scholarly journals STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INDEX (SPEI) AS A TOOL TO DETERMINE THE HYDROLOGICAL DYNAMIC OF PLAIN REGIONS (ARGENTINA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-637
Author(s):  
Vanesa Yael BOHN ◽  
María Cintia PICCOLO
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Northern Site ◽  
Calculation Data ◽  
The North

The Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) in a 12-months timescale was used to define wet, normal and dry cycles in four representative sites of climatic sub regions of the Central Plains of Argentina. The studied period was 1980-2016. Hydrological dynamic was defined by analysis of shallow lakes areal variations and hydrological deficits and exceeds calculation. Data ranges and frequency of data were statistically analyzed. Along the studied period, the frequency of normal and humid years was higher than the dry ones. Nineteen eighty-five, 2008 and 2009 were some dry years, defined by SPEI. Effectively, regarding hydrological dynamic, there was noted a decrease (from 0.9 % to 96 %) of the shallow lakes areas during the aforementioned periods, in relation with their area during the humid ones. Hydrological deficit were noted during the 1995 and 2008 dry years in the site of the north and the rest of the sites, respectively. Also, exceeds amounts showed a response to the climatological cycles, during extremely wet years (i.e.: 1998 (NW of the studied area), 2001 (center), 2002 (NE) and 2009, in the northern site).

scholarly journals Rise and Fall of the Grand Canal in the Ancient Kaifeng City of China: Role of the Grand Canal and Water Supply in Urban and Regional Development

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Wenji Huang ◽  
Mingwang Xi ◽  
Shibao Lu ◽  
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Grand Canal ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Song Dynasty ◽  
Political Center ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
The Grand Canal

In the long history of the feudal society of China, Kaifeng played a vital role. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng became a worldwide metropolis. The important reason was that the Grand Canal, which was excavated during the Sui Dynasty, became the main transportation artery for the political and military center of the north and the economic center of the south. Furthermore, Kaifeng was located at the center of the Grand Canal, which made it the capital of the later Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was called “the canal-centered era.” The development of the canal caused a series of major changes in the society of the Northern Song Dynasty that were different from the previous ones, which directly led to the transportation revolution, and in turn, promoted the commercial revolution and the urbanization of Kaifeng. The development of commerce contributed to the agricultural and money revolutions. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the political center moved to the south. During the Yuan Dynasty, the excavation of the Grand Canal made it so that water transport did not have to pass through the Central Plains. The relocation of the political center and the change in the canal route made Kaifeng lose the value of connecting the north and south, resulting in the long-time fall of the Bianhe River. Kaifeng, which had prospered for more than 100 years, declined gradually, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, it became a common town in the Central Plains. In ancient China, the rise and fall of cities and regions were closely related to the canal, and the relationship between Kaifeng and the Grand Canal was typical. The history may provide some inspiration for the increasingly severe urban and regional sustainable development issues in contemporary times.

Electromagnetic images of the Trans-Hudson orogen: the North American Central Plains anomaly revealed

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G Jones ◽  
Juanjo Ledo ◽  
Ian J Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
North American ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Lithospheric Mantle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conductivity Anomaly ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Slave Craton ◽  
The North ◽  
Kimberlite Field

Magnetotelluric studies of the Trans-Hudson orogen over the last two decades, prompted by the discovery of a significant conductivity anomaly beneath the North American Central Plains (NACP), from over 300 sites yield an extensive database for interrogation and enable three-dimensional information to be obtained about the geometry of the orogen from southern North Dakota to northern Saskatchewan. The NACP anomaly is remarkable in its continuity along strike, testimony to along-strike similarity of orogenic processes. Where bedrock is exposed, the anomaly can be associated with sulphides that were metamorphosed during subduction and compression and penetratively emplaced deep within the crust of the internides of the orogen to the boundary of the Hearne margin. A new result from this compilation is the discovery of an anomaly within the upper mantle beginning at depths of ~80–100 km. This lithospheric mantle conductor has electrical properties similar to those for the central Slave craton mantle conductor, which lies directly beneath the major diamond-producing Lac de Gras kimberlite field. While the Saskatchewan mantle conductor does not directly underlie the Fort à la Corne kimberlite, which is associated with the Sask craton, the spatial correspondence is close.

