MORPHOMETRIC STUDY AND EMBRYOLOGICAL BASIS OF HIGH TERMINATION OF BRACHIAL ARTERY WITH CLINICAL IMPLICATION IN SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS.

The high brachial artery bifurcation is an anatomical variation found in the arm segment. Although it does not present any alteration in the arterial blood functionality, it is considered a common spot for vascular lesions during surgical interventions that consist of the absence of anatomical knowledge. The research objective was to describe the high brachial artery bifurcation found in a cadaveric specimen from the anatomy laboratory as well as its main anatomoclinical aspects. Twenty-six upper limbs were investigated and dissected from the Universidade Brasil's Human Anatomy Laboratory, SP. These were formolized cadaveric specimens from both sexes. During upper limb dissection, arterial anatomical variations were observed in a single-arm segment. The variation was unilateral in the left hemisphere. The clinical findings were high brachial artery bifurcation and a rare case of the radial artery in the medial path, as well as an ulnar artery with a lateral path in the arm median third. It is clear that the understanding of anatomy and anatomical variations patterns is of utmost importance and a requirement for surgery, so surgeons need to be aware of clinical, anatomical, and arterial variations data, avoiding vascular lesions during the surgical interventions. Dissection is an important learning tool for students and resident doctors. It is suggested the use of dissection as a pedagogical resource to acquire skills in surgeries during internship and also to improve the anatomical variation cognition of upper limbs.

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Intervertebral disc’s features in postnatal period of ontogenesis

Medical Science And Education Of Ural ◽

10.36361/1814-8999-2021-22-1-41-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

E. L. Kurenkov ◽

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V. V. Makarova ◽

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Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Transient State ◽

Intervertebral Discs ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Intermediate Position ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Biological Aging ◽

Type Ii ◽

Surgical Interventions

Aim. To reveal intervertebral disc’s morphological patterns of postnatal period. Material and methods. The morphometric study was performed on histological material obtained during 100 cases of surgical interventions on the lumbar spine for radicular syndrome. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 77 years, median age was 45,0 (36,0; 55,0). Also, it was examined 36 samples of the intervertebral discs’ C5C6, D5D6, L5S1 anterior parts (including nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus) obtained in 12 cases of autopsies. The age of individuals ranged from 34 to 94 years, median age was 61,0 (50,5; 71,8) years. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson method and silver impregnation was performed according to standard procedure using ready-made reagent kits. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn test were used for cross-group comparisons. Results. According to the morphological state of collagen fibers, all samples were divided into 4 groups. To assess the regenerative state of fibrous cartilage, a calculated coefficient reflecting the ratio of isogenic groups of chondrocytes to single chondrocytes was used. When comparing the coefficient value between the groups, statistically significant differences were obtained (p = 0,0038). The value of calculated coefficient for types I and IV-V were similar. The maximum range of values fell on type III, and type II was found in intermediate position. Statistically significant differences in the calculated coefficient between types I and III were obtained. The absence of differences in the value of the calculated coefficient between types II and III could be explained by fact that type II reflected transient state between types I and III. Type IV was found in intermediate position, as type II did. Conclusion. The intervertebral disc of postnatal period was synchondrosis. Its morphological changes didn’t depend on age and are probably related to the genetically determined strength properties of fibrous cartilage, as well as lifestyle. The proposed calculated coefficient can serve as a preliminary indicator of intervertebral disc’s biological aging stage, as well as an additional evaluation criterion in combination with color gradation based on the results of staining by Van Gieson method.

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