scholarly journals Keynote Speech: Colonial-Capitalism and Its Impact on Natural Resources in The Colonised World

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Farish A Noor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Keynote Speech ◽  
Colonial Capitalism ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Late Stages

This keynote speech was delivered at the International Conference on Interdisciplinary and Strategic Studies (ICRIS) on August 12, 2021. It explains the concept of colonial-capitalism and highlights the importance of understanding the underlying logic of capitalism behind the praxis of colonialism. From the middle to late stages of colonialism over the past 500 years, the underlying logic of colonial conquest continued to evolve. Initially, it was the Crusades that prompted the Europeans to start their exploration but then it was the conflicts and competition among the European powers themselves that galvanised their desire to conquer the world. This speech also illustrates how colonial-capitalism has changed our view of nature and our human relationship with the natural world, which in turn has influenced how we manage our natural resources. It concludes by reflecting on how we are still living in the long shadow of the 19th century and why the struggle for mental liberation continues until today.

Gariwerd

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
The 19Th Century

People have been visiting and living in the Victorian Grampians, also known as Gariwerd, for thousands of generations. They have both witnessed and caused vast environmental transformations in and around the ranges. Gariwerd: An Environmental History of the Grampians explores the geological and ecological significance of the mountains and combines research from across disciplines to tell the story of how humans and the environment have interacted, and how the ways people have thought about the environments of the ranges have changed through time. In this new account, historian Benjamin Wilkie examines how Djab wurrung and Jardwadjali people and their ancestors lived in and around the mountains, how they managed the land and natural resources, and what kinds of archaeological evidence they have left behind over the past 20 000 years. He explores the history of European colonisation in the area from the middle of the 19th century and considers the effects of this on both the first people of Gariwerd and the environments of the ranges and their surrounding plains in western Victoria. The book covers the rise of science, industry and tourism in the mountains, and traces the eventual declaration of the Grampians National Park in 1984. Finally, it examines more recent debates about the past, present and future of the park, including over its significant Indigenous history and heritage.

scholarly journals Foreign Layer of the Chuvash Book

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Alena Mikhajlovna Ivanova ◽  
Eduard Valentinovich Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Parallel Texts

The article is devoted to the consideration of extraterritorial publications on the Chuvash theme. The purpose of the work is to identify the essential features of the foreign layer of the Chuvash book. The conclusions of the work are based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bibliographic indexes and a direct study of the books themselves de visu. The authors of the article consider foreign books as an important component of modern Chuvash culture, endowed with communicative, cognitive-cumulative, ethno-presentative and educational functions. Extraterritorial editions of the Chuvash book appeared in the first half of the 19th century, and only by the end of the 20th century they formed an independent layer. At the same time, one should objectively speak of two exteriorics – the Chuvash and by the poet G. Aygi. Each of them is represented by almost 150 publications. The predominant problematic of the foreign language layer of the Chuvash book proper is the Chuvash language. Moreover, its notable aspect is the publication of books in the Chuvash language or their publication with parallel texts in Sweden and Turkey. G. Aygi’s foreign publications are already represented by collections of poems in Russian, published by the publishing house of the artist N. Dronnikov in France. This work is a publication that should provide an introduction to the scientific use of literature that has not yet become the property of the Chuvash Studies. Its task is to promote the full functioning of modern Chuvash science in conjunction with the world one. The authors come to the conclusion that, in general, the foreign layer of the Chuvash book has an enduring value, and many of the scientific publications published in the past are rightly elevated to the rank of classical ones by the scientists.

scholarly journals Is There A Need in a New «Concert of Great Powers»? Discussions in the American Expert Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Korney Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Charles I ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
The 19Th Century

The world political system is recently passing through a period of rapid changes. Decades of Western dominance are coming to an end, while strengthening China and Russia are eroding the weakening western leadership and its liberal values. In order to reduce tensions between the great powers and prevent possible confrontation, Richard N. Haas and Charles I. Kupchan propose to create a modern edition of the "European Concert" of the 19th century. Their opponents claim that the experience of the past is not always relevant in the present, and the "concert" system will not work in the modern circumstances. The article reveals the arguments of both sides.

