Abuse of reformulated OxyContin: Updated findings from a sentinel surveillance sample of individuals assessed for substance use disorder

Objective: To examine abuse prevalence for OxyContin and comparator opioids over a 6-year period prior to and following market entry of reformulated OxyContin and assess consistency in abuse across treatment settings and geographic regions. Design: An observational study examining longitudinal changes using cross-sectional data from treatment centers for substance use disorder.Setting: A total of 874 facilities in 39 states in the United States within the National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program (NAVIPPRO®) surveillance system.Participants: Adults (72,060) assessed for drug problems using the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV®) from January 2009 through December 2015 who abused prescription opioids.Main outcome measure(s): Percent change in past 30-day abuse. Results: OxyContin had significantly lower abuse 5 years after reformulation compared to levels for original OxyContin. Consistency of magnitude in OxyContin abuse reductions across geographic regions, ranging from 41 to 52 percent with differences in abuse reductions in treatment setting categories occurred. Changes in geographic region and treatment settings across study years did not bias the estimate of lower OxyContin abuse through confounding.Conclusion: In the postmarket setting, limitations and methodologic challenges in abuse measurement exist and it is difficult to isolate singular impacts of any one intervention given the complexity of prescription opioid abuse. Expectations for a reasonable threshold of abuse for any one ADF product or ADF opioids as a class are still uncertain and undefined. A significant decline in abuse prevalence of reformulated OxyContin was observed 5 years after its reformulation among this treatment sample of individuals assessed for substance use disorder that was lower historically for the original formulation of this product.

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Functional performance in activities of daily living of individuals with a dual-diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance-use disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73072-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1367-1367

Author(s):

M. Desormeaux-Lefebvre ◽

B. Tallant ◽

I. Gelinas ◽

N. Lariviere

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Dual Diagnosis ◽

Daily Living ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Addiction Severity Index ◽

Grocery Shopping ◽

Cross Sectional

IntroductionResearch on functional performance of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use is limited, focusing primarily on cognitive impairments. Research findings are conflicting, making it difficult to understand how these individuals function despite their cognitive impairments. There is a need to use performance-based assessments to understand how individuals with a dual-diagnosis accomplish their daily living activities.AimsTo describe the functional performance of individuals with a dual-diagnosis in two activities of daily living, using a performance-based assessment.ObjectivesTo compare the functional performance of individuals with a dual-diagnosis, in grocery shopping and budgeting.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study included ten participants with a dual-diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance-use disorder, aged 21 to 35, living independently in the community. They were evaluated on two tasks, budgeting and grocery shopping, using the Perceive-Recall-Plan-Perform (PRPP) system of task analysis (Chapparo & Ranka, 2005). The PRPP is a standardized criterion-referenced task-based assessment, and is valuable in describing individuals’ community functioning with regards to information-processing difficulties. Substance use was evaluated with the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1989).ResultsPreliminary results indicate lower scores on both tasks, in the planning quadrant of the PRPP, particularly the evaluating sub-quadrant, which involves cognitive monitoring and appraisal processes. This trend occurs despite the participant's prior familiarity with tasks. Conclusions: This study is a first step in describing the functional performance of individuals with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance use in activities of daily living. This information will lead to improved rehabilitation for these clients.

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Receipt of Substance Use Counseling Among Ambulatory Patients Prescribed Opioids in the United States

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178221819894588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117822181989458

Author(s):

Kirk E Evoy ◽

Charles E Leonard ◽

Jordan R Covvey ◽

Leslie Ochs ◽

Alyssa M Peckham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Substance Use ◽

Ambulatory Care ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Opioid Analgesics ◽

The United States ◽

Prescription Opioid ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Reduction Measures

Background: As opioid-related overdose deaths climb in the U.S., risk reduction measures are increasingly important. One such measure recommended involves provision of proactive substance use counseling regarding the risks of opioid analgesics. This is particularly important in patients at increased risk of overdose, such as those with substance use disorders (SUD) or those receiving concomitant medications that further increase the overdose risk (eg, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, or Z-hypnotics). However, previous research regarding the likelihood that such counseling is provided during outpatient prescriber visits is lacking. Objectives: To determine the percentage of U.S. ambulatory care visits in which patients taking prescription opioids received substance use counseling, and whether counseling was more common in patients with concomitant GABAergic medication(s) (benzodiazepine, gabapentinoid or Z-hypnotic) or substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of all patients aged ⩾18 years identified as having a prescription opioid on their medication list within the 2014-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data. Results: Among 162.7 million visits in which patients were taking opioid medication(s), substance use counseling was provided in 2.4%. During visits for patients receiving opioid(s) plus GABAergic(s), substance use counseling was marginally more common (3.1% versus 2.0%, P < .0001). Substance use counseling was also more common among visits for patients taking opioid(s) with SUD (18.9% versus 1.5%, P < .0001). Among visits in which a patient was diagnosed with SUD and taking opioid(s) plus GABAergic(s), counseling was more common (23.1% versus 1.4%, P < .0001) compared to patients taking opioid(s) plus GABAergic(s) without SUD. Conclusions: Among national ambulatory care visits in the United States, substance use counseling is provided infrequently for patients taking opioids, even when significant risk factors are present. Increasing patient education may help reduce opioid-related overdose mortality.

