scholarly journals EFFECT OF CREDIT RATING ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE: A STUDY ON NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS IN PAKISTAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
The Impact

Purpose- Aim of this study was to investigate whether the credit rating is an important determinant other than the firm's characteristic to obtain optimal capital structure focusing on the research hypothesis that the firms with higher credit along with the other factors (FTOA, ROA and Size) tend to have more debt in their capital structure of firms rated by P?CR? and Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). Methodology/Sample- For this research, sample size of 48 observations (3 years data of 16 firms) was taken on the basis of convenience sampling. Results obtained by using Ordinary Least Square Model (OLS) as statistical tool to test the hypothesis Findings- Analysis clearly suggested that credit ratings do have an impact on firm's capital structure. It was concluded that firms with higher credit ratings along with other factors (FTOA, ROA and Size) do not tend to have more debt in their capital structure. Implications- Outcomes of this research might help investors, debtors and other stakeholders of the firms (rated by PACRA) to understand the impact of credit rating on firm's debt ratio and the overall dynamics and mechanism of capital structure.

Role of Credit Rating in determining Capital structure: Evidence from Non-Financial sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ali ◽  
Imran Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

This paper aims to examine the impact of external credit ratings on the financial decisions of the firms in Pakistan.  This study uses the annual data of 70 non-financial firms for the period 2012-2018. It uses ordinary least square (OLS) to estimate the impact of credit rating on capital structure. The results show that rated firm has a high level of leverage. Moreover, Profitability and tanagability are also found to be a significantly negative determinant of the capital structure, whereas, size of the firm has a significant positive relationship with the capital structure of the firm.  Besides, there exists a non-linear relationship between the credit rating and the capital structure. The rated firms have higher leverage as compared to the non-rated firms. The high and low rated firms have a low level of leverage, while mid rated firms have a higher leverage ratio. The finding of the study have practical implications for the manager; they can have easier access to the financial market by just having a credit rating no matter high or low. Policymakers must stress upon the rating agencies to keep improving themselves as their rating severs as the measure to judge the creditworthiness of the firm by both the investors and management as well.

scholarly journals The impact of credit ratings on capital structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-245
Author(s):  
Bora Aktan ◽  
Şaban Çelik ◽  
Yomna Abdulla ◽  
Naser Alshakhoori
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effect of real credit ratings change on capital structure decisions. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three models to examine the impact of credit rating on capital structure decisions within the framework of credit rating-capital structure hypotheses (broad rating, notch rating and investment or speculative grade). These hypotheses are tested by multiple linear regression models. Findings The results demonstrate that firms issue less net debt relative to equity post a change in the broad credit ratings level (e.g. a change from A- to BBB+). The findings also show that firms are less concerned by notch ratings change as long the firms remain the same broad credit rating level. Moreover, the paper indicates that firms issue less net debt relative to equity after an upgrade to investment grade. Research limitations/implications The study covers the periods of 2009 to 2016; therefore, the research result may be affected by the period specific events such as the European debt crisis. Moreover, studying listed non-financial firms only in the Tadawul Stock Exchange has resulted in small sample which may not be adequate enough to reach concrete generalization. Despite the close proximity between the GCC countries, there could be jurisdictional difference due to country specific regulations, policies or financial development. Therefore, it will be interesting to conduct a cross country study on the GCC to see if the conclusions can be generalized to the region. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by testing previous researches on new context (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA) which lack sophisticated comparable studies to the one conducted on other regions of the world. The results highlight the importance of credit ratings for the decision makers who are required to make essential decisions in areas such as financing, structuring or operating firms and regulating markets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that has been applied on the GCC region.

scholarly journals Empirical Investigation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Target Adjustment Models: Capital Structure of Non-Financial Firms in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar K. Abu Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
Target Leverage ◽  
The Impact

The different capital structure theories propose the possible asymmetric behavior of capital structure. Thus, this paper empirically investigates whether non-financial Jordanian firms follow symmetrical or asymmetrical adjustment model. Then, an interaction model with the size and profitability (firm characteristics) investigated the impact of low/high profit and small/large size on the adjustment of leverage towards the target leverage ratio. This paper covered the period of 14 years (2002-2015) for a total of 110 companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (75 industrial and 35 services). Results indicate that although Jordanian firms seek a target leverage ratio, their adjustment towards that target is Asymmetrical and high profitable and large companies tend to adjust faster than low profitable and small size companies.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL OVERCONFIDENCE ON CORPORATE INVESTMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Mochamad Ali Fudin Al Islami ◽  
Muhammad Madyan
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Corporate Investment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Managerial Overconfidence ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to analyze the impact of managerial overconfidence on corporate investment (investment scale, overinvestment and underinvestment) using companies listed in Indonesia’s Stock Exchange in 2012-2018 as a sample. The analysis method used Ordinary Least Square and robustness test used Maximum Likelihood  Estimation. The result shows that managerial overconfidence has a significantly positive impact on the corporate investment scale. It means that managerial overconfidence makes overinvestment problem more severe (more inefficient) and underinvestment problem less severe (more efficient).

scholarly journals The effect of ownership structure on leverage with credit rating as a moderating variable

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Harjum Muharam ◽  
Galuh Kusuma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on leverage with credit rating as a moderating variable. The ownership structure used in this study is government ownership and managerial ownership. Leverage is measured using a debt to assets ratio (DAR). Credit rating uses ratings issued by PEFINDO.The sample used in this study was companies rated by PEFINDO and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The number of samples used were 53 companies determined using a purposive sampling method. The analysis using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis indicated that government ownership does not affect leverage, and the credit rating does not moderate the relationship between government ownership and leverage. Managerial ownership has a negative effect on leverage, and the credit rating moderates the relationship between managerial ownership and leverage

scholarly journals Does Credit Rating Matter on Risk Disclosure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunyamin Bunyamin ◽  
Dwi Nita Aryani ◽  
Imama Zuchroh ◽  
Suko Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Public Banks

