Determination of evolutionary units in European representatives of the crab genus Pilumnus

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schubart ◽  
Bianca Aichinger
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Evolutionary Units

AbstractBristle crabs of the genus Pilumnus (Brachyura: Heterotremata: Pilumnidae) are common inhabitants of European waters. They are easily identifiable as a genus, but with the exception of P. inermis, intrageneric classification turns out to be quite complex. There is no general agreement on the number and distinction of species. Therefore, this genus is well-suited for comparative molecular studies. Specimens of the Pilumnus hirtellus complex, here defined as including Pilumnus hirtellus, P. villosissimus, P. spinifer, P. aestuarii, and an undescribed species, were gathered from throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. DNA sequence data were obtained from the barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene and used for reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree and a haplotype network. The morphology of the gastric ossicles was compared in the search of separating characters. Our results give evidence for five genetic clusters within the P. hirtellus complex. There is negligible geographic variation within these clusters. Unambiguous mtDNA sequences within morphologically variable local populations argue against possible hybridization. The here encountered evolutionary units are relatively young and possibly allow to study ongoing processes of morphological, genetic, and ecological differentiation, leading to speciation and radiations in the coastal marine environment.

Investigating the amphiatlantic status of Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy, 1838) (Nudibranchia: Aeolidida)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Leila Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean

ABSTRACT The aeolid species Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy, 1838) was originally described from Massachusetts and was later reported from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. So far, no molecular systematic study of its amphiatlantic status has been carried out. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) of DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes confirm the amphiatlantic status of F. bostoniensis. My findings show that this species is restricted to the Atlantic realm and that the species recorded from the Mediterranean is not F. bostoniensis but F. vicina (Bergh, 1882). It is hypothesized that previous records of F. bostoniensis from the Mediterranean Sea were actually misidentifications of F. vicina.

A new species of genus Hoplobatrachus (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from the coastal belt of Bangladesh

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3312 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMUDUL HASAN ◽  
MITSURU KURAMOTO ◽  
MOHAMMED MAFIZUL ISLAM ◽  
MOHAMMAD SHAFIQUL ALAM ◽  
MD. MUKHLESUR RAHMAN KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Upper Jaw

A new cryptic species of the genus Hoplobatrachus from Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh is described and compared with itsrelevant congeners both in morphology and mitochondrial gene sequences. The new species differs from its close relative H.tigerinus in having a distinct broad black band from the eye, through the nostrils, to the anterior edge of the upper jaw, anotherblack band along the lateral margin of the upper jaw, and a narrow inter-orbital distance relative to eyelid width and inter-nostrildistance. Advertisement calls of the new species are similar to those of H. tigerinus but differ in dominant frequency and num-ber of pulses. Based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, this species was proved to genetically divergent from H. tigerinus at3.2% for the 16S rRNA gene and 14.2% for the Cytb gene. The known distribution range of the new species is restricted to the southeastern corner of Bangladesh and it seems to be endemic in this coastal belt.

A new species of scincid lizard in the genus Caledoniscincus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from northwest New Caledonia

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3229 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSS A. SADLIER ◽  
TONY WHITAKER ◽  
PERRY L. WOOD ◽  
AARON M. BAUER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
A New Species

A new species of skink in the genus Caledoniscincus is described from the northwest region of New Caledonia. It is knownfrom two locations, one on the coast at Pointe de Vavouto north of Koné, the other on the slopes of the Massif d’Oua-zangou, an isolated mountain 30 km to the north. Typical of all members of the genus, adult males and females of the newspecies are sexually dichromatic. The new species, Caledoniscincus constellatus sp. nov., has a bold, white midlateralstripe, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric C. hap-lorhinus (Günther) and C. austrocaledonicus (Bavay), from which it can be distinguished by a unique pattern of contactbetween the pale midlateral stripe and the ear. DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies a high levelof genetic differentiation between the new species and all other Caledoniscincus, further supporting its distinctiveness asan independent evolutionary lineage. The species is of high conservation concern given its restricted distribution in a re-gion that has been, and will continue to be, heavily impacted by human occupation, and would be ranked as Critically Endangered under IUCN criteria.