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Geography, Race/Ethnicity, and Physical Activity Among Men in the United States

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316689498 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1019-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elizabeth Kelley Sohn ◽

Tichelle Porch ◽

Sarah Hill ◽

Roland J. Thorpe

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

United States ◽

White Men ◽

The United States ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Geographic Regions

Engaging in regular physical activity reduces one’s risk of chronic disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. These preventive benefits associated with physical activity are of particular importance for men, who have shorter life expectancy and experience higher rates of chronic diseases as compared to women. Studies at the community and national levels have found that social and environmental factors are important determinants of men’s physical activity, but little is known about how regional influences affect physical activity behaviors among men. The objective of this study is to examine the association between geographic region and physical activity among men in the United States, and to determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in physical activity within these geographic regions. Cross-sectional data from men who participated the 2000 to 2010 National Health Interview Survey ( N = 327,556) was used. The primary outcome in this study was whether or not men had engaged in sufficient physical activity to receive health benefits, defined as meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Race/ethnicity and geographic region were the primary independent variables. Within every region, Hispanic and Asian men had lower odds of engaging in sufficient physical activity compared to white men. Within the Northeast, South, and West, black men had lower odds of engaging in sufficient physical activity compared to white men. The key findings indicate that the odds of engaging in sufficient physical activity among men differ significantly between geographic regions and within regions by race/ethnicity.

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Distinct Facets of Impulsivity Exhibit Differential Associations with Substance Use Disorder Treatment Processes: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Investigation Among Military Veterans

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ◽

10.1016/j.jsat.2015.02.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adrienne J. Heinz ◽

Leena Bui ◽

Katherine M. Thomas ◽

Daniel M. Blonigen

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Military Veterans ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Disorder Treatment ◽

Prospective Investigation

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Substance Use Disorder: A Model for Integration in Undergraduate Medical Education

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development ◽

10.1177/23821205211025859 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 238212052110258

Author(s):

Haritha Pavuluri ◽

Nicolas Poupore ◽

William Michael Schmidt ◽

Samantha Gabrielle Boniface ◽

Meenu Jindal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Substance Use ◽

South Carolina ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

The United States ◽

University Of South Carolina ◽

Community Recovery ◽

School Of Medicine ◽

Treatment Gaps ◽

The University

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a debilitating chronic illness with significant morbidity and mortality across the United States. The AAMC and LCME have supported the efforts for more effective medical education of SUD to address the existing stigma, knowledge, and treatment gaps. The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated social, economic, and behavioral impacts have added to this urgency. The University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville (USCSOMG), in collaboration with community organizations, has successfully implemented an integrated SUD education curriculum for medical students. Students learn about SUD in basic sciences, receive case-based education during clinical exercises, and are provided the opportunity to become a recovery coach and participate in the patient and family recovery meetings through this curriculum during preclinical years. During the clinical years, SUD education is enhanced with exposure to Medication for Addition Treatment (MAT). Students also partake in the care coordination of patients with SUD between the hospital and community recovery organizations. All students receive MAT waiver training in their final year and are prepared to prescribe treatment for SUD upon graduation. The experiences in this integrated curriculum integration can perhaps assist other organizations to implement similar components and empower the next generation of physicians to be competent and effective in treating patients with SUD.

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Hepatitis C Virus Screening among Medicaid-Insured Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder across Substance Use Disorder Treatment Settings

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.1080/10826084.2020.1858106 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Sugy Choi ◽

Shannon Healy ◽

Liudmila Shapoval ◽

Sarah Forthal ◽

Charles J. Neighbors

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Opioid Use Disorder ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

Disorder Treatment ◽

Virus Screening ◽

Treatment Settings

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Wishing to work: New perspectives on how adolescents’ part-time work intensity is linked to educational disengagement, substance use, and other problem behaviours

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1080/01650250244000281 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 301-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Jerald G. Bachman ◽

Deborah J. Safron ◽

Susan Rogala Sy ◽

John E. Schulenberg

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

The United States ◽

Work Intensity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Year ◽

Problem Behaviours ◽

Time Work ◽

Educational Engagement ