The Spread of the Lengthening Time Effect of Emotions in Memory: A Test in the Setting of the Central Tendency Effect

The aim of the present study was to test how the perception of an emotional stimulus colors the temporal context of judgment and modifies the participant’s perception of the current neutral duration. Participants were given two ready-set-go tasks consisting of a distribution of short (0.5–0.9 s) or long sample intervals (0.9–1.3 s) with an overlapping 0.9-s interval. Additional intervals were introduced in the temporal distribution. These were neutral for the two temporal tasks in a control condition and emotional for the short, but not the long temporal task in an emotion condition. The results indicated a replication of a kind of Vierordt’s law in the control condition, i.e., the temporal judgment toward the mean of the distribution of sample intervals (central tendency effect). However, there was a shift in the central tendency effect in the emotion condition indicating a general bias in the form of an overestimation of current intervals linked to the presence of a few emotional stimuli among the previous intervals. This finding is entirely consistent with timing mechanisms driven by prior duration context, particularly experience of prior emotional duration.

Validation of New Methods of Using Simulated Whole-Body Movements as Implicit Indicators of Sound and Odor Preferences

Would you get close to a stinky perfume bottle or to a loudspeaker producing noise? In this paper, we present two procedures that allowed us to assess the ability of auditory and olfactory cues to elicit automatic approach/avoidance reactions toward their sources. The procedures resulted from an adaptation of the Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST; Rougier et al., 2018), a task having the peculiarity of simulating approach/avoidance reactions by using visual feedback coming from the whole-body movements. In the auditory VAAST (Experiment 1), participants were instructed to move forward or backward from a loudspeaker that produced spoken words differentiated by their level of distortion and thus by their hedonic value. In the olfactory VAAST (Experiment 2), participants were asked to move forward or backward from a perfume bottle that delivered pleasant and unpleasant odors. We expected, consistent with the approach/avoidance compatibility effect, shorter latencies for approaching positive stimuli and avoiding negative stimuli. In both experiments, we found an effect of the quality of the emotional stimulus on forward actions of participants, with undistorted words and pleasant odors inducing faster forward movements compared with that for distorted words and unpleasant odors. Notably, our results further suggest that the VAAST can successfully be used with implicit instructions, i.e., without requiring participants to explicitly process the valence of the emotional stimulus (in Experiment 1) or even the emotional stimulus itself (in Experiment 2). The sensitivity of our procedures is analyzed and its potential in cross-modal and (contextualized) consumer research discussed.

Deep Neural Networks for Depression Recognition Based on 2D and 3D Facial Expressions Under Emotional Stimulus Tasks

The proportion of individuals with depression has rapidly increased along with the growth of the global population. Depression has been the currently most prevalent mental health disorder. An effective depression recognition system is especially crucial for the early detection of potential depression risk. A depression-related dataset is also critical while evaluating the system for depression or potential depression risk detection. Due to the sensitive nature of clinical data, availability and scale of such datasets are scarce. To our knowledge, there are few extensively practical depression datasets for the Chinese population. In this study, we first create a large-scale dataset by asking subjects to perform five mood-elicitation tasks. After each task, subjects' audio and video are collected, including 3D information (depth information) of facial expressions via a Kinect. The constructed dataset is from a real environment, i.e., several psychiatric hospitals, and has a specific scale. Then we propose a novel approach for potential depression risk recognition based on two kinds of different deep belief network (DBN) models. One model extracts 2D appearance features from facial images collected by an optical camera, while the other model extracts 3D dynamic features from 3D facial points collected by a Kinect. The final decision result comes from the combination of the two models. Finally, we evaluate all proposed deep models on our built dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) our proposed method is able to identify patients with potential depression risk; (2) the recognition performance of combined 2D and 3D features model outperforms using either 2D or 3D features model only; (3) the performance of depression recognition is higher in the positive and negative emotional stimulus, and females' recognition rate is generally higher than that for males. Meanwhile, we compare the performance with other methods on the same dataset. The experimental results show that our integrated 2D and 3D features DBN is more reasonable and universal than other methods, and the experimental paradigm designed for depression is reasonable and practical.

Emotion and Brain Oscillations: High Arousal is Associated with Decreases in Alpha- and Lower Beta-Band Power

The study of brain oscillations associated with emotional picture processing has revealed conflicting findings. Although many studies observed a decrease in power in the alpha- and lower beta band, some studies observed an increase. Accordingly, the main aim of the present research series was to further elucidate whether emotional stimulus processing is related to an increase or decrease in alpha/beta power. In Study 1, participants (N = 16) viewed briefly presented (150 ms) high-arousing erotic and low-arousing people pictures. Picture presentation included a passive viewing condition and an active picture categorization task. Study 2 (N = 16) replicated Study 1 with negative valence stimuli (mutilations). In Study 3 (N = 18), stimulus materials of Study 1 and 2 were used. The main finding is that high-arousing pictures (erotica and mutilations) are associated with a decrease of power in the alpha/beta band across studies and task conditions. The effect peaked in occipitoparietal sensors between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. Furthermore, a late (>1000 ms) alpha/beta power increase to mutilation pictures was observed, possibly reflecting top–down inhibitory control processes. Overall, these findings suggest that brain oscillations in the alpha/beta-band may serve as a useful measure of emotional stimulus processing.

RATING OF THE VALENCE OF TWENTY NEGATIVES IMAGES FROM IAPS BY A SAMPLE OF MOROCCAN NURSE STUDENTS

This study aims to rate twenty negative images from IAPS among a sample nurse students. We compare the mean valences between males and females and between participants from the final semester and participants from the first semester. The comparison of the mean valences values between the current study and the norm mean valence values from IAPS was established. null We tested 100 students from Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technics of Health, Rabat, Morocco, were recruited. The panel valence from SAM was cued to evaluate the perceived pleasure and unpleased degree after exposing the different images from IAPS to the participants. The displeasure degree among nurse students from final semester is lower than that of the first semester with a significant difference in sixteen images. Regarding the difference between males and females, the significant difference was observed only in five images. The all images evaluated by participant were perceived as negative (valence <4). Regarding the comparison of the mean valences values between a the current study and the norm mean valence values from IAPS significant differences were observed. Nurse students from the final semester, compared to the first semester students, perceived the negative images assessed as less unpleasant. However, we noted that the all images have kept the negative aspect. These results show that these images can be used as a negative emotional stimulus among this population.

An introduction to the emotional impact modeling method of an event

This study develops a new way to model the emotional impact on a particular individual (person,group,...) that may have feelings, to any event or any information. The significance of an event or aninformation depends on the person undergoing it. Each person reacts emotionally differently to a samesituation in terms of intensity and/or type of emotion. A particular same event is therefore perceivedsubjectively different by each individual. The reason is that each person has his own personality, hisown experience, his own history, his own education and tradition ...In this study, we assume that all the Events / Information have common interpretable points relativeto each individual: Who is in the event ?, What is done? When it is done? Where it is done?How often/much it is done? Why it is done? and How it is done? Each element of the vector[Who; What; When; Where; How Much; Why; How] will be called as an emotional stimulus andwill be mathematically modeled relatively to the studied individual. These stimuli, interpreted differentlyby each individual, will be the starting point for the creation of emotions at different intensities. Theobjective of this study is to mathematically link these different stimuli to the intensity of the resultingemotions following an event relatively to an individual.