scholarly journals Jejak Islamisasi Jawa Oleh KH Soleh Darat (Studi Kasus Naskah Kitab Syarah Al-Hikam)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

By translating many books of jurisprudence and Sufism in Javanese, KH Sholeh Darat delivered a message of da'wah at the house of the Regent of Demak which was the uncle of R.A. Kartini. KH Sholeh Darat translates the Quran in Javanese using Arabic Pegon. The book was recorded as the first translation book in the world in Javanese. The first book of interpretation in Arabic Javanese Pegon was given the name Faidhur Rohman. In his missionary ethos, KH Soleh Darat was very concerned about how Javanese culture and character education of Javanese people lack understanding in Arabic. Therefore, the effort to translate various books into banhasa Jawa is nothing more than the process of Javanese Islamization which is very accommodating to Javanese culture. One of the books that reveals the Javanese ethic of Sufism is the Syarah Al Hikam Book. This research is based on the consideration that the manuscript includes some of the cultural riches of the archipelago of the past century which until now can still be saved. Therefore, this manuscript needs to be studied philologically and thematically, especially the values of the propaganda of KH Sholeh Darat which provide a wind of harmony in religion. Through intertextual studies this study intends to find the character relationship of Syarah Al Hikam KH Soleh Darat. Through the learning of the Al Hikam book, traces of Islamic thought and the method of da'wah that combines Islamic culture and Javanese culture, accommodating, moderate, between the Shari'a and the tarekat is the harmonization of Islam can be accepted in the multicultural society in Semarang and Java in the 19th century.

Globalization Processes in Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjla Fellahi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

The beginning of globalization according to Karl Marx’s anticipation when the Bourgeoisie class were expending their products to reach the whole globe starting from the mid of the 19th century, other scholars assume that globalization can be seen as a thread run through all the past humanities starting from our ancestors and their migration across the world which makes no fixed beginning nor an expected end of it. Globalization changed the relations between producers and consumers, also it broken various links between labor with family, daily life, as well as national attachments. The objective of this article is to discuss the progress of the globalization in the field of architecture, its signs, and its processes. The article also demonstrates how the aspect of localities has been affected by the global forces which will be done through two case studies: Algiers and Istanbul. The results expose that Globalization approach can be defined from various perspectives, but what common in these viewpoints is the "Mobility" of thoughts, objects, people, and ideas between regions, nations, and continents. The stereotype aspect of global cities which characterized by tall-sized buildings, the new materials, the sophisticated facades, new technologies etc., has impacted on the priorities of people and authorities of various countries like Algeria, and Turkey.

scholarly journals Hêgemonía: Hegemony, Classical and Modern

2008 ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wikinson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
World Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island States ◽  
The World ◽  
Greek History ◽  
Political Hierarchy ◽  
The 19Th Century

"Hegemony" is a term from the vocabulary of classical Greek history which was deliberately revived in the 19th century to describe a modern phenomenon. In its classical context, the clear denotation of “hegemony” is a military-political hierarchy, not one of wealth or cultural prestige; although both economic and cultural resources could serve to advance military-political hegemony, they were not at all of the essence. Hegemonic relations were conscious, and based upon complex motives and capacities. Individuals, peoples and states could desire, seek, struggle for, get, keep, lose and regain hegemony. Hegemony was sought or exercised over nations, over territories, over the land or the sea, or over tôn holôn, "the whole"; but "territories" turn out to be the states and nations thereon, "the land" and "the sea" actually meant "the mainland states" and "the island states," and tôn holôn was the world system, the whole system of interacting states. Hegemonic power relationships in the classical style are alive and well today; far from being time-bound, place-bound or culture-bound, hegemony in the classical sense is a transhistorical and transcultural fact that merits comparative-civilizational and comparative-world-systems study. While bilateral, alliance, and regional hegemonies are far more frequent both today and in the past, the most useful hegemony for study in a comparative civilizations/world systems context is systemwide hegemony: a unipolar influence structure that falls short of universal empire.

scholarly journals Nostalgia and National Identity: Idea of Revisiting the Past in Latvian Fiction

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Alina Romanovska
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Peculiar Feature ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