This research investigates the partial and simultaneous the influence of leverage, profitability, credit rating on risk disclosure. This research involved thirteen public banks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2019. Risk disclosure is measured by counting risk keywords in each annual report. The panel data analysis was employed to test the effect of Leverage (X1), Profitability (X2), and Credit Rating (X3) on Risk Disclosure (Y). Hypotheses testing used multiple linear regression or OLS (Ordinary Least Square). The finding indicates that Leverage and Credit Rating do not influence Risk Disclosure. Leverage, Profitability, and Credit Rating simultaneously influence Risk Disclosure. 

scholarly journals INTEREST RATE REGIME AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE NIGERIAN CAPITAL MARKET

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edirin Jeroh ◽  
C. M. Ekwueme
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Policy Review ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

This study x-ray’s the interest rates regime in Nigeria as it affects the performance of the Nigerian Capital Market. In order to achieve this objective, relevant data for a period of 33 years spanning from 1981 – 2013 were obtained from the Factbook of the Nigerian Stock Exchange, CBN Statistical Bulletin as well as the annual accounts of quoted firms for the relevant years. The data obtained were analysed with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. The result from our analysis reveal among others that changes in interest rate regimes have majorly influenced the level of the performance of the Nigerian Capital Market. Based on the above, we recommend that capital market regulators and other regulatory agencies should keep an eye on movements in interest rates and the Minimum Rediscount Rate (MRR) (now MPR) and watch their trend. We also recommend that efforts must be put in place to establish a policy review and reassessment mechanism that would help in assessing the impact of selected policy measures on the economy so that policy makers would know the effectiveness and efficiency of designed policies and be guided in the policy review and development process in the country.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance and Firm’s Profitability: An Emerging Economy-based Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rajon Meah ◽  
Nasir Uddin Chaudhory
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Director Ownership ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to investigate the impact of corporate governance through board size, female directors, family duality and director ownership on firm’s profitability in Bangladesh. It’s a quantitative study on 110 manufacturing firms listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange. Multivariate pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regressions are applied on 512 sample-year observations from the year 2013 to 2017 to test the hypotheses in the study. On one side, the results reveal that larger board size and female directors on board are positively associated with firm’s profitability, which in turns helps to enhance firm’s profitability. On the other side, it is also found in the results that percentage of shares held by the directors and family duality are negatively related to firm’s profitability and thus reduces firm performance. The outcomes of this study advocate the policymakers to formulate a policy by addressing the percentage of shares held by the directors to be kept at a certain level.

Dynamic Model of Optimal Capital Structure: Evidence from Nigerian Listed Firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubi Ahmad ◽  
Oyebola Fatima Etudaiye-Muhtar
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Tax Shield ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Optimal Capital

Examination of optimal capital structure in financial markets with imperfections suggests that when deviations from optimal capital structure occur, adjustment costs may prevent firms from moving towards target capital structure. However, previous studies on the capital structure of non-financial firms in Nigeria did not consider these imperfections and adjustment costs. It is against this background that this study investigates the dynamic adjustment to target capital structure by non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. By utilizing a framework that provides for the determination of adjustment costs, the results reveal the existence of dynamic adjustment to optimal capital structure suggesting attempts made by the sampled firms to maximize shareholders wealth. A comparison of the adjustment costs with those of firms in more developed economies shows that Nigerian firms have higher costs of adjustment indicating that the level of development of the market is important in lowering transaction costs. In addition, tangibility of assets, non-debt tax shield, growth opportunity, firm size, profitability and inflation significantly influence Nigerian firms’ optimal capital structure.

scholarly journals Determinants of Capital Structure in Industrial Companies: Conservative Policy—Applied Study on Jordanian Industrial for the Period (2014-2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Al Abbadi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

The study aimed to define the factors that determinate the capital structure for industrial companies in Jordan. By depending on theoretical references and literature review that related to capital structure, and to define the determinants that influenced the capital structure by depending on statistical analysis. The study used 15 companies of Amman stock exchange for the period 2014-2016. The study concluded multiple results. The most importantly, there is significant impact of profitability, interest rates, and the amount of tangible assets. And there is impact of investment opportunities, the size of company and to the adoption of conservative policy according to the comprehensive concept of indebtedness in building capital structure. There was no possible impact for financial distress. The study proposed recommendations. The most important recommendations are studying the underlying causes of reduction long term debt ratio to the total assets of many public share holding companies. Urging financial managers to study the capital structure and the factors that determinate it, in order to manage the capital structure of the companies according to scientific methodology. Urging companies to use Islamic instruments for funding the tangible assets .As it is appropriate to the prevailing economic conditions in the market in terms of profit rates. It is necessary to confirm the existence of a credit rating classification from international credit agencies that helps in issuance of instruments and corporate bonds, or to obtain credit. Urging companies using rent ending in ownership or finance leasing; and urging companies of tangible assets to obtain funding from Islamic and commercial banks especially, when the cost of borrowing and Islamic funding is less than the cost of the issuance of shares. The study suggested studying the determinate factors that makes some companies following the conservative policy in building the capital structure, and in maintaining high cash balances. The study affected the impact of the existence of financial organizations as board of directors in public shareholding companies determine and study the factors of building the capital structure.

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