrebola ◽  
J. A. Torés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mango Malformation

Mango malformation disease (MMD) has become an important global disease affecting this crop. The aim of this study was to identify the main causal agents of MMD in the Axarquía region of southern Spain and determine their genetic diversity. Fusarium mangiferae was previously described in the Axarquía region but it represented only one-third of the fusaria recovered from malformed trees. In the present work, fusaria associated with MMD were analyzed by arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-PCR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG), a PCR screen for mating type idiomorph, and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data to identify and characterize the genetic diversity of the MMD pathogens. These analyses confirmed that 92 of the isolates were F. tupiense, which was previously only known from Brazil and Senegal. In addition, two isolates of a putatively novel MMD pathogen were discovered, nested within the African clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. The F. tupiense isolates all belonged to VCG I, which was first described in Brazil, and the 11 isolates tested showed pathogenicity on mango seedlings. Including the prior discovery of F. mangiferae, three exotic MMD pathogenic species have been found in southern Spain, which suggests multiple independent introductions of MMD pathogens in the Axarquía region.

Genetic diversity, species phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Aquarius paludum group (Heteroptera: Gerridae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Zettel ◽  
Jakob Damgaard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Vicariance Event

AbstractWe investigated genetic diversity and phylogeny of all water strider species assigned to the Aquarius paludum species group on basis of 425 bp DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Parsimony analyses and genetic distances confirmed the taxonomic status of the two recently described species Aquarius lili Polhemus & Polhemus, 1994 from Timor and A. philippinensis Zettel & Ruiz, 2003 from the Philippines as being separate from the widespread Oriental A. adelaidis (Dohrn, 1860). Molecular clock estimates suggest that the disjunct zoogeographical pattern among the three species is due to a Pliocene/Pleistocene long-range dispersal, rather than a Mesozoic vicariance event as previously suggested. However, when we superimposed the disjunct distribution of Southern Hemisphere representatives of the paludum-group onto their phylogenetic relationship, the pattern indicated vicariance events following the break-up of Gondwana.

Determination of evolutionary units in European representatives of the crab genus Pilumnus

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schubart ◽  
Bianca Aichinger
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Evolutionary Units

AbstractBristle crabs of the genus Pilumnus (Brachyura: Heterotremata: Pilumnidae) are common inhabitants of European waters. They are easily identifiable as a genus, but with the exception of P. inermis, intrageneric classification turns out to be quite complex. There is no general agreement on the number and distinction of species. Therefore, this genus is well-suited for comparative molecular studies. Specimens of the Pilumnus hirtellus complex, here defined as including Pilumnus hirtellus, P. villosissimus, P. spinifer, P. aestuarii, and an undescribed species, were gathered from throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. DNA sequence data were obtained from the barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene and used for reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree and a haplotype network. The morphology of the gastric ossicles was compared in the search of separating characters. Our results give evidence for five genetic clusters within the P. hirtellus complex. There is negligible geographic variation within these clusters. Unambiguous mtDNA sequences within morphologically variable local populations argue against possible hybridization. The here encountered evolutionary units are relatively young and possibly allow to study ongoing processes of morphological, genetic, and ecological differentiation, leading to speciation and radiations in the coastal marine environment.

Phylogeny and mtDNA phylogeography of two widespread European pond skater species (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerridae: Gerris Fabricius)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Damgaard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractThis study addresses the phylogenetic relationships within and between two widespread Palaearctic pond skater species, Gerris costae and G. thoracicus, by including new DNA sequence data from the Central Asian G. sahlbergi, traditionally assigned as a close relative of G. costae. The results support the assignment of G. costae and G. thoracicus to two individual species groups that are not closely related, but also that G. sahlbergi is nested within G. costae (including subspecies costae, fieberi and poissoni) thus suggesting a new subspecific rank as G. c. sahlbergi. A broad geographical sampling of mitochondrial DNA from populations of G. thoracicus and G. costae (incl. G. c. sahlbergi) shows that the two species are strikingly similar in terms of genetic diversity and lack of geographical substructure, thus adding further evidence for the G. costae group comprising a single, widespread species.

A new species of genus Hoplobatrachus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the coastal belt of Bangladesh

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3312 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMUDUL HASAN ◽  
MITSURU KURAMOTO ◽  
MOHAMMED MAFIZUL ISLAM ◽  
MOHAMMAD SHAFIQUL ALAM ◽  
MD. MUKHLESUR RAHMAN KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Upper Jaw

A new cryptic species of the genus Hoplobatrachus from Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh is described and compared with itsrelevant congeners both in morphology and mitochondrial gene sequences. The new species differs from its close relative H.tigerinus in having a distinct broad black band from the eye, through the nostrils, to the anterior edge of the upper jaw, anotherblack band along the lateral margin of the upper jaw, and a narrow inter-orbital distance relative to eyelid width and inter-nostrildistance. Advertisement calls of the new species are similar to those of H. tigerinus but differ in dominant frequency and num-ber of pulses. Based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, this species was proved to genetically divergent from H. tigerinus at3.2% for the 16S rRNA gene and 14.2% for the Cytb gene. The known distribution range of the new species is restricted to the southeastern corner of Bangladesh and it seems to be endemic in this coastal belt.

A new species of scincid lizard in the genus Caledoniscincus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from northwest New Caledonia

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3229 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSS A. SADLIER ◽  
TONY WHITAKER ◽  
PERRY L. WOOD ◽  
AARON M. BAUER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
A New Species

A new species of skink in the genus Caledoniscincus is described from the northwest region of New Caledonia. It is knownfrom two locations, one on the coast at Pointe de Vavouto north of Koné, the other on the slopes of the Massif d’Oua-zangou, an isolated mountain 30 km to the north. Typical of all members of the genus, adult males and females of the newspecies are sexually dichromatic. The new species, Caledoniscincus constellatus sp. nov., has a bold, white midlateralstripe, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric C. hap-lorhinus (Günther) and C. austrocaledonicus (Bavay), from which it can be distinguished by a unique pattern of contactbetween the pale midlateral stripe and the ear. DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies a high levelof genetic differentiation between the new species and all other Caledoniscincus, further supporting its distinctiveness asan independent evolutionary lineage. The species is of high conservation concern given its restricted distribution in a re-gion that has been, and will continue to be, heavily impacted by human occupation, and would be ranked as Critically Endangered under IUCN criteria.

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