Investigating Sand Production Phenomena: An Appraisal of Past and Emerging Laboratory Experiments and Analytical Models

This paper provides an in-depth review of research developments on a common phenomenon in oil and gas exploration: sand production. Due to its significant impact to reservoir productivity and production efficiency, sand production has been widely researched in recent years. This paper focused on the review of historical progress in experimental and analytical studies which helped to understand the nature of the sanding mechanism and identify conditions that favour the process. Collation of the experimental data and analytical solutions and formulations enabled the authors to comment on effectiveness and also limitations of the existing experimental protocols and analytical models. Sand production models were then grouped into categories based on initiation of sanding, rate and amount of sanding as well as the failure criterion incorporated in their formulation so that it will be more convenient for future researchers to identify and adopt an appropriate model for their own research. The review also confirms that there are still some aspects of sand production requiring further investigation, and maybe a hybrid approach combining experimental, analytical and numerical methods could be the best solution for future explorations.

Principles of the compilation of East-Podillia dialects

A key role of dialect dictionaries in the preservation of the national memory of the people and national moral values is emphasized in the paper. It has been stated that dialect vocabulary compiled in the dictionary is of great heuristic value, as it expresses a historical progress of the nation in its work, with customs and beliefs, the whole outlook in general, which is why it is a required source for the reconstruction of the ancient condition of a material and moral culture of native speakers. It has been found out that some specialists in dialectology-lexicography mark the registries of dialect words differently (dictionary, short dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, materials for dictionary, small dictionary, etc.). Ukrainian dialect dictionaries were analyzed as to their completeness of vocabulary presentations, the coverage of dialect areas and some peculiarities of the representation of regional vocabulary in thematic dictionaries which contained the dialects of East Podillia. The purpose and the task of the compilation of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects as well as its format/size were defined. Foreign analogs of such creation, in particular Podillia ones, were noticed. The principles of the compilation of a multi-volume edition of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects according to the thematic groups were worked out. The importance of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects for Ukrainian language studies has been underlined, as it will become a profound source for further language research.

Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccines: Major Scientific Obstacles, Historical Progress, and Future Direction

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is associated with various malignant tumors and immune diseases, imparting a huge disease burden on the human population. Available EBV vaccines are imminent. Prophylactic vaccines can effectively prevent the spread of infection, whereas therapeutic vaccines mainly stimulate cell-mediated immunity and kill infected cells, thus curbing the development of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, there are still no approved EBV vaccines after decades of effort. The complexity of the EBV life cycle, the lack of appropriate animal models, and the limited reports on adjuvant selection and immune responses are gravely impeding progress in EBV vaccines. The soluble gp350 vaccine could reduce the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM), which seemed to offer hope, but could not prevent EBV infection. Continuous research and vaccine trials provide deep insights into the structural biology of viruses, the designs for immunogenicity, and the evolving vaccine platforms. Moreover, the new vaccine candidates are expected to achieve further success via combined immunization to elicit both a dual protection of B cells and epithelial cells, and sustainable immunization against infected cells at several phases of infection.

Legal Grounds for Restrictions of Human Rights in the European Court of Human Rights Case-Law

This article is devoted to the study of the legal grounds for restrictions of human rights in the ECtHR’s case-law. The study stipulates that the concept of generations of human rights, based on the historical progress of ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms, is a set of rights that require the proper protection and will constantly shift towards large-scale expansion, taking into account changes in society and the achievements of humanity. The study notes that even though at the end of the 20th century, the idea of human rights’ division into three generations (civil and political; social, economic and cultural; collective rights) was proposed in the science of international law, nowadays, it is difficult to clearly attribute certain rights to these categories. The research states that the division of rights into generations is convenient, but it should be noted that the concept of three generations of human rights is based on the historical progress of ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms. Therefore, the set of rights that require protection will constantly change. The article highlights a few restrictions on human rights and freedoms, mainly concerning the first and second generations. The study determines that the specifics of restrictions of fundamental human rights are directly related to the difference between absolute and relative rights. The ECtHR explains that the objectives of human rights restrictions are substantially expanded and introduced in order to: maintain the state and public safety or economic well-being of the country; prevent riots or crimes; protect health or morals; ensure the rights and freedoms of others; protect the national security, territorial integrity; prevent of disclosure of confidential information; maintain the authority and impartiality of judicial authorities.

ROLE OF FEMALE PARLIAMENTARIANS IN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN PAKISTAN

This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political change in Pakistan by looking at it through the lens of the country’s historical progress. With an emphasis on historical evolution and current situation, the article also discusses social constraints that have made it difficult for women to engage in the political system in the past. Women’s political engagement should be enhanced in the future, and an assessment of these concerns may produce some helpful ideas. In this study article, researchers have examined employing a qualitative research approach which is also called market research method that focuses on acquiring data through open-ended and conversational dialogue. These qualitative research approaches allow for in-depth and additional probing and questioning of respondents based on their responses, where the researchers also seek to understand their purpose and sentiments. The study also finds that Women’s political empowerment across the country is limited by social and cultural standards, as well as by their economic dependency on the male counterparts of their household. Women’s engagement is also limited by low literacy rates and the segregation of men and women in social positions. There will be no meaningful impact on women’s engagement in the public life particularly political life, until there is a progressive adjustment in societal standards, which should begin at the grassroots level and work its way up. For starters, women must be granted greater social and economic autonomy.

