scholarly journals KRISTUS YANG SUCI (Usaha Rancang Bangun Kristologi Bagi Keyakinan Leluhur Batak/Parmalim)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Marlon Butarbutar
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
European Society ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian People

Yesus Kristus adalah Tuhan dan penyelamat, sebuah credo yang paling tua dalam sejarah Kristologi. Masyarakat Eropa sangat memahami credo ini, memang proses lahir dan berkembangnya pengakuan ini menjadi satu doktrin telah melewati perjalanan perdebatan panjang. Credo ini dibawa orang Kristen Eropa ke berbagai negera ke mana mereka pergi. Ternyata respon yang muncul sangar beragam, kendati kalimat credo ini masih tetap dapat diterjemahkan ke dalam berbagai bahasa, namun usaha untuk membangun keyakinan yang sama dengan tempat di mana credo ini dimunculkan, tidak segampang menjelaskan arti kalimatnya secara etimologi dan terminologi. Untuk membangun pemahaman mengenai Kristus dengan segala predikatnya, memerlukan usaha yang harus memahami cultur masyarakat itu. Jika tidak maka pemahaman terhadap Yesus Kristus akan memiliki rumusan yang berbeda-beda. Usaha menjelaskan Kritus dengan berbagai identitas dan predikatnya akan mengalami kesulitan jika hanya memaksakan pengertian yang terkandung di dalamnya. Ternyata setiap masyarakat di dunia ini memiliki kerangka berpikir yang dapat memudahkan orang memahami konsep Kristus. Demikian dengan masyarakat Asia pada umumnya, yang kita pahami sangat religius, bagi masyarakat Asia sesungguhnya tidak asing dengan cerita dewa yang menjelma, dewa yang melakukan berbagai perbuatan sakti, dewa yang menuntut para pengikutnya untuk taat dan setia.   Jesus Christ is God and savior, the oldest credo in the history of Christology. European society really understands this credo, indeed the process of birth and development of this recognition into a doctrine has gone through a long debate. This creed was brought by European Christians to various countries where they went. It turns out that the responses that emerge are fierce, although this credo sentence can still be translated into various languages, but efforts to build the same belief in the place where the credo is raised, it is not easy to explain the meaning of the sentence etymologically and terminologically. To build an understanding of Christ with all its predicates, it requires effort that must understand the culture of the community. If not, then understanding of Jesus Christ will have a different formula. Efforts to explain Christ with its various identities and predicates will experience difficulties if they only force the understanding contained therein. It turns out that every society in the world has a frame of mind that can make it easier for people to understand the concept of Christ. Likewise with Asian society in general, which we understand to be very religious, for Asian people are actually no strangers to stories of incarnate gods, deities who perform various acts of magic, deities who demanded their followers to be obedient and loyal.

scholarly journals KRISTUS YANG SUCI (Usaha Rancang Bangun Kristologi Bagi Keyakinan Leluhur Batak/Parmalim)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Marlon Butar-butar
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
European Society ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian People

