Development of ethno-environmental culture among future teachers

The article offers a brief analysis of implementation of ethno-environmental component in academic subjects included in basic academic program "teachers’ training" with two training profiles "Biology and Chemistry" and "Biology and Geography". The subject matter of the article is the curriculum and extracurricular activities that are relative to ethnocultural features. The article is a theoretical overview of Russian and foreign literature on the considered topic. The analysis of the curriculum and extracurricular activities was carried out with the sue of applied examination method. It is concluded that ethno-environmental education of future biology, chemistry and geography teachers is facilitated with a range of conditions developed in the Faculty of Science Education, which include: disciplines of subject-methodical unit aimed on development of environmental thinking, based on ethno-cultural experience of Chuvash; curricular and extracurricular activities aimed on activation of their ecological and ethno-cultural practice. The main forms of upbringing the ethno-environmental culture of future teachers are as follows: master classes in ethno-environmental research; round tables devoted to ethnocultural information about toponyms; ethno-environmental seminars on the problems of protected areas of Chuvashia, etc.

World War I Through the Eyes of a Cavalryman: an Overview of the Diary Entries

The work is devoted to the analysis of the field diaries of the participant of the First World War V.D. Efremov (1890–1978), a native of the Chuvash village of Ilyutkino, Staro-Maksimkinskaya volost, Chistopol district, Kazan province. The purpose of the research is to study the document in the context of historical events and introduce them into scientific use. The work is based on the author's field materials. The document is analyzed from a historical perspective. At the same time, in this work, the author turns to ethnographic and literary approaches. V.D. Efremov (1890–1978) – cavalryman of the 5th squadron of the 14th Dragoon Little Russian regiment. His diary entries were made in Russian in 1915 on the territory of Belarus. The value of this document lies in the fact that it represents the records made during the hostilities themselves. There is not so much evidence of this kind in Russian historiography. The records allow us to trace the movement of a soldier for more than six months and his perception of military events. Interesting in the diary is a poetic text in the Chuvash language, the author of which is K.D. Efremov, brother of a soldier. The song is filled with philosophical content and was written in the folklore traditions of the Chuvash people.

Ethnocultural Relations in the Republics of the Middle-Volga Region

The information presented in the article describes the results of the sociological survey of ethnic and cultural relations in the Ethnic Republics of the Volga Federal District, namely the Chuvash Republic and the Mari El Republic. The purpose of the research was to highlight issues concerning some aspects of ethnic culture, specifically intercultural communication among young people (of 16–30 years old) in Cheboksary (the capital city of the Chuvash Republic) and Yoshkar-Ola (the capital city of the Mari El Republic). The research was focused on revealing the tolerant or intolerant, respectful or disrespectful attitude of native young people (representatives of the prevalent ethnicity) to other ethnic groups. The study was conducted using the methods of interviewing by means of computer-assisted web questionnaire. The answers were collected from university students. In conclusion, it was established that in general, native people from the Chuvash Republic and the Mari El Republic are non-conflict, tolerant and friendly.

Moscow Mari: Ethnic Culture in the Internal Diaspora

The article deals with the problem of maintaining and preserving Mari ethnic culture in the conditions of an internal diaspora. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions for maintaining and to determine the prospects for preserving Moscow Maris’ ethnic culture in Moscow’s multicultural urban space. Methods. In 2019–2021, the author of the article conducted a sociolinguistic survey in the Mari diaspora of the Moscow region; the selective sample includes 106 respondents (100 respondents belong to the first generation of the Mari diaspora, six to the second). One of the aspects of the survey was to study markers of ethnic identity in two generations of the diaspora. Results. The results, obtained in the interviews, reveal that Mari culture (knowledge and observance of Mari traditions and customs) is one of the key markers of ethnic identity in the first generation (coming only third after the small homeland and the Mari language markers). Respondents in the second generation demonstrate remnant knowledge of ethnic cultural practices due to a weak intergenerational transmission of the Mari language. The author concludes that in order to preserve ethnic traditions and customs in the diaspora, it is extremely important to maintain an ethnic language; at the same time, as the world practice of revitalizing minority languages shows, ethnic culture can be viewed as a source of initiation into an ethnic language, and later become a channel for its maintenance.

The Embodiment of Folklore Traditions in Art as the Antithesis of Postmodern Aesthetics

The aim of the research is to comprehend the folklore traditions embodied in art as an antithesis to the aesthetics of the postmodern era. The author puts forward a hypothesis according to which, against the background of a change in the socio-cultural paradigm from modernity to postmodernism, folklorism acted as a tool for returning to genuine values ​​based on centuries-old authentic traditions. Folklorism is considered in the article as a phenomenon in which the potential of the collective memory of the people is laid, allowing a person to recognize himself as part of a single nation with deep historical roots and centuries-old cultural traditions. Research methods – the comprehension of folklorism as an antithesis in relation to the dominant sociocultural paradigms was carried out using the scientific principle of historicism, as well as the methods of synchronous and diachronous analysis. The results of the research – another surge of interest in authenticity against the background of the approval of postmodern ideas is presented as one of the examples of a cyclical return to true values ​​in art. It is concluded that the analyzed bright and self-sufficient artistic phenomenon, over more than two centuries of its existence, has repeatedly acted as a mechanism to smooth out the existing contradictions in the sociocultural model of the development of society, thereby creating stable axiological foundations in art.