The impact of green building ideology on ecosystem and society health

The First Green Building Movement that marked the beginning of an ideological revolution of the era occurred in the Late 19th Century. Climate Change and Global Warming have always been a major concern for humanity and justify the need for the development of innovative and greener technologies to help conserve natural resources for the future. This paper presents a review on the Historical Progress of Green Buildings so far and their impact on the occupant's health and productivity. The term which emerged in the context of green buildings as a result of these movements is High-Performance Green Buildings. The construction industry is considered to be the largest consumer of power and contributes about 1/4 of Global Green House Gas emissions. The Green Building Movement was an initiative to emphasize the need for a sustainable Built Environment. This paper presents the findings of a survey conducted on the occupants of GreenTech Malaysia, a certified Green Building, and the results which are somewhat counter intuitive in nature are analyzed.

El sistema de evaluación global (seg) como instrumento de valoración de la veracidad del testimonio

RESUMEN Para el ser humano ha sido de mucho valor poder impartir justicia basándose en los hechos de un acontecimiento y los testimonios que de él recibe, por lo tanto, poder determinar la veracidad de los testimonios de los testigos, las víctimas y los agresores, y así poder obtener conclusiones apegadas a la realidad e impartir la justicia que anhela, esto ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios. Lo que busca este artículo es ir detallando el avance científico-histórico de la toma de testimonios y fundamentar en qué criterios se basan para determinar si un testimonio es creíble, no creíble o indeterminado, todo esto en base al Sistema de Evaluación Global (SEG), y para eso se realizó una revisión sistémica de diferentes artículos en la base de datos de Scopus, Web of Sciencie y Google Scholar entre las palabras clave que se usaron están: deception detection, detection of the lie, Sistema de evaluación Global, seleccionando 25 artículos publicados entre los años 2005 y 2021 ABSTRACT For the human being it has been of great value to be able to impart justice based on the facts of an event and the testimonies he receives from it, therefore, to be able to determine the veracity of the testimonies of witnesses, victims and aggressors, and thus be able to obtain conclusions attached to reality and impart the justice he longs for, this has been the subject of numerous studies. The aim of this article is to detail the scientific-historical progress of the taking of testimonies and to establish on what criteria are based to determine whether a testimony is credible, not credible or indeterminate, all this based on the Global Evaluation System (SEG), and for that a systemic review of different articles in the database of Scopus, Web of Sciencie and Google Scholar among the keywords used are: deception detection, detection of the lie, Global Evaluation System, selecting 25 articles published between the years 2005 and 2021.

A ‘small homeland’ in the world context. On Vasily Belov’s early stories

Vasily Belov (1932–2012), from his early works appreciated as one of the most gifted among the ‘village prose’ writers, expects to be read today in a changing literary and cultural context. In the Soviet period he was officially criticised for his partiality to the ‘small homeland’ presumably opposed by him to historical progress and innovation, and, on the other hand, blamed for conservatism and xenophobia in his perpetual chase for those whom he found guilty for the decline of the harmony in a countryside Russia. The issues Belov would take in his time and context are not forgotten today but in their present-day actuality look even more urgent and dramatic. ‘The country and the city’ — a recurring problem of historical evolution (R. Williams) stands up in its new significance with a view to what is seen now as a global world fraught with either a new threat or a promising perspective to national cultures.

Poul Anderson and the American Alliterative Revival

Although Poul Anderson is best known for his prose, he dabbled in poetry all his life, and his historical interests led him to become a major—if unacknowledged— contributor to the twentieth-century alliterative revival. This revival, most often associated with British poets such as W. H. Auden, J. R. R. Tolkien, and C. S. Lewis, attempted to adapt medieval Germanic alliterative meter into modern English. Yet Anderson, a firmly libertarian Enlightenment-style writer, imbued his alliterative poetry with a rationalistic spirit that implicitly accepted (with appropriate qualifications) a narrative of historical progress. This article analyzes the alliterative verse that Anderson wrote and uncovers how the demands of the pulp market shaped what poetry he could produce.

Leibniz’s and Herder’s philosophy of optimism

The author studies Leibniz’s views of vindicating God for the existence of evil in the world, as well as the idea of the best of all possible worlds, including the past and present criticism. Following Leibniz, he opted for the presentation of Herder’s philosophy of history as one of the most significant forms of philosophical optimism that influenced the first half of the 19th century, including contemporary debates on and critiques of the topic. He defines Herder’s concept as the philosophy of historical progress, which also significantly influenced Slovak philosophy of the given period. The main goal of the article is to present Leibniz’s and Herder’s views as a starting point for the Slovak philosophy of optimism and historical progress of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century.