scholarly journals SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLVATION OF BARIUUM DIPHENYLAMINESULFONATE IN ETHANOL-WATER MIXED SOLVENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Esam A. GOMAA ◽  
Elsayed M. ABOU ELLEET ◽  
E. T. HELMY ◽  
Sh. M. DEFRAWY
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Solution Processes ◽  
Solvation Processes

The aim of this study was to determine the thermodynamic functions, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy for the solution processes of barium diphenylaminesulfonate in the mixed solvent (ethanol+water) were calculated from solubility values obtained at temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 308.15 K. The respective thermodynamic, functions for mixing and solvation processes, as well as the activity coefficients for the solute were calculated. The solubility of solutes in mixed solvents depends primarily on the solvation of the solutes or their constituent ions by the components of the solvent mixtures. In this study, the solubility of this barium diphenyla1ninesuifonate in the mixed solvent (ethanol + water by value percent of ethanol= 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% by volume), was determined at different temperature by the solvent evaporation method. The results enable us to estimate the value of thermodynamic solubility product, Kop(th), of barium diphenylaminesulfonate in the mixed solvent. In addition, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy for the solution processes, and free energies of transfer of barium diphenyla1ninesulfonate units from water to the ethanol solutions were also calculated in order to estimate the contributions of solute-solvent interactions related to ion association are based on changes in the electrostatic properties of the solvent, solute, and ion salvation as itself as on the ionic strength of the medium.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic study of the solubility of ibuprofen in acetone and dichloromethane

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Marcela Aragón ◽  
Jaiver Eduardo Rosas ◽  
Fleming Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Dipolar Interactions ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Solution Processes ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Solvation Processes

Thermodynamic functions, Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy for the solution processes of ibuprofen (IBP) in acetone and dichloromethane (DCM) were calculated from solubility values obtained at temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 313.15 K. The respective thermodynamic functions for mixing and solvation processes as well as the activity coefficients for the solute were calculated. IBP solubility was high and proved similar in both solvents but was greater in DCM than acetone. In addition, the thermodynamic quantities for the transfer process of this drug from cyclohexane to the organic solvents were also calculated in order to estimate the contributions of hydrogen-bonds or of other dipolar interactions. The results were discussed in terms of solute-solvent interactions.

Viscosity Properties of Electrolytes in Propylene Carbonate Based Lithium Battery Electrolyte Solutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianji Wang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Kelei Zhuo ◽  
Ruisen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Range Interaction ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Molecular Nature

AbstractViscosities of LiClO4 and LiBr have been measured in solvent mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) with dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (AN) and methyl formate (MF) at 298.15K. The dependence of viscosity on the composition of the mixed solvents was fitted with an equation without adjustable parameter. Viscosity B-coefficients for lithium salts and the corresponding activation free energies (Δμ0,≠) for viscous flow have been evaluated. At the same time, viscosity B-coefficients were predicted by the dielectric friction theory. The unsuccessful prediction of the composition dependence of the B-coefficients indicates that improvements will be necessary on the theory with taking account of the short-range interaction and molecular nature of the solvents. Furthermore, solute–solvent interactions in these mixed solvents are discussed in terms of the B-coefficients and activation parameters.

scholarly journals A review on conductometric studies of electrolytes in mixed solvent systems to understand ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5355-5360
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvent Systems

The study of ion- solvent interaction is of much importance to investigate the nature of different solutions. Measurement of electrical conductivity and evaluation of physico-chemical properties, such as molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, ion-pair association, Walden product etc. shade light on different intermolecular interactions present in electrolyte solutions. Solvation properties can be varied by mixing two or more solvents. An extensive literature survey on conductometric studies has been carried out on different electrolytes dissolved in a wide range of mixed solvent systems. The reported results show that strong solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions are responsible for the physico- chemical behavior of a solution in mixed solvents.

