An Empirical Study on the Environmental Effects of Industrial Spatial Agglomeration Since the Reform and Opening-up

Since the reform and opening up, regional imbalances in the development of market economy and urbanization have significantly changed the spatial agglomeration pattern of grain production (GP) in China. To characterize GP by the yield, we used the gravity center (GC) and standard deviation ellipse (SDE) to investigate the evolution characteristics of the spatial agglomeration pattern of GP and its three major crops with wheat, maize and rice in China, then establish a spatial econometric model to explore the natural and socioeconomic drivers of GP at the national level, at different crops and at different regions. The research results indicate that the GC of GP gradually shifts and expands to the northeast and presents a spatial distribution pattern in a “northeast–southwest” direction. The GC of wheat production mainly expands upwards in the east–west direction. The GC of maize production shifts in a direction that is more consistent with grain production, and there is an expansion trend in the east–west direction, while the GC of rice production has the largest north–south span, and continues to expand upward to the north by the east. The status of grain production in Northeast China and Northwest China is rising and the importance of grain production in the Southeast coastal areas are decreasing. The importance of wheat and corn production in North China continues to strengthen, and Northeast China is becoming more important for rice production, but the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are still important rice producing regions. Changes in GP with significant spatial dependence are jointly affected by many factors, such as natural and socio-economic factors, and there are obvious differences among different food crops and different division regions, with the most prominent positive effects being the multiple crop index (MCI), arable land per capita (AL) and agricultural mechanization (MECH), while economic growth and urbanization are significantly negative.

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The Empirical Analysis on Environmental Effects Caused by China Foreign Trade

Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 ◽

10.24212/2179-3565.2012v3i3p53-63 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Zhao Difei ◽

Zheng Weiteng

Keyword(s):

Environmental Effects ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Ecological Environment ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

The Impact ◽

The Empirical Analysis ◽

Opening Up ◽

Academic Debate ◽

China’S Economy

Since reform and opening up, as an important factor of economic growth, trade has promoted the development of China’s economy sharply, at the same time, it brought about the destruction of the ecological environment which is the focus of academic debate. There is still not any definite conclusion about the impact of trade on the environment. In this paper, by establishing a measurement model, we calculate the environmental effects of trade from scale, technology and structure three aspects, conclusion shows that the structure effect and technology effect of liberalization of trade will improve the level of China’s environment, but the scale effect of trade while promoting economic expansion will cause environmental damage

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Rereading Klein’s “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”—the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in four generations of Chinese women

Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy in China ◽

10.33212/ppc.v3n1.2020.50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 50-59

Author(s):

Xu Jianqin

Keyword(s):

Mutual Influence ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Chinese History ◽

Developmental Context ◽

Child Relationship ◽

Mother Daughter Relationship ◽

Foot Binding ◽

Mother Child Relationship ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Opening Up

This article analyses the evolution of the mother–daughter relationship in China, and describes the mothering characteristics of four generations of women, which in sequence includes “foot-binding mothers”, “mothers after liberation”, “mothers after reform and opening up”, and “mothers who were only daughters”. Referring to Klein’s ideas about the mother–child relationship, especially those in her paper “Some reflections on ‘The Oresteia’ ”, the author tries to understand mothers and their impact on their daughters in these various periods of Chinese history, so as to explore the mutual influence of the mother–daughter relationship in particular, and the Chinese cultural and developmental context in general.

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China's Financial Reform and Opening-Up over the Past Three Decades

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1310902 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yibin Mu

Keyword(s):

Financial Reform ◽

The Past ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Opening Up

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Patterns of Agricultural Diversification in China and Its Policy Implications for Agricultural Modernization

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4978

Author(s):

Hongyun Han ◽

Hui Lin

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Process ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Agricultural Modernization ◽

Agricultural Diversification ◽

Leading Position ◽

Chinese Agriculture ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Central South ◽

