Phytosanitary bases of winter wheat cultivation in Western Siberia

The paper presents the results of research to assess the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in adaptive crop rotations on typical chernozem. The crop yield have analyzed for three different crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-row, and grain-grass) in comparison with a monoculture on a stationary multifactorial field experiment on physical modeling of the farming system of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It was determined that the maximum yield was obtained in grain-and-row crop rotation; on average, over three years of research, the increase in it was 1.71 t/ha. Statistical data processing has carried out and correlations between the weather conditions of the year and the yield of winter wheat has revealed. Thus, a moderate direct relationship (r = 0.65) was established with atmospheric precipitation, and a moderate inverse relationship with the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.58). Indicators of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation have calculated, both for monoculture and for three types of crop rotations. The lowest cost of winter wheat grain – 5926.94 t/ha – was recorded in grain-fallow crop rotation, which provided the highest net income of 12056.26 and the highest profitability among all options – 68.72%.

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INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOILS ON THE CLOVER LAYER OF THE FIRST YEAR OF USE ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT OF « MOSKOVSKAYA 39 VARIETY» IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2020-4-41-48 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

Е. V. Mikhalev ◽

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N.А. Borisov ◽

N. А. Mineeva ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

First Year ◽

Traditional Technology ◽

No Till ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

The research aim is to identify the most energy-saving and cost-effective technology for winter wheat cultivation. The maximum moisture content of soil was recorded when it was processed using Mini-till technology – from 17.2% to 17.9%, and the lowest - with traditional technology – from 15.7% to 16.4%. The lowest soil density with traditional winter wheat technology is both on the background with fertilizer (1.18%) and on the background without fertilizer (1.21%). The lowest contamination of crops with traditional technology without mineral fertilizers (42 pcs/м2). With the Mini-till technology, the total blockage increased to 51pcs/м2, and with the No-till technology, it was maximum- 128 pcs/м2. Against the mineral fertilizers, the same tendency of total blockage-from – from 40 pcs/м2 to 132 pcs/м2, respectively. With No-till technology, the total plant damage increased from 17.0 % to 14.6 %, with traditional treatment – from 12.4% to 10.1%, and with Mini-till technology-from 12.7% to 9.6%. The yield of winter wheat when using traditional plowing against the background of mineral fertilizer is 3.59 t / ha, and against the background without mineral fertilizer – 2.24 t / ha. The yield of Mini-till technology for mineral background is 3.13 t / ha, and without fertilizers-1.81 t / ha. With the No-till technology, the winter wheat yield is 1.69 t/ha, and without fertilizers – 1.11 t/ha. The highest level of profitability with Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers-73.2%.

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THE EFFECT OF BIOLOGICS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT

10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-44 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R.N. Pshenichny ◽

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E.B. Drepa ◽

E.L. Golosnaya ◽

D.O. Kalmykova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Growing Season ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Combined Use ◽

Two Factors

The research was carried out in order to study the effect of the use of biological preparations and micronutrients (separately and in combination with each other) on the growth and development of winter wheat grown according to the sunflower precursor in the zone of unstable moisture. The experience was laid in 2020-2021 on leached chernozem. Two factors were studied in the experiment: drugs and the timing of their use. The classical technology of winter wheat cultivation adopted for the zone was used as a control. The scheme of the experiment included options with the use of biological preparations, micro-fertilizers separately and in combination with each other when etching seeds and during the growing season of winter wheat. The combined use of biological preparations and micronutrients provides an increase in yield by 10.2%, whereas with a separate application the increase was 4.5-5.7%.

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