Thermodynamics of transfer of p-nitroaniline from water to alcohol + water mixtures at 25 °C and the structure of water in these media

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (23) ◽  
pp. 3961-3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumardev Bose ◽  
Kiron K. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Solvent Structure ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Thermodynamics Of Transfer ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Composition Profiles

Free energies (ΔGt0) and entropies (ΔSt0) of transfer at 25 °C of the nonelectrolyte p-nitroaniline from water to various alcohol + water mixtures have been determined from solubility measurements at seven temperatures from 10–40 °C. Increasing specific solute–solvent interactions have been proposed to interpret the nature of the ΔGt0-composition profiles and the enhanced structure of water in the water-rich mixed solvents has been correlated with maxima in the ΔSt0-composition profiles. The effectiveness of p-nitroaniline as a useful probe for studying solvent structure has been pointed out.

scholarly journals A review on conductometric studies of electrolytes in mixed solvent systems to understand ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5332-5337
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvent Systems

The study of ion- solvent interaction is of much importance to investigate the nature of different solutions. Measurement of electrical conductivity and evaluation of physico-chemical properties, such as molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, ion-pair association, Walden product etc. shade light on different intermolecular interactions present in electrolyte solutions. Solvation properties can be varied by mixing two or more solvents. An extensive literature survey on conductometric studies has been carried out on different electrolytes dissolved in a wide range of mixed solvent systems. The reported results show that strong solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions are responsible for the physico- chemical behavior of a solution in mixed solvents.

A description of effect of composition of mixed binary solvents on processes in solutions

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Pytela ◽  
Miroslav Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Energy Change ◽  
Binary Solvents ◽  
Gibbs Energy Change ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Significant Difference

A theoretical description of the effect of changed composition of mixed solvents on processes in solutions has been suggested on the basis of the proportionality between the Gibbs energy change of the process and that of the solvent due to the transition from pure components to the mixture. The additional Gibbs energy has been expressed by means of the so-called classical functions by Margules, van Laar-Wohl, and van Laar-Null. The application to 115 various processes (pK, IR, UV-VIS, NMR, log k, and others) has confirmed that the theoretical presumptions are justified, the most suitable being Margules' 4th order model which shows a statistically significant difference from the models of lower orders.

A Comparative Study of Adsorption of Aliphatic Amines at a Gold Electrode

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Standard Gibbs Energy ◽  
Gold Surface ◽  
Experimental Dependence ◽  
Aliphatic Amines ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Amine Concentration

Adsorption of aliphatic amines (C1-C4) at the gold electrode was studied by tensammetry. It has been established that the experimental dependence between the gold surface coverage (Θ) and the bulk amine concentration (cA) fits satisfactorily both by the Frumkin and Flory-Huggins isotherms. The standard Gibbs energy of adsorption, ∆G°ad at Emax for Θ < 0.8 has been found to increase in the order methylamine < ethylamine < propylamine < butylamine. This is rationalised in terms of surface-adsorbate, adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-solvent interactions.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Stabilities of U(VI) Minerals: Estimated and Observed Relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Stability Diagrams ◽  
Activity Diagrams ◽  
Mineral Stability ◽  
Mineral Compositions

ABSTRACTGibbs free energies of formation (ΔG°ƒ) for several structurally related U(VI) minerals are estimated by summing the Gibbs energy contributions from component oxides. The estimated ΔG°f values are used to construct activity-activity (stability) diagrams, and the predicted stability fields are compared with observed mineral occurrences and reaction pathways. With some exceptions, natural occurrences agree well with the mineral stability fields estimated for the systems Sio2-Cao-Uo3-UOH2O and Co2-caO-UO3-H2O providing confidence in the estimated thermodynamic values. Activity-activity diagrams are sensitive to small differences in ΔG°f values, and mineral compositions must be known accurately, including structurally bound H2O. The estimated ΔG°f values are not considered reliable for a few minerals for two major reasons: (1) the structures of the minerals in question are not closely similar to those used to estimate the ΔG°f* values of the component oxides, and/or (2) the minerals in question are exceptionally fine grained, leading to large surface energies that increase the effective mineral solubilities.

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