scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease of the 2019 (Covid-19): Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abba Musa Abdullahi ◽  
◽  
Shah Taha Sarmast ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
European Centre ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Control And Prevention

On December 31, 2019, China alerted WHO to several cases of unusual pneumonia in Wuhan. This is a city with about 11 million people located in the central Hubei province. The virus was unknown when it was reported. Few weeks after the outbreak, the coronavirus pneumonia became an epidemic at the epicenter of the disease. It was discovered those infected during the period were those working at the Wuhan’s Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The market was shut down on January 1, 2020. Since the epidemic, The COVID-19 outbreak has reached every continent on Earth becoming a global pandemic. Wuhan City experienced the worst of the initial outbreak but the trend has now shifted to several other countries and major cities are experiencing the massive health, economic, social and political effects of the coronavirus. Americas (United States) and Europe (Russia, Italy, Spain, UK and Germany) are the most hit regions. As of June 2, 2020, the global confirmed cases were reported by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) as 6,245,352 cases with global death recorded as 376,427 deaths.

Sticking Together Six Feet Apart: Testing the Effects of Social Distancing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoli Ediriweera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Social distancing - like many other precautions taken during a global pandemic, it is easier said than done. COVID-19 is spread by respiratory droplets through coughing or sneezing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020, para. 1). These droplets can land on someone nearby, so experts recommend practicing social distancing or self-isolation techniques to prevent contracting coronavirus. These methods include staying six feet apart from other individuals and staying home from work, school, and other large gatherings.

Hitch a Sugar to a Protein

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-222
Author(s):  
Janet R. Gilsdorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
American Children ◽  
Native Alaskan

The success of the conjugate Hib vaccines has been spectacular. Prior to their introduction, an estimated 10,000 cases of Hib meningitis occurred annually in the United States, which was approximately 1 in 300 children. It was even higher among native Alaskan and American Indian children. Since the widespread use of the vaccine, the disease has nearly disappeared in the United States, with only 40 cases in children under age 5 years reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014. Thus, bacterial meningitis, once a scourge that killed and damaged too many American children is, for the most part, now a bad memory.

scholarly journals Outbreaks attributed to fresh leafy vegetables, United States, 1973–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3011-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. HERMAN ◽  
A. J. HALL ◽  
L. H. GOULD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Local State ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Control And Prevention

SUMMARYLeafy vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet; however, they have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses. We reviewed leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1973 and 2012. During the study period, 606 leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks, with 20 003 associated illnesses, 1030 hospitalizations, and 19 deaths were reported. On average, leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were larger than those attributed to other food types. The pathogens that most often caused leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were norovirus (55% of outbreaks with confirmed aetiology), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (18%), and Salmonella (11%). Most outbreaks were attributed to food prepared in a restaurant or catering facility (85%). An ill food worker was implicated as the source of contamination in 31% of outbreaks. Efforts by local, state, and federal agencies to control leafy vegetable contamination and outbreaks should span from the point of harvest to the point of preparation.

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