scholarly journals The influence of changes in emotional stimulus and task presentation interval on UFOV

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
pp. 1C-042-1C-042
Author(s):  
Naoko Masuda ◽  
Naoko Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stimulus ◽  
Task Presentation ◽  
And Task

Psychology of Computer Use: XXXVIII. Compatibility of Task Presentation and Task Structure in Human-Computer Interaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baijun Zhao ◽  
Gavriel Salvendy
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Graphic Presentation ◽  
Task Presentation ◽  
And Task

Task presentation concerns how information is presented. Previous studies of differences between the alphanumeric presentation and the graphic presentation of task information have reported inconclusive or inconsistent results because the effect of task structure and its interaction with task presentation have been ignored. This study explored the compatibility between task presentation and task structure. Two forms of task presentation, namely, the alphanumeric presentation and the graphic presentation, were examined. Two types of task structure, namely, linear procedural and conditional branching, were examined. A nested factorial experiment was conducted for a comprehension of computer programs. Program code written in C programming language was used as the alphanumeric presentation of computer programs. Flowchart was the graphic presentation of computer programs. 32 subjects participated, 16 being exposed only to the alphanumeric presentation, while another 16 were exposed only to the graphic presentation. Each subject performed tasks with both types of structure. Four measures were collected, task completion time, number of errors, subjective rating of task difficulty, and subjective rating of mental workload. Analysis indicated significant interaction between presentation and the structure of task on all four measures. On each measure, the graphic flowchart presentation was more compatible with the conditional branching tasks than the alphanumeric program code presentation. On the two subjective measures of task difficulty and mental workload, the alphanumeric program code presentation was more compatible with the linear procedural tasks than the graphic flowchart presentation.

The Effects of Domain Experience and Task Presentation Format on Accountants' Information Relevance Assurance

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Vera-Mun˜oz ◽  
William R. Kinney ◽  
Sarah E. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Problem Representation ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Information Relevance ◽  
Knowledge Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Task Presentation ◽  
And Task

Information relevance advisory services offer growth opportunities for accountants in CPA firms, but we know little about the types of knowledge needed to provide high-quality advice. In a two-stage experiment, accountants with different management and public accounting experiences (that we suggest lead to different types of knowledge) receive task information in alternative formats, and develop relevant information for a client's decision. We find that participants are more likely to choose an appropriate problem representation when they receive an appropriate task format or when they have more management or public accounting experience (stage one). Also, when participants choose an appropriate problem representation, more management accounting experience improves their development of relevant information, but more public accounting experience does not (stage two). Our results suggest that tailored task presentation and domain experience that facilitates acquisition of multiple knowledge types improve accountants' information relevance advice.

Evidence for the side-effect effect in young children: Influence of bilingualism and task presentation format

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Michelin ◽  
Sandra Pellizzoni ◽  
Maria A. Tallandini ◽  
Michael Siegal
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
Task Presentation ◽  
And Task

When Hearing Does Not Mean Understanding: On the Neural Processing of Syntactically Complex Sentences by Listeners With Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Margreet Vogelzang ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann ◽  
Jochem W. Rieger ◽  
Esther Ruigendijk
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Sentence Complexity ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Task

Purpose Adults with mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss typically exhibit issues with speech understanding, but their processing of syntactically complex sentences is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that listeners with hearing loss' difficulties with comprehension and processing of syntactically complex sentences are due to the processing of degraded input interfering with the successful processing of complex sentences. Method We performed a neuroimaging study with a sentence comprehension task, varying sentence complexity (through subject–object order and verb–arguments order) and cognitive demands (presence or absence of a secondary task) within subjects. Groups of older subjects with hearing loss ( n = 20) and age-matched normal-hearing controls ( n = 20) were tested. Results The comprehension data show effects of syntactic complexity and hearing ability, with normal-hearing controls outperforming listeners with hearing loss, seemingly more so on syntactically complex sentences. The secondary task did not influence off-line comprehension. The imaging data show effects of group, sentence complexity, and task, with listeners with hearing loss showing decreased activation in typical speech processing areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. No interactions between group, sentence complexity, and task were found in the neuroimaging data. Conclusions The results suggest that listeners with hearing loss process speech differently from their normal-hearing peers, possibly due to the increased demands of processing degraded auditory input. Increased cognitive demands by means of a secondary visual shape processing task influence neural sentence processing, but no evidence was found that it does so in a different way for listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners.

The Production of Gesture and Speech by People With Aphasia: Influence of Communicative Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4417-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola de Beer ◽  
Jan P. de Ruiter ◽  
Martina Hielscher-Fastabend ◽  
Katharina Hogrefe
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Gesture Production ◽  
And Task ◽  
Group Effects

Purpose People with aphasia (PWA) use different kinds of gesture spontaneously when they communicate. Although there is evidence that the nature of the communicative task influences the linguistic performance of PWA, so far little is known about the influence of the communicative task on the production of gestures by PWA. We aimed to investigate the influence of varying communicative constraints on the production of gesture and spoken expression by PWA in comparison to persons without language impairment. Method Twenty-six PWA with varying aphasia severities and 26 control participants (CP) without language impairment participated in the study. Spoken expression and gesture production were investigated in 2 different tasks: (a) spontaneous conversation about topics of daily living and (b) a cartoon narration task, that is, retellings of short cartoon clips. The frequencies of words and gestures as well as of different gesture types produced by the participants were analyzed and tested for potential effects of group and task. Results Main results for task effects revealed that PWA and CP used more iconic gestures and pantomimes in the cartoon narration task than in spontaneous conversation. Metaphoric gestures, deictic gestures, number gestures, and emblems were more frequently used in spontaneous conversation than in cartoon narrations by both participant groups. Group effects show that, in both tasks, PWA's gesture-to-word ratios were higher than those for the CP. Furthermore, PWA produced more interactive gestures than the CP in both tasks, as well as more number gestures and pantomimes in spontaneous conversation. Conclusions The current results suggest that PWA use gestures to compensate for their verbal limitations under varying communicative constraints. The properties of the communicative task influence the use of different gesture types in people with and without aphasia. Thus, the influence of communicative constraints needs to be considered when assessing PWA's multimodal communicative abilities.

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