Whole-Geme Duplications in Apple and Pear and Its Implications on Pome Fruit Evolution and Diversification of Malinae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Fruit Evolution

scholarly journals Cinnamon Oil Inhibits Penicillium expansum Growth by Disturbing the Carbohydrate Metabolic Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Tongfei Lai ◽  
Yangying Sun ◽  
Yaoyao Liu ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Yuanzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest pathogen that mainly threatens the global pome fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, the antifungal effects and potential mechanism of cinnamon oil against P. expansum were investigated. Results indicated that 0.25 mg L−1 cinnamon oil could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, conidial production, mycelial accumulation, and expansion of P. expansum. In addition, it could effectively control blue mold rots induced by P. expansum in apples. Cinnamon oil could also reduce the expression of genes involved in patulin biosynthesis. Through a proteomic quantitative analysis, a total of 146 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, most of which were down-regulated, were noticed for their large number and functional significance. Meanwhile, the expressions of 14 candidate genes corresponding to DEPs and the activities of six key regulatory enzymes (involving in cellulose hydrolyzation, Krebs circle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway) showed a similar trend in protein levels. In addition, extracellular carbohydrate consumption, intracellular carbohydrate accumulation, and ATP production of P. expansum under cinnamon oil stress were significantly decreased. Basing on the correlated and mutually authenticated results, we speculated that disturbing the fungal carbohydrate metabolic process would be partly responsible for the inhibitory effects of cinnamon oil on P. expansum growth. The findings would provide new insights into the antimicrobial mode of cinnamon oil.

Incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in commercial pear orchards in China and in Pyrus betulifolia seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ma ◽  
Qi Zeng ◽  
Wenting Huang ◽  
Shengyuan Wang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Pome Fruit

scholarly journals Methods for the Quantification of Resistance of Apple Genotypes to European Fruit Tree Canker Caused by Neonectria ditissima

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2012-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wenneker ◽  
P. W. Goedhart ◽  
P. van der Steeg ◽  
W. E. van de Weg ◽  
H. J. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Lesion Growth ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Parallel Tests

European fruit tree canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is an important disease of pome fruit worldwide. Apple cultivars differ in their levels of susceptibility to N. ditissima. In order to design an effective plant resistance test, we examined the effectiveness of two resistance parameters: infection frequency and lesion growth. Both parameters were evaluated in parallel tests using 10 apple cultivars in three experimental years, applying seminatural infection of leaf scars (infection frequency) or inoculation of artificial wounds (lesion growth). We compared six parameters for lesion growth, of which a new parameter, lesion growth rate (LGR), appeared to be the best with respect to reproducibility and statistical significance. LGR is defined as the slope of the regression of lesion size versus time. The slope was estimated for each lesion, employing a common start date and a lesion-specific end date determined by the girdling of the lesion. The two parameters (infection frequency and LGR) were examined in separate experiments and in three successive years, and provided complementary information and resulted in reproducible conclusions on the relative resistance levels to N. ditissima of the tested cultivars. The presented methods can be used to develop strategies for the control of European fruit tree canker (e.g., in the breeding of new apple cultivars with high levels of resistance to N. ditissima).

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Five Antimicrobial Peptides against the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Rafael J. Mendes ◽  
Laura Regalado ◽  
João P. Luz ◽  
Natália Tassi ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Pome Fruit

Fire blight is a major pome fruit trees disease that is caused by the quarantine phytopathogenic Erwinia amylovora, leading to major losses, namely, in pear and apple productions. Nevertheless, no effective sustainable control treatments and measures have yet been disclosed. In that regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an alternative biomolecule against pathogens but some of those AMPs have yet to be tested against E. amylovora. In this study, the potential of five AMPs (RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) together with BP100, were assessed to control E. amylovora. Antibiograms, minimal inhibitory, and bactericidal concentrations (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth and IC50 were determined and membrane permeabilization capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and colony-forming units (CFUs) plate counting. For the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for RW-BP100 and CA-M (5 and 5–8 µM, respectively for both MIC and MBC), whilst for IC50 RW-BP100 presented higher efficiency (2.8 to 3.5 µM). Growth curves for the first concentrations bellow MIC showed that these AMPs delayed E. amylovora growth. Flow cytometry disclosed faster membrane permeabilization for CA-M. These results highlight the potential of RW-BP100 and CA-M AMPs as sustainable control measures against E. amylovora.

Multicriteria evaluation of innovative IPM systems in pome fruit in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Caffi ◽  
H.H.M. Helsen ◽  
V. Rossi ◽  
I.J. Holb ◽  
J. Strassemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Multicriteria Evaluation

scholarly journals Multi-view Probabilistic Segmentation of Pome Fruit with a Low-Cost RGB-D Camera

2017 ◽  
pp. 320-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Ramon Soria ◽  
Fouad Sukkar ◽  
Wolfram Martens ◽  
B. C. Arrue ◽  
Robert Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pome Fruit

scholarly journals Parasitic wasps as natural enemies of aphid populations in the Mashhad region of Iran: New data from DNA barcodes and SEM

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Darsouei ◽  
Javad Karimi ◽  
Mehdi Modarres-Awal
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Preliminary Identification

DNA barcoding is a modern method for the identification of different species, including insects. Among animals, the major emphasis of DNA barcoding is on insects. Due to this global trend we addressed this approach for surveying a group of insects. The parasitic wasps (including primary and hyperparasitoids) of pome fruit orchard aphids were collected from Iran-Mashhad during 2009-2010. Preliminary identification of this group was performed by using morphological and morphometric characters and SEM. The COI gene in the specimens was amplified and sequenced. In this survey, Aphidius matricariae, Binodoxys angelicae, Diaeretiella rapae, Ephedrus persicae, Lysiphlebus fabarum and Praon volucre parasitoids and Alloxysta sp., Asaphes suspensus, Dendrocerus carpenteri, Pachyneuron aphidis, Syrphophagus aphidivorus hyperparasitoids were studied. Based on intra-interspecies distances and phylogenetic analysis using NJ, all species possess diagnostic barcode sequences. The results of this study show that the COI sequence could be useful in identification study of this group of insects. Here we have provided the first GenBank data for the COI gene of the above-mentioned hyperparasitoids as well as an initial attempt toward preparing DNA barcodes for Iranian parasitoid and hyperparasitoid aphids.

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