Review of the Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay of the New World (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4407 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT ◽  
JENNIFER C. GIRÓN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
New World ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Very High

New World species assigned to the Helochares subgenus Hydrobaticus MacLeay are reviewed based on adult morphology and DNA sequence data. Nine species are recognized, including five here described as new: Helochares (Hydrobaticus) laevis n. sp. (Mexico), H. (Hydrobaticus) nexus n. sp. (Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela), H. (Hydrobaticus) politus n. sp. (Guatemala), H. (Hydrobaticus) trujillo n. sp. (Venezuela), and H. (Hydrobaticus) zamora n. sp. (Ecuador). New records are provided for the three previously described species: Helochares (Hydrobaticus) championi Sharp, 1882 (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua), H. (Hydrobaticus) maculicollis Mulsant, 1844 (United States), and H. (Hydrobaticus) normatus (LeConte, 1861) (United States to Costa Rica). A ninth species, known only from five poorly preserved female specimens from Peru, is left undescribed until additional material can be found. Most species are known to exhibit some parental care, with the egg case being attached to the abdomen of and carried by the female. Intraspecific genetic distances within several species are very high, in some cases more than 8% in the mitochondrial gene COI, suggesting there may be additional cryptic species remaining to be identified. All taxa are illustrated and a key to species is provided. 

Molecular evolution and diversification of the vestimentiferan tube worms

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nic A. Williams ◽  
David R. Dixon ◽  
Eve C. Southward ◽  
Peter W. H. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Tube Worms ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

The Vestimentifera, or deep-sea tube worms, comprise an ecologically and anatomically unusual group of marine invertebrates, with poorly understood biogeography, ecology, phylogenetic affinities and evolutionary radiation. To gain insight into evolutionary diversification within the group, we have used a molecular biological approach. We report the cloning of a region of 28S ribosomal DNA from representatives of five vestimentiferan genera plus, for comparison, a polychaete and a perviate pogonophore. Phylogenetic analyses using these DNA sequences confirm thatRidgeiaandTevniaare closely related genera. The analyses also lead us to propose the hypothesis that the earliest vestimentiferan lineage to diverge gave rise to the genusLamellibrachiaonly. In addition, our comparative DNA sequence data now provide a means to use molecular methods for identification of deep-sea tube worms; we employed this approach to demonstrate that the first vestimentiferan specimen from the eastern Atlantic Ocean belongs to the genusLamellibrachia. DNA-based identification should have wide applications in the study of vestimentiferan biogeography and ecology.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and chromosome complement of Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) with comments about its role as parasite hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726
Author(s):  
Julia Bontempo ◽  
Cecília Bueno ◽  
Paulo Sérgio D'Andrea ◽  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

The distribution of Galictis cuja encompasses several countries of South America, including Brazil, where it inhabits the Atlantic Forest, part of Caatinga and part of Cerrado biomes. Herein we analyzed G. cuja specimens from localities in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Bahia, and the Distrito Federal, mainly roadkilled animals. The genetic diversity was estimated based on DNA sequence data of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (mt-cyb). Analysis of mt-cyb identified high haplotypic diversity, albeit with low nucleotide diversity, suggesting that this population is in expansion and confirming the presence of gene flow. The karyotypes of two Galictis cuja specimens were described as 2n = 38 and FNa = 66. Our data showed that G. cuja is frequent in the investigated areas of Atlantic Forest biome, being a common roadkill mammal. Our data suggest that G. cuja may play a role as a spreader of zoonotic parasites.

Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Culicoides dewulfi should not be considered part of the Culicoides obsoletus complex

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Schwenkenbecher ◽  
A.J. Mordue (Luntz) ◽  
S.B. Piertney
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Culicoides Obsoletus ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nuclear Regions

