scholarly journals Behavior Management of Children with Autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Baydaa Ali Othman Al – Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Management ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Dental Professional

Background: Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is a term refers to the overarching group of conditions to which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) belongs . Objective: This study was designed to determine the existing behavior of children with autism in dental sitting, the behavior improvements in recall dental visits and evaluate the improvement in oral hygiene with using specific visual pedagogy chart. Type of the study: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty children of both genders, ages ranged from 4 – 6 years having primary teeth only were selected whose medical history included a diagnosis of autism. The behavior of the children in dental sitting were assessed according to the Frankel scale. The dmft index in the first visit was measured, with codes and criteria established by the WHO(1997).Behavior management method used was one or more of the followings: (physical restraint, "Tell-Show-Feel and Do" technique, verbal and non – verbal communication, reinforcement, parent present / absent). Results: The samples represent by 22 males and 18 females autistic children with no statically significant difference (p> 0.05).The dmft index of autistic children in the first visit. The dmft (mean ± SD) for males was (7.818 ± 0.98) while for females was (6.922 ± 1.09).The frequency of children showed treatment acceptance without difficulty was increase in the recall visits. Conclusions: The dental professional should be flexible to modify the treatment approach according to the individual patient needs.  

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Corneal Topography in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Maha A. ALGarzaie ◽  
Ali M. Alsaqr
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corneal Asphericity

Purpose: To investigate the corneal characteristics in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-matched typical development (TD) participants. Methods: This cross-sectional, clinically based study compared children with ASD to age-matched TD participants. Corneal topography was measured with a portable EyeSys Vista system. The distance visual acuity (VA) and the contrast sensitivity (CS) were determined. The refractive error (RE) was assessed using a 2WIN autorefractometer. Results: A total of 31 children with ASD (mean age: 12.78 ± 4.49 years), and 60 participants with TD (mean age: 13.65 ± 3.56 years) were recruited. The two groups were similar in age (t = −2.084, p = 0.075) and VA (t = −0.35, p = 0.32). Most of the children with ASD had a significant amount of refractive errors (REs; range: +5.25 to −5.50 DS), and astigmatism was dominant (range: −0.25 to −4.50 DC). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of average corneal power (t = 1.12, p = 0.39). The children with ASD and participants with TD also did not differ significantly in terms of corneal shape descriptors (p > 0.05), such as corneal asphericity, inferior superior index, opposite sector index, and differential sector index. The spherical equivalent did not differ significantly between the ASD participants and participants with TD (t = 1.15, p = 0.15). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the astigmatism component between the ASD participants and the participants with TD.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Gejala pada Anak Autis yang Diet Bebas Gluten dan Kasein dengan yang Tidak Diet di Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Alifah Fajriyyatul Izzah ◽  
Widati Fatmaningrum ◽  
Roedi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Difference

Background: Autism disorders can disrupt the quality of life of autism children. One popular diet therapy for children with autism is a gluten and casein free diet. Gluten and casein free diet based on opioid theory are still pros and cons.Objective: To determine the difference of symptoms in autistic children who are free from gluten and casein and those who are not.Method: An observational analytic cross-sectional study was conducted at several autistic therapy centers in Surabaya. The study was carried out in children with autism aged 3-12 years and was diagnosed by a specialist. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. Data collected, including data on the child's identity, data on the identity of parents, data on gluten and casein implementation were obtained through the FFQ questionnaire and data on symptoms of autistic children were obtained from the ATEC questionnaire.Results: Autistic symptom scores were good for communication skills, social interactions, cognitive responses, and behavioral disorders in autistic children on diets rather than those who did not. Bivariate test results showed that there were significant differences in the variable behavior disorder (p=0.021) and the total score (p=0.018).Conclusion: There are differences in symptoms in autistic children who are free from gluten and casein and those who are not especially on behavioral disorders.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Gangguan autisme dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup anak autis. Salah satu terapi diet populer bagi anak autis adalah diet bebas gluten dan kasein. Diet bebas gluten dan kasein yang didasari oleh teori opioid masih menjadi pro kontra.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein dengan yang tidak diet.Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dilakukan di beberapa pusat terapi autis di Surabaya. Penelitian dilakukan pada anak autis berusia 3 – 12 tahun dan telah didiagnosis oleh dokter ahli. Subyek penelitian dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan, meliputi data identitas anak, data identitas orang tua, data pelaksanaan diet bebas gluten dan kasein diperoleh melalui kuesioner FFQ serta data gejala pada anak autis diperoleh dari kuesioner ATEC.Hasil: Gambaran gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein lebih ringan daripada yang tidak diet berupa gangguan kemampuan komunikasi, interaksi sosial, respon kognitif dan gangguan perilaku. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada variabel gangguan perilaku (p=0,021) dan skor ATEC total (p=0,018).Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan gejala pada anak autis yang diet bebas gluten dan kasein dengan yang tidak diet terutama pada gangguan perilaku.

scholarly journals Parents' perspectives on the value of assistance dogs for children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e004786-e004786 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgoyne ◽  
L. Dowling ◽  
A. Fitzgerald ◽  
M. Connolly ◽  
J. P Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Dogs

Sleep disturbances in children with autism spectrum disorder in Lahore, Pakistan; a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Usman Baig ◽  
Syed Muslim Mehdi ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Imtiaz Afzal ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Ethics

