Intervertebral disc’s features in postnatal period of ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
E. L. Kurenkov ◽  
◽  
V. V. Makarova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Surgical Interventions

Aim. To reveal intervertebral disc’s morphological patterns of postnatal period. Material and methods. The morphometric study was performed on histological material obtained during 100 cases of surgical interventions on the lumbar spine for radicular syndrome. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 77 years, median age was 45,0 (36,0; 55,0). Also, it was examined 36 samples of the intervertebral discs’ C5C6, D5D6, L5S1 anterior parts (including nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus) obtained in 12 cases of autopsies. The age of individuals ranged from 34 to 94 years, median age was 61,0 (50,5; 71,8) years. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson method and silver impregnation was performed according to standard procedure using ready-made reagent kits. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn test were used for cross-group comparisons. Results. According to the morphological state of collagen fibers, all samples were divided into 4 groups. To assess the regenerative state of fibrous cartilage, a calculated coefficient reflecting the ratio of isogenic groups of chondrocytes to single chondrocytes was used. When comparing the coefficient value between the groups, statistically significant differences were obtained (p = 0,0038). The value of calculated coefficient for types I and IV-V were similar. The maximum range of values fell on type III, and type II was found in intermediate position. Statistically significant differences in the calculated coefficient between types I and III were obtained. The absence of differences in the value of the calculated coefficient between types II and III could be explained by fact that type II reflected transient state between types I and III. Type IV was found in intermediate position, as type II did. Conclusion. The intervertebral disc of postnatal period was synchondrosis. Its morphological changes didn’t depend on age and are probably related to the genetically determined strength properties of fibrous cartilage, as well as lifestyle. The proposed calculated coefficient can serve as a preliminary indicator of intervertebral disc’s biological aging stage, as well as an additional evaluation criterion in combination with color gradation based on the results of staining by Van Gieson method.

Effects of Aging on Type II Muscle Fibers: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Brunner ◽  
Annina Schmid ◽  
Ali Sheikhzadeh ◽  
Margareta Nordin ◽  
Jangwhon Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscles

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for scientific articles in selected databases to determine the effects of aging on Type II muscle fibers in human skeletal muscles. They found that aging of Type II muscle fibers is primarily associated with a loss of fibers and a decrease in fiber size. Morphological changes with increasing age particularly included Type II fiber grouping. There is conflicting evidence regarding the change of proportion of Type II fibers. Type II muscle fibers seem to play an important role in the aging process of human skeletal muscles. According to this literature review, loss of fibers, decrease in size, and fiber-type grouping represent major quantitative changes. Because the process of aging involves various complex phenomena such as fiber-type coexpression, however, it seems difficult to assign those changes solely to a specific fiber type.

scholarly journals Intervertebral disc vacuum phenomenon is associated with Modic changes in the adjacent endplate: implications for discogenic back pain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Liu ◽  
Yufeng Xiang ◽  
Zhi Shan ◽  
Shunwu Fan ◽  
Fengdong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Modic Changes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Vacuum Phenomenon ◽  
Lower Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Abstract Background Back pain often arises from degenerative changes in lumbar intervertebral discs and their adjacent endplates. A painful endplate is not easy to identify in patients, but could possibly be revealed by inflammatory-like ‘Modic’ changes and by a ‘vacuum phenomenon’ within the disc. We hypothesize that Modic changes and a VP often co-exist in those lumbar levels most closely associated with back pain Methods We scanned 1023 consecutive inpatients of the Department of Orthopaedics from 2015 August to 2018 August, all patients suffered from lumbar degenerative diseases, whether the patients had back pain or not were evaluated, and the prevalence and location of vacuum phenomenon(VP) and Modic changes were compared at each spinal level. Results 5115 discs were studied from 1023 patients. The number of discs showed to have a VP was 430 using CT, of the 430 discs with a CT-diagnosed VP, 116 were L4-5, and 171 were L5-S1. 522 of the 5115 discs exhibited Modic changes, with prevalence of type I, type II and type III Modic changes being 1.6%, 8.2% and 0.4% respectively. Modic changes usually occurred adjacent to L4-5 discs or L5-S1 discs. The prevalence of back pain was higher in the VP group than no-VP group, VP were significantly associated with Modic changes Type II at L4/5 and at L5/S1. Conclusion VP are closely associated with back pain and Modic changes in the lower lumbar spine. Further investigations may be warranted when radiographs or CT identify a VP in a lumbar disc.