The pattern of archaeological cultures in northern China during the Eastern Zhou Period to the Qin Dynasty – also on the interactions among the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups and the Central Plains

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Yueying Shan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Eastern Zhou ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Cultural Features

Abstract Through the systematic trimming and analysis to the remains of the archaeological cultures of the Eastern Zhou Period through the Qin Dynasty in northern China, this paper puts forward that during this period, there were two cultural zones (the north and south cultural “belts”) with clearly different cultural features and connotations and peoples bearing clearly different physical characteristics in northern China, and discussed the regional differences of the remains of the archaeological cultures in each cultural belt and their developments and changes. The cultures in the south cultural belt could not be regarded as a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but a kind of culture peculiar to the transitional zone between the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes and that in the Central Plains; the development and evolution of the north cultural belt, which emerged in the mid to the late Spring-and-Autumn Period, can be divided into three clear phases: the first phase was a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but since the second phase, the cultural features and connotations of this belt began to stray out of the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, which would be closely related to the military conquering and political management of the Central Plains polities and the powerful northward advance of the cultures of the Central Plains. Referring to the relevant historic literature, this paper made further observations to the interactions among the polities of the Central Plains and the peoples in these two cultural belts and the changes of the cultural patterns in each of the two cultural belts, and revealed the processes of the Sinicization of the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups in northern China. This paper pointed out that the Hu ethnic group lived in northern China since the mid Spring-and-Autumn Period, and the later appearance of the Hu people in the historic literatures was related to the northward advances of the territories of polities of the Central Plains rather than the southward invasion of the nomadic tribes living in the present-day Mongolian Plateau.

Subsidence and Flooding in Bangkok

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noppadol Phienwej ◽  
Prinya Nutalaya
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Central Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Chao Phraya River ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is situated on flat, low land in the southern part of the Central Plain, one of the main physical units of the country. Through the heart of the city, the Chao Phraya flows from the north and discharges into the Gulf of Thailand, 25 km south of the city centre. The city was founded in 1782, and in its early years numerous klongs (canals) were dug for transportation and defence uses. These canals became corridors of early development, and banks were lined with houses, shop-houses, and temples, etc. With the beauty of its waterway landscape, Bangkok was once dubbed the Venice of the East. Unfortunately, such a resemblance no longer exists as most of the canals have been backfilled to make room for road construction in recent urbanization. The Bangkok metropolis, which at present has a population in excess of 10 million, has expanded rapidly on both banks of the river since 1950. It has encroached into surrounding provinces, covering an area of approximately 60 × 70 km. Owing to its flat topography and close proximity to the sea, flooding threatens the city annually. Modern urbanization has resulted in the drastic destruction or blockage of natural drainage paths, increasing the flood risk to the city. Severe land subsidence from excessive groundwater extraction since the 1960s has intensified the flood risk, as well as creating numerous foundation problems. At present the land surface in some areas is already below mean sea level. The city now has to rely on a flood protection system to prevent inundation. However, its effectiveness is only temporary because land subsidence has not yet ceased. The Central Plain is formed by the Chao Phraya River, the largest in the country. The river basin stretches from the Northern Highland to the Central Plain and covers about one-third of the country (514 000 km2). The Central Plain can be divided into the Upper and Lower Central Plains. The former extends from Tak to Nakhon Sawan Provinces. Four main rivers, namely, the Ping, the Wang, the Yom, and the Nan, which originate in the Northern Highland, traverse the plain and join together at Nakhon Sawan, 240 km north of Bangkok, to form the Chao Phraya River.

scholarly journals Occam's Inversion and the North American Central Plains Electrical Anomaly.

1993 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Degroot-Hedlin ◽  
Steven Constable
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Occam’S Inversion

A Middle Archaic Burial from East Central Kansas

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hoard ◽  
William E. Banks ◽  
Rolfe D. Mandel ◽  
Michael Finnegan ◽  
Jennifer E. Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Projectile Point ◽  
East Central ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Middle Archaic

In late 2001, investigators excavated a solitary Middle Archaic burial from the Plains-Prairie border in east-central Kansas. The burial was contained in a dissected colluvial apron at the foot of the valley wall, in a soil horizon that began accumulating around 9000 B.P. Burial goods include deer bone, a drill, and a side-notched projectile point/knife, the morphology of which is consistent with side-notched Middle Archaic points of the North American Central Plains and Midwest. Use-wear analysis shows that the stone tools were used before being placed with the burial and were not manufactured specifically as burial goods. A radiocarbon assay of the deer bone in direct association with the burial yielded a radiocarbon age of 6160 ± 35 B.P. This is one of only a few burials older than 5,000 years in the region. Comparison of this burial to other coeval regional burials shows similarities in burial practices.

scholarly journals The North American Central Plains Conductivity Anomaly

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Alabi ◽  
P. A. Camfield ◽  
D. I. Gough
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Conductivity Anomaly ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
The North
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