Abstract Objective: To assess the frequency of insomnia and other sleep disturbances among children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: Sleep disturbance scale for children was used in this descriptive cross-sectional study and the parents were asked to fill out the questionnaire along with the consent form. Initial sample size was 97, out of which 93 were included in study. The research was approved by institutional ethics committee of Sharif medical and Dental College. Results: This study showed that 37 (39.8%) children had at least one type of the sleeping disorder. Most common type were insomnia 24 (25.8%) and sleep-awake transition disorders 15 (16.1%), less common were disorders of arousal 10 (10.8%), disorders of excessive somnolence 7 (7.5%), sleep hyperhidrosis 5 (5.4%) and sleep breathing disorders 4 (4.3%). Conclusion: Nearly forty percent of children with autism spectrum disorder suffer from sleep disorders, among which the most frequent was insomnia. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, sleep disorders, children

Psychoaffectives Repercussions of Autism on Parents

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S122-S122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ben Soussia ◽  
A. Bouallagui ◽  
S. Khouadja ◽  
I. Marrag ◽  
M. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Stressful Experience ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionCaring for a child with autism is a stressful experience for parents. The daily stress of this handicap has a major impact and triggers in the parents a series of adverse psychological reactions.AimTo reveal sociodemographic characteristics of parents of autistic children and to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among these parents.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted among parents of autistic children supported by four of autistic children rehabilitation centers under the Tunisian Association for the Promotion of Mental Health. Data were collected through a questionnaire to explore the sociodemographic data of parents of autistic children. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck scale and anxiety symptoms by the Hamilton scale.ResultsFifty-two parents were collected. The middle age was 35.73 years. They lived in an urban area in 96% of cases. The majority had an average socioeconomic level (88.4%). The respective rates of depressed or anxious parents as Beck scales and Hamilton were 48% and 23%. The association between depressive and anxious symptoms was found in 19%. In addition, depression was more common in mothers (P < 10−4) and anxiety was also more evident among mothers (P = 0.01).ConclusionThe presence of an autistic child causes profound changes in families and can be a source of tension and stress. The anxious and depressive impact on parents is important and frequent. The intervention that designs the psychiatrist to help children with autism should necessarily include an action for parents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy and non-vaccination in an Irish paediatric outpatient population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SO Whelan ◽  
F Moriarty ◽  
L Lawlor ◽  
K Gorman ◽  
J Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
Childhood Vaccines

AbstractObjectiveTo administer the Parent Attitudes Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire to assess vaccine hesitancy and its relationship with non-vaccination.DesignA cross-sectional study using the 15-item PACV questionnaire, with sociodemographic questions.SettingOutpatient department in a tertiary paediatric hospital, Dublin, Ireland.ParticipantsParents/caregivers of children attending general paediatric clinics.Main outcome measuresPACV score and reported non-vaccination. We assessed sociodemographic factors associated with PACV score and accuracy of the PACV in predicting non-vaccination.ResultsIn total, 436 participants completed the questionnaire. 5.5% of our population reported non-vaccination. HPV and MMR vaccines were the most commonly cited vaccines of concern (11.5% and 6.7% respectively) and autism spectrum disorder was the most commonly side effect of concern (4.3%). Mean PACV score was 26.9 (SD 19.1), with a significant difference between non-vaccinators and vaccinators (53.2 vs 25.3, p<0.001). Safety and efficacy concerns were the major contributor to non-vaccination. 14.4% of our population were vaccine-hesitant using the conventional cut-off score, which increased to 22% when using an optimal cut-off which maximised sensitivity and specificity. The accuracy of the PACV score to identify non-vaccination was good (area under the ROC curve = 0.827) and the optimal cut-off had a high negative predictive value (98.5%).ConclusionsPACV identified non-vaccination with high accuracy in our population. It may be useful to screen vaccine hesitant parents who could benefit from interventions to improve uptake.

scholarly journals Self-reported competency, knowledge and practices of teachers teaching primary children with autism in government schools of West Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Jo Ann Andoy-Galvan ◽  
Sapna Shridhar Patil ◽  
Prabhagari Nair Ramalingam ◽  
Muhammad Aminul Syahmi Bin Shobri ◽  
Karuthan Chinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Implementation Practices

Background: Disability brings challenges and demands in the family and society which last for a long time.  Children that are affected by disability are often kept at home, without access to opportunities other children might have, and education is one of the most effective ways to break the cycle of discrimination and poverty. Malaysia is committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and teacher quality issues are among the Ministry of Education's focuses to ensure a successful journey for pupils with disabilities. In this study, we evaluated the competency, knowledge and implementation practices of teachers serving government schools in West Malaysia regarding teaching children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: 832 primary teachers from different states of West Malaysia participated in a web-based survey that assessed self-reported competency, knowledge and implementation practices with regards to managing children with autism spectrum disorder.  Results: Respondents rated themselves as quite competent, and believed that they were knowledgeable regarding ASD and could implement ASD tasks.  Frequency of training was a consistent predictor of competency. Respondents who had never attended a training course had significantly lower self-competency, lower level of knowledge, and lower implementation ratings than those who had attended even one course. Conclusions: Investments in training teachers on ASD are highly recommended to ensure these students are provided with quality of education they deserve.

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