Opening Up

Based on the value of agricultural farm products produced by different subsectors in China, the foregoing analysis reveals the dynamic character of agricultural diversification by which, this study seeks to examine the evolutionary process of Chinese agriculture through a quantitative study of agricultural diversification at both national and provincial levels. In the initial stages of reform and opening up, the degree of agricultural diversification in the southwest was relatively high; then the center of agricultural diversification gradually moved to the southeast of China; finally, the degree of agricultural diversification in the economically developed eastern provinces was obviously higher than those in other regions in 2019. It was seen that some provinces in the eastern and central south regions moved toward increasing diversification in one direction, and other provinces changed direction, first moving toward diversification and later toward concentration or vice versa. These oscillations implied that there was a cyclic tendency of agricultural diversification along with an increase in per capita GDP. Generally speaking, the patterns of diversification differed across regions due to diversified agricultural subsectors resulting from different natural and socio-economic circumstances. In particular, in less developed regions with lower agricultural diversification levels, farming agriculture persistently dominated the leading position with relatively more resistance to modernizing trends in other aspects of agriculture. It is urgent for the Chinese government to figure out ways off reconciling agricultural productivity with environmental quality through the ecological intensification of agriculture.

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The Xianggu Mushroom Industry in Xixia County, Henan: A Case Study (西峡香菇产业的个案研究)

Rural China ◽

10.1163/22136746-01402005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 375-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chang Liu (刘昶) ◽

Shiqing Bao (包诗卿) ◽

Danqing Pei (裴丹青)

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Fair Share ◽

Shiitake Mushroom ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Opening Up

The xianggu (shiitake) mushroom industry in Xixia county, Henan, emerged and initially experienced rapid growth during the reform and opening up period. It has benefited from both the rapid expansion of the food consumption market in China and the guidance and support of the local government. After thirty years of sustained expansion, the growth of the mushroom market began to slow down and competition within the industry became fierce. Facing rich and powerful mushroom dealers, individual mushroom farmers have had to bear the brunt of market fluctuations. To break the predicament of farmers’ suffering from low prices (because of the bumper harvest paradox) and to help farmers protect their interests and gain a fair share of the industry’s profits, and thus to achieve sustained and healthy development of the mushroom industry, important institutional innovations are needed. 西峡县香菇产业在改革开放时期经历了从零开始的飞速增长，这既得益于食品消费市场的迅速扩张，也得益于地方政府的引导和扶持。在经历了三十年的持续扩张后，香菇市场增速开始放缓，业内竞争压力凸显。面对财大气粗的菇行，势孤力单的个体菇农首当其冲,受到市场的挤压。要破解菇贱伤农的困局，帮助菇农保护自己的利益和分享产业的利润，并实现香菇产业的健康持续发展，就需要在产业组织和制度上进行创新。 (This article is in English.)

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China's Reform and Opening-up and International Law

Chinese Journal of International Law ◽

10.1093/chinesejil/jmp035 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 193-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. WANG ◽

B. HU

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Opening Up

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The interplay between global accounting firms and national institutional contexts: The establishment of the Big Four in China from 1978 to 2007

Accounting History ◽

10.1177/10323732211058183 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103237322110581

Author(s):

Wenjun Wen ◽

Amanda Sonnerfeldt

Keyword(s):

Economic Transition ◽

Professional Service ◽

Service Firms ◽

Professional Service Firms ◽

Accounting Firms ◽

Audit Market ◽

Institutional Contexts ◽

Reform And Opening Up ◽

Big Four ◽

Opening Up

This paper provides an analysis of the establishment of global accounting firms (the ‘Big Four’) in China between 1978 and 2007. Drawing on the extant literature on professional service firms, and the work of Faulconbridge and Muzio (2015) , this paper examines how the Big Four entered China following the country's ‘Reform and Opening-up’ and evolved from tentative representative offices to established accounting firms in the Chinese audit market. Based on an extensive analysis of archival materials and interviews, the findings of this paper show that the Big Four's establishment in China has been deeply intertwined with the country's socio-political and economic transition. It reveals important conjunctural moments in history that have provided the Big Four with important windows of opportunity to actively shape local institutional change to their own interests. This paper contributes to the extant accounting literature on the expansion of the Big Four in China by highlighting the interplay between their surrounding institutional context and their capacity for agency.

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