Yesus Kristus adalah Tuhan dan penyelamat, sebuah credo yang paling tua dalam sejarah Kristologi. Masyarakat Eropa sangat memahami credo ini, memang proses lahir dan berkembangnya pengakuan ini menjadi satu doktrin telah melewati perjalanan perdebatan panjang. Credo ini dibawa orang Kristen Eropa ke berbagai negera ke mana mereka pergi. Ternyata respon yang muncul sangar beragam, kendati kalimat credo ini masih tetap dapat diterjemahkan ke dalam berbagai bahasa, namun usaha untuk membangun keyakinan yang sama dengan tempat di mana credo ini dimunculkan, tidak segampang menjelaskan arti kalimatnya secara etimologi dan terminologi. Untuk membangun pemahaman mengenai Kristus dengan segala predikatnya, memerlukan usaha yang harus memahami cultur masyarakat itu. Jika tidak maka pemahaman terhadap Yesus Kristus akan memiliki rumusan yang berbeda-beda. Usaha menjelaskan Kritus dengan berbagai identitas dan predikatnya akan mengalami kesulitan jika hanya memaksakan pengertian yang terkandung di dalamnya. Ternyata setiap masyarakat di dunia ini memiliki kerangka berpikir yang dapat memudahkan orang memahami konsep Kristus. Demikian dengan masyarakat Asia pada umumnya, yang kita pahami sangat religius, bagi masyarakat Asia sesungguhnya tidak asing dengan cerita dewa yang menjelma, dewa yang melakukan berbagai perbuatan sakti, dewa yang menuntut para pengikutnya untuk taat dan setia.   Jesus Christ is God and savior, the oldest credo in the history of Christology. European society really understands this credo, indeed the process of birth and development of this recognition into a doctrine has gone through a long debate. This creed was brought by European Christians to various countries where they went. It turns out that the responses that emerge are fierce, although this credo sentence can still be translated into various languages, but efforts to build the same belief in the place where the credo is raised, it is not easy to explain the meaning of the sentence etymologically and terminologically. To build an understanding of Christ with all its predicates, it requires effort that must understand the culture of the community. If not, then understanding of Jesus Christ will have a different formula. Efforts to explain Christ with its various identities and predicates will experience difficulties if they only force the understanding contained therein. It turns out that every society in the world has a frame of mind that can make it easier for people to understand the concept of Christ. Likewise with Asian society in general, which we understand to be very religious, for Asian people are actually no strangers to stories of incarnate gods, deities who perform various acts of magic, deities who demanded their followers to be obedient and loyal.

scholarly journals Sejarah Penafsiran Ajaran Paulus Mengenai Pembenaran Oleh Iman

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-175
Author(s):  
Warseto Freddy Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Justification By Faith ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Wrath Of God ◽  
The Church

AbstractNo one can be justified before God for doing good deeds. No matter how good a man is, if he does not believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, he will not be saved from the wrath of God to come. There is no human being who is right before God, and no sinful man can save himself in any way. The only way out is in the way that God has given to the problem of all sinners, by sending Jesus Christ to the world to die for sinners. "And for this he came, so that every man believed in him, who was sent by God" (John 6:29). The Bible teaches that salvation is only obtained because of faith in Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the object of that faith. This salvation is known as the statement "Justified by faith. Paul explained this teaching in each of his writings. This teaching of justification by faith has been repeatedly denied by some people who disagree with Paul's opinion. The history of the church from the early centuries to the present has proven the variety of understandings that have emerged from this teaching, but one important thing is that sinful humans are justified by their faith in Jesus Christ before God.Keywords: Paul;history; justified by faith.AbstrakTidak ada seorang pun yang dapat dibenarkan di hadapan Allah karena telah melakukan perbuatan baik. Sebaik apa pun manusia, jika dia tidak percaya kepada Yesus Kristus, Anak Allah maka ia tidak akan selamat dari murka Allah yang akan datang. Tidak ada seorang pun manusia yang benar di hadapan Allah, dan tidak ada seorang manusia berdosa yang dapat menyelematkan dirinya sendiri dengan cara apa pun. Satu-satunya jalan keluar adalah dengan cara yang Allah telah berikan untuk masalah semua orang berdosa, yaitu dengan mengutus Yesus Kristus ke dunia untuk mati bagi orang berdosa. “Dan untuk itulah Dia datang, yaitu supaya setiap orang percaya kepada Dia, yang telah diutus oleh Allah” (Yohanes 6:29). Alkitab mengajarkan bahwa keselamatan hanya diperoleh karena iman kepada Yesus Kristus. Yesus Kristus adalah obyek iman tersebut. Keselamatan ini dikenal dengan pernyataan “Dibenarkan karena iman. Paulus menjelaskan ajaran ini dalam setiap tulisannya. Ajaran pembenaran oleh iman ini telah berulang kali disangkal oleh beberap orang yang tidak setuju dengan pendapat Paulus. Sejarah gereja mulai dari abad permulaan sampai pada masa sekarang ini telah membuktikan beragamnya pemahaman yang muncul terhadap ajaran ini, namun satu hal yang terpenting adalah bahwa manusia berdosa dibenarkan oleh iman mereka kepada Yesus Kristus di hadapan Allah.Kata Kunci: Paulus; sejarah; iman; dibenarkan oleh iman.

