scholarly journals Calving rates, long-range movements and site fidelity of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in south-eastern Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Mandy Watson ◽  
Kasey Stamation ◽  
Claire Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
The South ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Right Whales ◽  
Southern Right Whales

Within New Zealand and eastern Australia, over 58,000 southern right whales were harvested by commercial whalers between 1790 and 1980, with approximately 19,000 harvested from south-eastern Australia. Local extirpation is believed to have led to a loss of cultural memory of calving areas, contributing to the limited recovery of the south-eastern Australian population. While the number of whales observed using the south-eastern Australian coastline is increasing, there has been no change over three decades in the annual abundance of cow-calf pairs at Logans Beach in Warrnambool, Victoria, the only established calving ground in the region. Knowledge of life history parameters of the south-eastern Australian population is lacking. Here, we examine sightings and photo-identification data from southern Australia to investigate calving intervals, long range movements and fidelity to the Logans Beach nursery ground. Sightings data revealed at least 93 calves were born at Logans Beach between 1980 and 2018 (an average of 2.6 per year) with a mean calving interval of 3.5 ± 1.0 years (± SE, n = 34). Comparison between photo-identification catalogues compiled for south-eastern and south-western Australian populations shows that southern right whales are wide ranging within southern Australian waters. Females can be sighted at locations as far apart as 3,800 km across seasons and there is overlap in the wintering range of the south-eastern and south-western populations, with at least 7% of whales using both regions. We also provide the first report of an Australian southern right whale female with strong site fidelity to a calving area in one region relocating long-term to a calving area in another region. This work highlights several knowledge gaps, such as; the location of feeding and conception grounds for this population as well as the degree of mixing between the two Australian populations outside their wintering areas. In addition, the proportion of female calves born at Logans Beach returning to their natal site to calve remains unclear. Our work provides the first assessment of calving rates, movement and site fidelity within the south-eastern Australian population, critical for understanding constraints to recovery and informing conservation management of southern right whales in Australia. Targeted, long-term monitoring programs across the south-eastern Australian region are needed to provide demographic information on which to base predictions of the impacts of anthropogenic threats such as noise disturbance, entanglement and vessel strike.

Insights on site fidelity and calving intervals of the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis) in south-eastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos César de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Luciana Barão Acuña ◽  
Sergio Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Sotalia Fluviatilis ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Long Term Studies

Ecological aspects of the marine tucuxi dolphin, Sotalia fluviatilis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), remain poorly known. Important information can be gathered in long-term studies using photo-identification. Using this methodology, the authors present the first evidence of site fidelity for marine tucuxis in the Cananéia Estuary (25°03′S 48°01′ W), south-eastern Brazil. A total of 86 easily recognizable individuals was catalogued from June 1996 to August 2001, but most of them have been sighted from May 2000. From June 1997 to August 2001, three female tucuxis were sighted on nine (KN #19), 22 (KN #30) and 28 (KN #10) different days in a relatively small area (∼16 km2). Each of them was observed with a calf in 1997–1998 and again with a new offspring in 2000–2001. Thirteen other individuals were reported on eight to 19 different days in the same area between May 2000 and August 2001. Our observations lead to conclusions on the evidence of site fidelity and indicate that calving intervals may range between two and three years for this species in the surveyed area.

scholarly journals Atypical residency of short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis ) to a shallow, urbanized embayment in south-eastern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 160478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Mason ◽  
Chandra Salgado Kent ◽  
David Donnelly ◽  
Jeffrey Weir ◽  
Kerstin Bilgmann
Keyword(s):  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
Common Dolphins ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis ) are typically considered highly mobile, offshore delphinids. This study assessed the residency of a small community of short-beaked common dolphins in the shallow, urbanized Port Phillip Bay, south-eastern Australia. The ability to identify common dolphins by their dorsal fin markings and coloration using photo-identification was also investigated. Systematic and non-systematic boat surveys were undertaken between 2007 and 2014. Results showed that 13 adult common dolphins and their offspring inhabit Port Phillip Bay, of which 10 adults exhibit residency to the bay. The majority of these adults are reproductively active females, suggesting that female philopatry may occur in the community. Systematic surveys conducted between 2012 and 2014 revealed that the dolphins were found in a median water depth of 16 m and median distance of 2.2 km from the coast. The shallow, urbanized habitat of this resident common dolphin community is atypical for this species. As a result, these common dolphins face threats usually associated with inshore bottlenose dolphin communities. We suggest that the Port Phillip Bay common dolphin community is considered and managed separate to those outside the embayment and offshore to ensure the community's long-term viability and residency in the bay.