scholarly journals Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis with clinical presentations of recurrent acute abdomen. Case report and literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V I Vasilyev ◽  
S G Palshina ◽  
B D Chaltsev ◽  
S G Radenska-Lopovok ◽  
T N Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinical Presentations

The authors have described the world’s first case of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) in a 22-year-old woman with the clinical presentations of acute abdomen, which are associated with abdominal lymph nodal infiltration and necrosis, obvious constitutional disturbances (fever, nocturnal sweats, and significant weight loss), high inflammatory activity (anemia, leukocytosis, high erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels), the gradual appearance of splenic and hepatic necrotic foci, and infiltration into the lung and lacrimal glands with the development of unilateral uveitis. The patient underwent five surgical interventions, several needle biopsies for recurrent abdominal syndrome, and long-term antibiotic treatment for presumed sepsis, which had caused drug-induced hepatitis. Bacteriological examination of blood, puncture samples, and removed abdominal cavity tissues, serological tests, and immunomorphogical study of biopsy samples and removed tissues yielded negative results for the presence of bacterial, fungal, and tuberculosis infections. NSG was diagnosed on the basis of the systemic nature of the lesion, the presence of granulomas with severe abdominal lymph nodal necrosis and necrotizing granulomatous/lymphocytic vasculitis in the mesentery and removed spleen, as well as the absence of granulomas in the spleen, appendix, and biopsy materials of the liver, colonic mucosa, and parotid gland. Fludarabine therapy was first used in world practice due to the inefficient treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide and to a disease relapse when reducing their doses. The paper gives a detailed review of the literature on the clinical, laboratory, radiological, and morphological manifestations of the disease, which allow the differential diagnosis of NSG with different variants of granulomatous lesions. Based on the 5-year follow-up of the patient and on the analysis of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and morphological changes, the authors uphold the concept that the disease is an independent nosological entity: necrotizing angiitis with sarcoid reactions, rather than the entity of nodular or classic sarcoidosis.

Morphometric study of the platform elements of Amydrotaxis praejohnsoni n. sp. (Lower Devonian, conodonts, Nevada)

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Murphy ◽  
Kathleen B. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Basal Cavity

The platform element of the conodont Amydrotaxis praejohnsoni n. sp. shows statistically significant morphological changes from the base to the top of the delta Zone (Lower Devonian). The changes occur particularly in mean denticle number, height and character of the anterior denticles, and shape of the basal cavity. The earliest forms have fewer denticles ( = 7.1), an enlarged, high anterior denticle, and a broadly flared posterior basal cavity, whereas late forms have more denticles ( = 9.4), equal-sized anterior denticles, and a narrow posterior basal cavity. There is no stasis phase in the species history, but rather a mosaic pattern in which the observed changes in the character states are seemingly independent of each other and proceed at variable rates.

scholarly journals Reassessing the Role of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Formation ofEscherichia coliType II Persister Cells

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Goormaghtigh ◽  
Nathan Fraikin ◽  
Marta Putrinš ◽  
Thibaut Hallaert ◽  
Vasili Hauryliuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Fluorescence

ABSTRACTPersistence is a reversible and low-frequency phenomenon allowing a subpopulation of a clonal bacterial population to survive antibiotic treatments. Upon removal of the antibiotic, persister cells resume growth and give rise to viable progeny. Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems were assumed to play a key role in the formation of persister cells inEscherichia colibased on the observation that successive deletions of TA systems decreased persistence frequency. In addition, the model proposed that stochastic fluctuations of (p)ppGpp levels are the basis for triggering activation of TA systems. Cells in which TA systems are activated are thought to enter a dormancy state and therefore survive the antibiotic treatment. Using independently constructed strains and newly designed fluorescent reporters, we reassessed the roles of TA modules in persistence both at the population and single-cell levels. Our data confirm that the deletion of 10 TA systems does not affect persistence to ofloxacin or ampicillin. Moreover, microfluidic experiments performed with a strain reporting the induction of theyefM-yoeBTA system allowed the observation of a small number of type II persister cells that resume growth after removal of ampicillin. However, we were unable to establish a correlation between high fluorescence and persistence, since the fluorescence of persister cells was comparable to that of the bulk of the population and none of the cells showing high fluorescence were able to resume growth upon removal of the antibiotic. Altogether, these data show that there is no direct link between induction of TA systems and persistence to antibiotics.IMPORTANCEWithin a growing bacterial population, a small subpopulation of cells is able to survive antibiotic treatment by entering a transient state of dormancy referred to as persistence. Persistence is thought to be the cause of relapsing bacterial infections and is a major public health concern. Type II toxin-antitoxin systems are small modules composed of a toxic protein and an antitoxin protein counteracting the toxin activity. These systems were thought to be pivotal players in persistence until recent developments in the field. Our results demonstrate that previous influential reports had technical flaws and that there is no direct link between induction of TA systems and persistence to antibiotics.

