A cross-sectional study of Evaluation of Malocclusion in Children Aged 8-12 years in the Village of Zakigonj, Sylhet district, Bangladesh

Malocclusion is defined as an irregularity of the teeth or a mal relationship between the dental arches beyond the range of what is accepted as normal. It has large impact on individual and society in terms of discomfort, quality of life and social and functional limitations. The etiology of malocclusion may be genetic, environmental or more commonly a combination of them. To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 8–12 years in the village of Zakigonj, Sylhet district A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted among rural area (374) school- age children of Sylhet Zakigonj Upazila in Bangladesh. A total of 374 children aged 08-12 year old was examined for Class I, Class II, Class III molar relationship, increased over jet, increased over bite, open bite, crowding, cross bite and spacing after obtaining the written consent from the students, legal guardians and school authorities. The majority 173(70.0%) patients were found malocclusion in age <10 years and 89(70.1%) in age >10 years. Majority 121(69.9%) participants were found Angle’s class I in age <10 years and 75(84.3%) in age >10 years. One hundred six (61.3%) patients were found crowding of malocclusion in age <10 years and 67(75.3%) in age >10 years group. Which were not statistically significant (p<0.05) but increased overjet, open bite, cross bite and spacing were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups. The results suggested that there is increased prevalence of malocclusion among children in the 8–12 years age group. The observation of this study will provide baseline data for implement early interceptive treatment for the elimination of factors inhibiting dental arch development as well as skeletal jaw growth. Keywords: Malocclusion, Village, genetic, environmental Keyword : Malocclusion, Village, genetic, environmental

Inveterate elbow dislocation: surgical reduction with triceps lengthening

Inveterate elbow dislocations remain common in developing countries. We report the case of a 17-year-old child who consulted us after six months of trauma to the left elbow. Clinical examination revealed a deformed elbow, locked in extension with a mobility sector of 5°. The Mayo Clinic Elbow performance score was sixty-six; the downstream vasculo-nervous examination was normal. The face and profile X-ray of the elbow showed a pure posterolateral elbow dislocation. We used the posterior medial para-tricipital and lateral approach, a first stage of arthrolysis was performed. A complete reduction was achieved by progressive and non-traumatic gentle maneuvers. Intraoperative elbow flexion was less than 80°, indicating a retraction of the triceps muscle, so a Z-lengthening plasty was necessary. This reduction was then fixed with two olecranon-humeral K-wires. At the third week, the plaster cast and K-wires were removed. The patient was subsequently referred to a physical therapist. After a ten-month follow-up, an undistorted and functional elbow with a gain of twenty-one points according to the Mayo Clinic score was obtained. Surgical reduction of a neglected elbow dislocation with triceps lengthening plasty, followed by a codified physical therapy program, results in a remarkable restoration of elbow function and stability. Keyword : elbow, dislocation, inveterate, reduction, triceps.

Societal Usage Of Antibiotics In The Syrian Coastal Region During 2021

This study is based on an electronic questionnaire about the use of antibiotics. It investigates the knowledge about antibiotics and their resistance among the Syrian coastal people. 639 individuals responded to the questionnaire. The results show that there is fairly good information about those drugs. Yet, there is much to be done to spread the awareness in the whole community, especially with regards to enact laws that prohibit antibiotics purchase without a prescription. Doctors on the other hand, should give antibiotics only on necessity. People also have to be well educated about antibiotics resistance, which is an inevitable consequence to the misuse of those drugs. Keywords: Antibiotics, Misuse, Resistance, Awareness, Infection. Keyword : Antibiotics, Misuse, Resistance, Awareness, Infection.

THE APPLICATION OF THE DISTAL POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY PERFORATOR FLAPS IN CHRONICS WOUNDS

INTRODUCTION: The reconstruction of lesions in the distal third of the leg is one of the challenges for surgeons. In this scenario, the use of posterior tibial perforator flaps is being used more and more in surgical practice due to their versatility and aesthetic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research consists of an integrative review carried out from a bibliographic survey in the PUBMED and Virtual Health Library (BVS) search platforms. After reading the full 20 articles in total, an overlap of four articles present in the two searches was observed, thus resulting in a total of 16 articles included in this review. RESULTS: The treatment of chronic lower limb wounds caused by infection, diabetes mellitus and osteomyelitis has always been a formidable task. Perforator-free flaps are generally recommended as the therapy of choice in the treatment of chronic lower limb wounds. DISCUSSION: The advantages of the application of the posterior tibial artery skin flap is ideal for small leg defects to reconstruct the exposed bone and tendon. As it is local tissue, it substitutes as tissue. The distal posterior tibial artery perforator flap is a beneficial technique, in the plastic and reconstructive surgery field, especially for the treatment of chronic lower extremity wounds. Keyword : CHRONIC WOUNDS, DISTAL POSTERIAL TIBIAL ARTERY, PERFORATOR FLAP, PLASTIC SURGERY

Transportation & Rising Public Health Concerns in America

Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States, as it causes a variety of serious health problems including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, some cancers, kidney disease, and more. In the United States, obesity has been on the rise for decades and has shown no sign of slowing down. The epidemic disproportionately affects low-income and minority individuals. One factor contributing to this health disparity is inadequate public and private transportation among such communities, making access to supermarkets (which carry fresh, healthy produce) less attainable. Solving the obesity epidemic in the United States will require significant government support and will likely take a combination of efforts to improve multiple contributing factors: corporate marketing, city zoning, supermarket pricing, transportation, etc. This review discusses the consequences – and potential solutions - of one aspect of the obesity epidemic: transportation. This focus of this paper is on the United States, but its content has international relevance relating to transportation’s effects on public health as a whole. Keyword : Obesity Epidemic, Transportation, Public Health, Public Policy, Nutrition

STUDY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER IN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC BETWEEN 2008-2012

The study included an epidemiological survey of cancer cases in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period between 2008-2012. The study was conducted according to international standards established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the International Association of Cancer Records (IACR). The data were collected and classified according to age, gender, place of incidence and city of residence. Then they were scheduled, graphically illustrated, and statistically analysed. 46447 new cancer cases were reported during the period of study; 24240 cases among males, 22207 cases among females and 2008 cases between children (<15 years old). The data showed an increase in the new reported cases between 2008 and 2010, and that increment was followed by a decline in the total reported cases until 2012. The survey indicated that breast cancer was the most common type of cancer among females, while lung cancer was the most widespread among males. As for children, the highest incidence rate in the referred period was for leukaemia. Regarding the place of residense, Damascus ranked first in the number of reported case cancers, followed by Aleppo and Rural areas in Damascus. Keyword : oncology, breast cancer, lung cancer, C.N.S cancer, leukaemia

SARS-COV-2 Pandemic in Syria: Symptoms and Treatments

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 has caused global pandemic that resulted in a dramatic loss of human life worldwide. The first human case was reported in December 2019 in China, and while the first case in Syria was confirmed on March 2020. By July 1st, 2021, 25551 cases were reported in Syria with 1879 deaths. The most common symptoms of covid-19 are fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Some patients may endure from musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and dermatologic symptoms. Many drugs (including antibiotics, corticosteroids, antiviral and Immunomodulatory drugs) have been evaluated and recommended to be used in COVID-19 treatment, resulting in clinical recovery. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Syria, pandemic, remdesivir, corticosteroids, antiviral Keyword : SARS-CoV-2, Syria, pandemic, remdesivir, corticosteroids, antiviral