AbstractAnalysis of DNA sequence data has proven invaluable for defining the relationships among taxa, as well as resolving their evolutionary histories. Here, we analyzed DNA sequence variation of one mitochondrial gene (COI) and two nuclear regions (ITSI and II) to clarify the phylogenetic position of Culicoides dewulfi, a midge species widely spread in Europe and a suspected vector for bluetongue virus. Various authors have described C. dewulfi either as part of the Culicoides obsoletus sensu lato complex or as a separate taxonomic group. A maximum likelihood phylogeny, based upon an optimal model of sequence evolution, placed C. dewulfi outwith the C. obsoletus s.l. complex. Shimodaira-Hasegawa test highlighted that this topology was significantly more likely than any topology that placed C. dewulfi anywhere else in the phylogeny. As such, C. dewulfi should not be considered part of the C. obsoletus s.l. complex and instead be treated as a separate group, phylogenetically close to the classical Old World vector C. imicola.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 41-152
Author(s):  
David H. Kavanaugh ◽  
David R. Maddison ◽  
W. Brian Simison ◽  
Sean D. Schoville ◽  
Joachim Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Topoisomerase 1 ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The phylogeny of the carabid beetle supertribe Nebriitae is inferred from analyses of DNA sequence data from eight gene fragments including one nuclear ribosomal gene (28S), four nuclear-protein coding genes (CAD, topoisomerase 1, PEPCK, and wingless), and three mitochondrial gene fragments (16S + tRNA-Leu + ND1, COI (“barcode” region) and COI (“Pat/Jer” region)). Our taxon sample included 264 exemplars representing 241 species and subspecies (25% of the known nebriite fauna), 39 of 41 currently accepted genera and subgenera (all except Notiokasis and Archileistobrius), and eight outgroup taxa. Separate maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of individual genes, combined ML analyses of nuclear, nuclear protein-coding, and mitochondrial genes, and combined ML and Bayesian analyses of the eight-gene-fragment matrix resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny of the supertribe, with most nodes in the tree strongly supported. Within Nebriitae, 167 internal nodes of the tree (out of the maximum possible 255) are supported by maximum-likelihood bootstrap values of 90% or more. The tribes Notiophilini, Opisthiini, Pelophilini, and Nebriini are well supported as monophyletic but relationships among these are not well resolved. Nippononebria is a distinct genus more closely related to Leistus than Nebria. Archastes, Oreonebria, Spelaeonebria, and Eurynebria, previously treated as distinct genera by some authors, are all nested within a monophyletic genus Nebria. Within Nebria, four major clades are recognized: (1) the Oreonebria Series, including eight subgenera arrayed in two subgeneric complexes (the Eonebria and Oreonebria Complexes); (2) the Nebriola Series, including only subgenus Nebriola; (3) the Nebria Series, including ten subgenera arrayed in two subgeneric complexes, the Boreonebria and Nebria Complexes, with the latter further subdivided into three subgeneric subcomplexes (the Nebria, Epinebriola, and Eunebria Subcomplexes)); and (4) the Catonebria Series, including seven subgenera arrayed in two subgeneric complexes (the Reductonebria and Catonebria Complexes). A strong concordance of biogeography with the inferred phylogeny is noted and some evident vicariance patterns are highlighted. A revised classification, mainly within the Nebriini, is proposed to reflect the inferred phylogeny. Three genus-group taxa (Nippononebria, Vancouveria and Archastes) are given revised status and seven are recognized as new synonymies (Nebriorites Jeannel, 1941 and Marggia Huber, 2014 = Oreonebria Daniel, 1903; Pseudonebriola Ledoux & Roux, 1989 = Boreonebria Jeannel, 1937; Patrobonebria Bänninger, 1923, Paranebria Jeannel, 1937 and Barbonebriola Huber & Schmidt, 2017 = Epinebriola Daniel & Daniel, 1904; and Asionebria Shilenkov, 1982 = Psilonebria Andrewes, 1923). Six new subgenera are proposed and described for newly recognized clades: Parepinebriola Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria delicata Huber & Schmidt, 2017), Insulanebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria carbonaria Eschscholtz, 1829), Erwinebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species Nebria sahlbergii Fischer von Waldheim, 1828), Nivalonebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria paradisi Darlington, 1931), Neaptenonebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria ovipennis LeConte, 1878), and Palaptenonebria Kavanaugh subgen. nov. (type species: Nebria mellyi Gebler, 1847). Future efforts to better understand relationships within the supertribe should aim to expand the taxon sampling of DNA sequence data, particularly within subgenera Leistus and Evanoleistus of genus Leistus and the Nebria Complex of genus Nebria.

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