Features of morphological changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction

1980 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
M. V. Uglova ◽  
V. N. Shlyapnikov ◽  
V. V. Sergeev ◽  
A. U. Zalmunin ◽  
E. A. Taikov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Hypertrophic Changes

Morphometric study of human cardiac neurocytes in myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis made it possible to establish that myocardial infarction causes adaptive (hypertrophic) changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart, especially pronounced on the first day of the course of the infarction; with atherosclerosis, the changes are characterized by a direction towards atrophic processes.

Morphological assessment of changes in the cornea of experimental animals after ultraviolet corneal cross-linking

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
A.R. Khalimov ◽  
◽  
E.L. Usubov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Words Cornea ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Morphological Assessment

Purpose. To investigate the dynamics of morphological changes in the rat cornea after its ultraviolet cross-linking using various photosensitizer solutions. Material and methods. Studies were conducted on 20 rats in three groups. In the first group, 0.1% Riboflavin solution was used for saturation, in the second – 0.1% Riboflavin and 20% dextran; the third – intact (control). A UV cross-linking model (370 nm, 3 mW/cm2, 10 min) with corneal deepithelization with a diameter of 3 mm was used. Histomaterial processing was performed according to the standard procedure on the 3rd, 7th, and 30th days after surgery. Histological sections 1-4 microns thick were prepared on a rotary microtome RM 2145 (Leica Microsystems, Germany), stained with hematoxylin-eosin and using the van Gieson method. Light microscopy was performed using a LEICA DM 2500 microscope with a Leica DFC 450 digital camera (Leica Microsystems, Germany). Results. The main morphological changes in the rat cornea after UV cross-linking with 0.1% Riboflavin solution were associated with loosening of bundles of collagen fibers. This was caused by the development of stroma edema in the early postoperative period (3-7 days), which persisted up to 30 days of the experiment. A morphological feature of the use of Dextralink solution in corneal cross-linking is less pronounced stroma disfoliation, which is associated with the dehydrating effect of dextran. In both groups, a decrease in the density of stroma keratocytes was found. Key words: cornea, ultraviolet corneal cross-linking, corneal morphology.

Morphological changes of intervertebral disc in relation with curve severity of patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis – a T2-weighted MRI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH Yeung ◽  
GCW Man ◽  
ALH Hung ◽  
TP Lam ◽  
JCY Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Wedge Angle ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Volumetric Images ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Curve Severity ◽  
Mri Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of intervertebral discs (IVD) and vertebral bodies (VB) in AIS girls according to the subgroups with different curve severity by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study included 33 age-matched female controls and 76 AIS girls with a right-sided thoracic curvature. Wedge angle, height ratio and distance ratio of VB and IVD were measured on the best midline coronal and sagittal planes from reformatted MRI spine. Volumes of VB, IVD and nucleus pulposus (NP) were evaluated on volumetric images. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used. There was significant difference in wedge angle and height ratio of VB and IVD between AIS and controls. In severe-AIS, the position of NP was significantly shifted to the convexity when compared with non-severe AIS and controls. Whereas, the volume of IVD and NP in severe-AIS was found to be significantly smaller. On top of coronal wedging of VB and IVD, there was significantly reduced volume of IVD and NP in severe-AIS patients, despite T2 signal of IVD was preserved. The current findings indicate that early mechanical effects on the discs and vertebrae in adolescent scoliotic spine is evident on quantitative imaging. Importantly, these patients may be vulnerable to disc degeneration if no operative treatment is prescribed.

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