Renaissance Poverty and Lazarillo's Family : The Birth of the Picaresque Genre

PMLA ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
European Society ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Literature

In the history of literature the change from the idealized worlds of the shepherd and the knight to the world of the pícaro; from arcadia and chivalry to the desolate urban landscape of misery and hunger; from romance to irony—in fact, the Copernican revolution that produced a new genre—could only have been born of an upheaval that affected men’s lives and forced educated writers to see conditions they had so far ignored. This change stemmed from an increased awareness of human misery, which the urban growth of the Renaissance had made highly visible. The genius of the Spanish author of the Lazarillo consists in his having found the literary voice for such a profound transformation of European society. The Lazarillo, of course, did not annihilate the past, but it gave artistic form to the all-pervading crisis that was destroying the basis of the traditional order.

scholarly journals The European present as World history

2007 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Göran Therborn
Keyword(s):  
European Society ◽  
World History ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
World Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Society Today

The task of analyzing European society may be approached from many angles. The one chosen here is a global comparative perspective, an effort to step outside the tempting but myopic and often misleading familiarity of inside experience. Let us look at European society today as part of world history. What does it mean to grasp the present as history? It means to look out for how the current situation is related to the past, and, above all, to the future. We shall here try to locate Europe in the history of modernity, and, secondly, in the dynamics of the world systems, systems in plural, as I shall explain later.

scholarly journals ‘WAR AS REMEDY OR POISON’: READING THE BLIND MAN'S GARDEN AND THE KITE RUNNER WITH A CRITICAL LENS OF MBEMBE’S NECROPOLITICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584
Author(s):  
Sara Iqbal Kakar ◽  
Humaira Riaz ◽  
Nayab Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian People

Purpose of the Study: This study emphasizes the contribution of fiction in highlighting the American exercise of power around the world predominantly Pakistan and Afghanistan. It investigates how America has become a dictating body deciding the life and death of human beings mainly in South Asian developing countries. Methodology: Being Qualitative, this study uses Eaglestone’s (2000) close reading technique to analyze words and structure of the texts of Khalid Hosseini's The Kite Runner and Nadeem Aslam Khan’s The Blind Man’s Garden. It develops a descriptive thesis leading to construct arguments by drawing a theoretical framework from Mbembe’s necropolitics (2003). Mbembe took his inspiration from Foucault’s idea of bio-power. Modern narrative discourse on sovereignty and its relation to war is taken as the main subject of necropolitics. Mbembe’s idea of sovereignty as an exercise to get control of the mortality of the enemy helps to interpret the texts via the close reading method. Main Findings: This study evaluated two novels to assert that necropolitics by taking its four basic concepts, power, war, politics, and death was the actual controlling power of a country. It analyzed fictional characters to argue how individuals endured hardships because of the necropolitical exercise of America and Russia in Afghanistan. Mbembe’s conception of necropolitics helps in understanding fiction. Applications of this study: The present study has significant implications from both theoretical and interpretative perspectives. Necropolitics, originally a political notion is reworked in fiction, which asserts that using this concept, power relations, their roots, and exercise around the world can be explored in various fields. This study contributes to dismantling the latent necropolitics in the society represented in fiction. It elevates the social and political consciousness of the general public of South Asia, particularly Pakistan and Afghanistan. This study can be helpful in the field of psychology to popularize the notion of necropolitics in contemporary society. Novelty/Originality of this study: Comparatively a new field, Necropolitics has been discussed in the fields of medical sciences and education. This study significantly highlights its existence in the field of literary studies. Fiction as a direct reflection of society helps in deconstructing the prevailing exercise of necropolitics in South Asian society. It is also helpful in raising the social and political consciousness of South Asian people.