One of the most popular themes in Latvian literature which has regularly arisen at different stages of its development since the 19th century is the idea of returning to the roots, the depiction of a mythological world scene when people lived according to the rhythms of nature, in full harmony with themselves and the world. Ancient times are depicted as a time when Latvians felt free living at their farms and followed the rules of the mythical time. This peculiar feature which we analyse on the basis of literary works, describes vividly the nation’s collective consciousness, desires, and needs. The need for emphasizing the idealised ancient times in the nation’s consciousness is related to the most significant transitional stages in the development of the country, which are characterised by the increased attention to the issues of national identity. During difficult stages in history, nosta lgia is a security mechanism which looks for stability in the past which we do not have in the present. The aim of the paper is to see how the nostalgic reflection on the idealized ancient times in the Latvian literature is related to the pivotal stages in the country’s history when special attention was paid to the national awareness and identity issues.

scholarly journals Michel Houellebecq’s Submission – a novel of decadence

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Vytautas Bikulčius
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Madonna ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Michel Houellebecq’s Submission has been analysed as a novel of decadence in this paper. Referring to the works of Michel Winock, François Livi and Michel Onfray, it has been found that a decadent novel can be associated not only with the works of Joris-Karl Huysmans, Pierre Loűys, Jean Lorrain and others produced at the end of the 19th century but also at subsequent periods. Such characteristics of decadent writing as the threat of catastrophe, fundamental changes in society, nostalgia can be found in the analysed novel.François, the main character of the novel, an expert on Huysmans and a professor at Sorbonne University, supports Huysmans’ ideas to some extent trying to find the link between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 21st century by comparing processes in society. Huysmans sought an ideal in the Middle Ages, while François travels to Rocamadour, famous for the statue of the Black Madonna, with a hope to find a spiritual revelation but becomes aware that the world of the past has gone forever. Changes in society made Huysmans leave the monastery, similarly, François gets frustrated as he loses his job when the Muslim Fraternity comes into power.Using the dystopian genre, Houellebecq depicts unbelievable changes in society – the new government proclaims Islam an official religion of France. Society is governed by new rules, the authority is concerned about two things – demography and education. Those, who refuse to convert to Islam, lose their jobs. Changes in society are even linked with geopolitical changes. Meanwhile Houellebecq reveals significant differences between the decadence of the end of the 19th and of the 21st century. Huysmans’ decadence results in neuroses, a desire to seal himself off from the world in alcohol, drugs, etc., to surround himself with works of art, while François in Submission enjoys erotic pleasures, gradually becomes an alcoholic, he does not suffer like Huysmans’ protagonist Des Esseintes. It can be stated that Submission is a decadent novel only at thematic level since aesthetic values, characteristic of the decadence of the 19th century, are left in the background. The only justification of François is that he speaks about his conversion to Islam hypothetically, it shows that he has not made up his mind to take this step.

The Getty Provenance Index steams ahead

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton Fredericksen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Strong Incentive ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

For the past fifteen years the Getty Provenance Index has developed a series of projects that index auction catalogues, beginning with British catalogues of the 19th century and followed by French, Dutch, German and Belgian catalogues of the same period or earlier. This has led to the discovery of many previously unrecorded catalogues, most notably German and Belgian, providing a strong incentive to consider how Frits Lugt’s Répertoire des Catalogues de Ventes should eventually be revised, and even brought up to date. The Getty projects also include automating the individual items in the catalogues, which has led not only to much new data about the provenance of paintings held by museums in many parts of the world, but has also helped to identify the owners of collections found in previously anonymous sale catalogues.

scholarly journals Leibniz’s and Herder’s philosophy of optimism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Vasil Gluchman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Progress ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Given

Abstract The author studies Leibniz’s views of vindicating God for the existence of evil in the world, as well as the idea of the best of all possible worlds, including the past and present criticism. Following Leibniz, he opted for the presentation of Herder’s philosophy of history as one of the most significant forms of philosophical optimism that influenced the first half of the 19th century, including contemporary debates on and critiques of the topic. He defines Herder’s concept as the philosophy of historical progress, which also significantly influenced Slovak philosophy of the given period. The main goal of the article is to present Leibniz’s and Herder’s views as a starting point for the Slovak philosophy of optimism and historical progress of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century.

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