Crop responses to lime in long-term pasture-crop rotations in a high rainfall area in south-eastern Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Li ◽  
K. R. Helyar ◽  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. D. Cregan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A long-term trial, known as ‘managing acid soils through efficient rotations’ (MASTER), commenced in 1992 to develop and demonstrate a cropping system that is economically viable on the highly acid soils of the traditional permanent pasture region in south-eastern Australia, so that their fertility is sustained or improved. There were 2 permanent pasture systems and 2 pasture–crop rotations, each with and without lime. This paper reports the effect of lime on crop production over the first cycle (6 years). On annual pasture–crop rotations, lime significantly increased the dry matter production at anthesis and grain yields of wheat (cv. Dollarbird) compared with the unlimed treatments. Averaged across years from 1992 to 1997 (excluding the severe drought year 1994), wheat crops produced 1.6 t/ha more grain on the limed treatments than on the unlimed treatments (3.6 v. 2.0 t/ha). On perennial pasture–crop rotations, the lime effects varied with crops grown at each phase and year. For example, despite being tolerant of acidity, oats (cv. Yarran) responded to lime in 1996. Likewise, triticale (cv. Abacus) responded to lime in 1997. Wheat (cv. Dollarbird) that is moderately tolerant to acidity responded to lime in phase 6 from 1992 to 1997 excluding 1994 (3.5 v. 1.7 t/ha). Acid-tolerant wheat varieties, triticale, and narrow-leaf lupins are considered the most viable crops for the soil and climatic conditions encountered in this high rainfall (5000—800 mm per annum) area of south-eastern Australia.

Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. II. Liveweight gain and wool production

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Li ◽  
K. R. Helyar ◽  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
L. J. C. Castleman ◽  
R. P. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Period ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
High Rainfall Area ◽  
South Eastern Australia

‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime application on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. Fifteen- to eighteen-month-old Merino hoggets were used as test animals and were changed annually. This paper reports the results of sheep responses to liming from the 4 continuous pasture treatments over 6 years from 1992 to 1997. The stocking rate was the same on all plots within a treatment during each rotation period, but was varied between treatments based on the pasture availability and sheep body condition. The most important findings from this study are that the limed treatments carried 29% and 27% more stock (up to 4 DSE/ha) than the unlimed treatments for perennial and annual pastures, respectively. As a result, the limed perennial pastures produced 27% more liveweight gain (62 kg/ha.year) and 28% more greasy wool (13 kg/ha.year) than unlimed perennial pastures, whereas the limed annual pastures produced 34% more liveweight gain (77 kg/ha.year) and 24% more greasy wool (11 kg/ha.year) than unlimed annual pastures. The significant responses to lime in liveweight and wool production were detected from the second growing season after the pastures were established. The increased sheep productivity on the limed treatment was due to a combination of increased pasture production and improved pasture quality. Perennial pastures showed a slight advantage in wool production, but not in liveweight gain. However, the seasonal variation of liveweight was greater on annual pastures than on perennial pastures. The larger variation in liveweight change could lead to more adverse effects on wool quality especially at high grazing pressures. Grazing management can be used to manipulate pasture and animal productivity to increase profits from lime use.

Utilization of Appetite for Sodium Salts to Control Rabbit Populations by Poisoning.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Control Rabbit ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Rabbits in subalpine areas in south-eastern Australia show a marked avidity for sodium salts during the spring and early summer months. During that period rabbit populations may be controlled by allowing access to soft wooden meranti pegs impregnated with sodium chloride and sodium luoroacetate (poison 1080). If the pegs are left out as permanent bait stations they produce long-term effective control. The method should be applicable to other areas in Australia where soil sodium is very low.

Long-term air pollution trend analysis in the South-eastern Baltic region, 1981–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 105191
Author(s):  
Lina Davuliene ◽  
Dalia Jasineviciene ◽  
Inga Garbariene ◽  
Jelena Andriejauskiene ◽  
Vidmantas Ulevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Galeatylinae, a new subfamily of Atylidae for Galeatylus coripes, new genus and species, from the Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia (Amphipoda, Dexaminoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4701 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
JEAN JUST
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Galeatylinae, a new subfamily in the Atylidae, for Galeatylus coripes new genus and species, is reported from the Bass Strait in the south-east of Australia. This is the first record of the Atylidae from Australia. 

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