Theological principles in the epic of Jesus

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (S-2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Raja Sornam` T
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Sermon On The Mount ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Jesus Christ is one of the most remarkable in the history of the world, the "sovereign" of many who enriched spiritual morality. Many scholars have created the biography of Jesus and a portion of the epic as a book. Among them were Veeramamunivar, The works of Krishnapillai, John Palm, Kannadasan and Nirmala Suresh are remarkable. The bead of this epic is the Sermon on the Mount of Jesus Christ. This hill fall is also referred to as 'Puratchi Osai'.  The purpose of this article is to know the principles of the ology that jesus compares the blessed part of the epic mountain shower and the biblical gospel with it.

scholarly journals Combinatory Christology

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Evers
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

This article aims to present Christology not as an add-on to monotheism, but as its specific Christian form. What Christ means can only be explained with reference to God and vice versa; what God stands for in a Christian sense has to be explained with reference to Jesus Christ and not with reference to generic religious terms. Christology thus informs and forms the Christian understanding of how to relate God and reality. Therefore, Christology has to be developed as combinatory Christology bringing different dimensions of reality including scientific and evolutionary perspectives into creative interplay. Theology is an ‘art of combination’ (Dalferth 1991:18), which in ever new ways relates traditions of faith with theoretical and historical knowledge in order to find relevant ways of understanding God’s presence in the world, to articulate the Christian faith in a meaningful way and to form our ways of living in such a way as to conform to God’s passion for the life of God’s creatures. This article wants to lay grounds for such an endeavour by re-evaluating the history of Christology and combining this analysis with present day challenges.

The Function of "Models" in the Interpretation of Pentecostal Thought

Pneuma ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. William Faupel
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
World View ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

AbstractThese then, I believe are the motifs which provided the framework by which the early message was moulded. The four names of the movement supplied: 1. The Doctrinal content; 2. The World-view; 3. A Restoration theme; and 4. The Experiential application. The names assigned to the message rooted all the motifs in an eschatological perspective. Thus The Word and Witness could correctly declare in 1914: 'This Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness, and then shall the end coe.' We believe under God this is the great message for these days. Baptized saints are agreed and confidently assured that we are on the threshold of the greatest event in the history of the world, viz: the imminent appearing of Jesus Christ to catch away his waiting Bride. 1

Mission As Service to Life: Reflections From an African Worldview

Exchange ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-198
Author(s):  
Benedict Ssettuuma
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
The World ◽  
African Worldview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Church Activity ◽  
Pro Life

AbstractThis article discusses mission as service to life. The author developing from the African worldview whose centrality is life, argues that the question of life permeates the history of salvation and is at the heart of the Christian mission as Jesus Christ the Perfect Revealer of God indicates ( John 10:10). The author concludes that life thus unites both the African worldview and the Christian mission; consequently mission becomes God's lifegiving activities directed to the world and the church's mandate of service to life under His guiding power. Such understanding gives new meaning to church activity in Africa and unites all her undertakings for this one purpose that all may come to get life to the full. It suggests that all that is anti-life is to be fought and rejected while all that is pro-life and leads all to acquire life in its fullness must be promoted and cultivated.

Muḥammad the Paraclete and ʿAlī the Messiah: New Remarks on the Origins of Islam and of Shiʿite Imamology

Der Islam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Ali Amir-Moezzi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
End Of The World

Abstract: For all those interested in the religious history of the Near and Middle East during Late Antiquity, the advent of Muḥammad in Arabia and the beginnings of Islam are exciting fields of research. The present study tries to put these subjects into perspective within the broad historical and spiritual context of the 6th and 7th centuries. It is based on a sort of syllogism: Muḥammad and his message belong to Jewish, Christian or Judeo-Christian monotheisms (as attested by the Qurʾān and the Ḥadīth); Muḥammad’s first messages seem to announce the imminent end of the world (as is evident from many Quranic passages and several very early ḥadīths); so Muḥammad cannot but announce the coming of the Messiah as the Savior of the End of the world. On this last point, the Qurʾān remains curiously silent, but according to a large number of ancient ḥadiths, Muḥammad actually announces the imminent coming of the Messiah and the latter is none other than Jesus. At the same time, for some followers of Muḥammad, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib seems to have been the second Jesus, Christ and Messiah of the apocalyptic times. After the death of Muḥammad and ʿAlī, the non-advent of the end of the world, the ridda wars, the Arab conquests and the establishment of the empire, events evolved into different directions than expected at the beginning.

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