Creating the "The Goddess of the Hearth" Panel Using Collage Technique

The purpose of the article is to describe one of the forms of professional training of future leaders of the studio of decorative-applied art, namely, the implementation of a creative project of ethnocultural orientation. Students of the Chuvash State Institute of Culture and Arts made a panel in the collage technique «The Goddess of the hearth». At the first stage of the project, the literature on the topic of Chuvash mythology was studied. Based on the analysis of literary sources – the works of P.V. Denisov, V.K. Magnitsky, D. Mesarosh, A.K. Salmin the main characteristics of the deity «Hertsurt» were identified, which is the keeper of the hearth, the goddess of the right ordering of domesticity in Chuvash mythology. The article provides a technical and technological substantiation of the manufacturing process and describes in detail the sequence of creating the panel «The Goddess of the hearth». The author emphasizes that authentic patterns for embroidery were used, as well as traditional for the Chuvash colors, elements of clothing, utensils. It is noted that the project as a whole contributed to the formation of the main professional competencies of future leaders of the studio of decorative-applied art – to have the skills of making art products in folk traditions.

Dialogue of Cultures in the Early Lyrics of the Udmurt Poet Flor Vasiliev

The article is devoted to the analysis of lyrics by Flor Vasiliev (1934–1978) which is a new page in the history of Udmurt Soviet poetry. The young poet went beyond the generally accepted standards thanks to the rich literary context. This article is devoted to the study of the early lyrics of Flor Vasilyev in the aspect of the dialogue of cultures. The subject of analysis is poems written in the early 1960s. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe literary contacts with representatives of different cultures. The method of analysis is comparative studies. The result of the study is as follow: Flor Vasiliev introduces the names Remarque, Picasso, Grieg, Rembrandt into his poems to depict the general cultural atmosphere of Russia in the 1950s – 1960s, the poet follows the tradition of Russian pop lyrics. Interest in impressionism (Renoir and others) helps to hone style when portraying landscapes and the inner world of the hero. Irony begins to play a large role in the poems of early Flor Vasiliev, the poet learns in this direction from Heinrich Heine. Thus, thanks to the dialogue of cultures, there is a transition from «loud» to «quiet lyrics», humanistic traditions raise the poetry of Flor Vasiliev to a new qualitative level.

Russian Orthodox Churches in Birlya and Taburnoe Villages of the Ulyanovsk Oblast

The article reflects the results of research on the topic «History and cultural heritage of the settlements of the Ulyanovsk region." The subject of the research is the history of the St. Michael the Archangel's Church and the Kazan-Mother of God church in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoe (now belonging to Melekessky district of the Ulyanovsk region). The purpose of the article is to identify the most important periods of the above-mentioned churches from the end of the 19-th century to the 1950-s, to establish the composition of the clergy, and the educational work of the clergy among the population. Analysis of unpublished documents from the Central State Archives of the Samara Region allowed to establish: the ethnic composition of the settlements, socio-economic status of inhabitants, reasons and patterns of migration of the local population; the foundation and liquidation dates of the churches, facts of life of church ministers and parish; statistical data on the economic structure of the clergy. The Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoye are lost monuments of the Orthodox cultural heritage. Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches were built, respectively, at the end of the 19th century. and destroyed in the first half of the 1950-s. in connection with the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station, and their location is flooded by a reservoir.

Observance of National Traditions as a Factor of Preservation of Kyrgyz Identity

The author emphasizes the importance of national traditions in preserving the Kyrgyz identity. The article represents the Kyrgyz national traditions, which are associated with the birth of a child and celebrated in the first year of life. The work introduces readers to the traditions and customs of the Kyrgyz people of the early XX century, described by Soviet ethnographers, and with their modern versions. The author pays attention to a detailed description of the rituals performed and explains the importance of Kyrgyz traditions for representatives of the Kyrgyz ethnic group. The purpose of the article is to familiarize a wide range of readers with the national traditions of the Kyrgyz people, their origins, and their significance. Research methods: The work is built on the methods of observation and description and uses folk traditions observed by members of the Kyrgyz ethnic group as a basis. As a result of this analysis, the author concludes that the traditions of ancient times are of importance to the Kyrgyz people. The author also notes the importance of preserving and observing folk traditions for the people's self-identification as a single ethnic group, not only for the Kyrgyz living on the ancestral territory but also for the Kyrgyz living outside their homeland.