scholarly journals PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE ASPECT OF DHUMNASYA (NASAL INSUFFLATION OF MEDICATED SMOKE)

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (6) ◽  
pp. 3135-3142
Author(s):  
Tanuja Mehta ◽  
Uttam Kumar Sharma ◽  
Bhawana Mittal ◽  
Shikha Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Drug Degradation ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Slow Absorption ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Background- Panchkarma is a group of procedures known for its preventive, promotive, prophylactic and rejuve- nating properties as well as radicle cure. Nasya is one of the Panchkarma treatments. Among the various forms of Nasya, Dhumnasya is a very effective type of Nasya which has further been classified into different types based on various potency of herbs with their respective properties. Aim and Objective: To find out the role of Dhumnasya in the preventive and curative aspects. Material and Methods: Classics of Ayurveda having references regarding Nasya, Modern literature, published articles in peer-reviewed journals, published books and subject-related material available online have been screened, compiled, organized and described systematically. Result: In Dhumnasya medicinal herbs with other constituents are burnt in such an effective manner to produce a medicated fume contain- ing volatile phytochemical of herbs, which when inhaled through nasal route exerts their efficient role in both pre- vention and treatment of various forms of disease both at a local and systemic level. Conclusion: In this review article, it has been tried to focus on the preventive and curative aspect of Dhumnasya so to help to address issues related to poor bioavailability, slow absorption, drug degradation and adverse event in the GIT tract and avoid the first-pass metabolism in the liver and discover the advantage of smoke based therapies as rapid delivery to the brain, more efficient pulmonary absorption and become the suitable substitute for the oral and parental administration. Keywords: Panchkarma, Dhumnasya, Nasya, Medicated smoke.

scholarly journals CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PURVA KARMA PRIOR TO NASYA W.S.R. SNEHA NASYA

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Divya Virupaksha ◽  
Krishnan N ◽  
Ajoy Viswam ◽  
Naveen B. S
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Nasal Delivery ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Drug Degradation ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Slow Absorption ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Ayurveda Panchakarmas are an all-time big name for both Ayurveda doctors and patients. Their efficacy of targeting the body holistically and evacuating toxins, thereby, addressing most of the problems of an individual makes it a hit. This paper aims at estimating the contribution of Purva Karma (procedures prior to instillation of medicine) in the outcome, especially in the context of Sneha Nasya (instillation of unctuous medicine). Nasal route of administration may help address the hitches accompanying to poor bioavailability, slow absorption, drug degradation, and possible adverse events in the gastro intestinal tract and avoids the first-pass metabolism in the liver. However, when considering nasal delivery, appropriate measures need to be taken to address the limitations of drug delivery in this region. Purva Karma starts with drug preparation and ends with stage of instillation of medicine (8 check points). The role of each of them on overcoming the limitations and delivering the results is reviewed.

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PLANT-DERIVED OLIGOSTILBENES AND STILBENE GLYCOSIDES

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
SUTAPA BISWAS MAJEE ◽  
DIPANJANA ASH ◽  
DHRUTI AVLANI ◽  
GOPA ROY BISWAS
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Stilbenoids constitute a major class of plant-derived secondary metabolites occurring in abundance across several families and are well-known for their nutritional and health-promoting benefits. Several investigations have established their therapeutic potential in the management of different types of cancer, neuroinflammation, arthritis, disorders in lipid metabolism, microbial infection etc. Studies on resveratrol monomer, oxyresveratrol, their synthetic analogs, piceatannol, pterostilbene can be found in the literature. But a collective and comprehensive review on chemistry, pharmacological effects, structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetics of plant-derived oligostilbenes and stilbene glycosides is missing. These phytochemicals are generally characterised by poor oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and conjugation. The present chapter aims to fill up these lacunae and also focuses on further studies that can be performed in the future to translate these immensely potential secondary metabolites into human clinical setting from cell culture and animal studies at the preclinical level for effective therapeutic intervention of various pathological conditions.

Drugs and other physical treatments

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Portal System ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pass Metabolism

This chapter is about the use of drugs and electroconvul­sive therapy (ECT). Stimulants for ADHD are covered in Chapter 32, and psychological treatments in Chapter 14. This is a convenient way of dividing the subject matter of a book, but in practice these physical treatments should always be combined with psychological treatment, unless the patient chooses not to undertake this. The account in this chapter is concerned with prac­tical therapeutics rather than basic pharmacology, and it will be assumed that the reader has studied the basic pharmacology of the principal types of drug used in psychiatric disorders (readers who do not have this knowledge should consult a textbook, see, for example, ‘Further reading’). Nevertheless, a few important points about the actions of psychotropic drugs will be con­sidered, before describing the specific groups of drugs (see Science box 13.1). To be effective, psychotropic drugs must reach the brain in adequate amounts. How far they do this depends on their absorption, metabolism, excretion, and passage across the blood– brain barrier. Most psychotropic drugs are absorbed readily from the gut, but absorption can be reduced by intestinal hurry or a malabsorption syndrome. Absorption can be slowed down by use of enteric coatings on capsules, should the clinician wish for a drug to be delivered over a longer period of time. Most psychotropic drugs are metabolized partially in the liver on their way from the intestine via the portal system to the systemic circulation. The amount of this so- called first- pass metabolism differs from one person to another, and it is altered by certain drugs, taken at the same time, which induce liver enzymes (e.g. carbamazepine) or inhibit them (e.g. MAOIs). Although first- pass metabolism reduces the amount of the original drug reaching the brain, the metabolites of some drugs have their own therapeutic effects. As many psychotropic drugs have active metabolites, the measurement of plasma concentrations of the parent drug is generally a poor guide to treatment.

Role of Intestinal First-Pass Metabolism of Baicalein in its Absorption Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Ge Lin ◽  
Qi Chang ◽  
Zhong Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Process ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Pass Metabolism
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