Author(s):  
Ann Stalter ◽  
Deborah Arms

If you have ever thought about serving on a board or being actively involved in meetings aimed at making policy decisions, but are not sure you have the knowledge, skills or abilities to serve competently, this article is for you! In this article, the authors describe six competencies needed by nurses who are serving on boards and/or policy committees so as to contribute in a productive manner. These competencies include a professional commitment to serving on a governing board; knowledge about board types, bylaws, and job descriptions; an understanding of standard business protocols, board member roles, and voting processes; a willingness to use principles for managing and leading effective and efficient board meetings; an appreciation for the ethical and legal processes for conducting meetings; and the ability to employ strategies for maintaining control during intense/uncivil situations. They also discuss strategies for demonstrating these competencies and describe personal responsibilities of board members. The authors conclude that a knowledge of these rules and standards is essential in order for nurses to assume leadership roles that will enhance the health of today’s and tomorrow’s societies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Tatyana Viktorovna Gololobova ◽  
Salavat Khamitovich Sarmanaev ◽  
Sergey Zenin ◽  
Aleksey Yuryevich Shirokov ◽  
Georgiy Nikolaevich Suvorov

The study aims at identifying the core rules and standards for forming a legal model of inter-action between levels of public authority in a federal state during a pandemic. The authors have considered documents that regulate the process of interaction between public authorities during the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the doctrinal sources of law in Belgium, Germany, Canada, the USA, Switzerland, and Australia. In addition, they have analyzed the acts of the World Health Organization adopted during the COVID-19 epidemic and containing recom-mendations on the interaction of public authorities during a pandemic. The research methods were as follows: general philosophical, general and special scientific (structural-legal, compara-tive-legal, and formal-legal The authors have concluded that it is possible to introduce separate rules and standards for such interaction of public authorities during the period of a pandemic into the Russian legal system.


Author(s):  
Vaughan Lowe

The rules of international law come from two main sources: treaties and customary international law, both of which are created by States. States are bound by the rules with which they have chosen to bind themselves—rules to which they have consented. ‘Where does international law come from?’ explains how international law works and considers the nature of customary international law and of treaties. Systems of customary law, including customary international law, are rooted in the regularity of an identified practice, whereas a treaty is an agreement between States that is legally binding. Often the broad principles set out in laws have to be mediated through detailed technical rules and standards.


Author(s):  
Sten Hedberg

The emergence of electronic publishing has brought a need to revise established rules and standards within the information sector. Several countries have revised or are about to revise their legal deposit laws in order to safeguard new forms of published information. One of the first of these appeared in Norway in 1990; delivery is likely to be replaced by access during the active time of online service, after which the final version of the database will be delivered for archiving. There is a risk that countries such as Sweden, where legal deposit applies only to electronic documents such as CD-ROMs that are distributed through the usual retail channels, will lose that part of their cultural heritage that is accessible online only. ‘Metadata’ – bibliographical and other information on the document – should help to ensure that it continues to be accessible. ISO work on standardization for bibliographic references to electronic documents is nearly complete, and IFLA has updated the rules for standard bibliographic description for computer files.


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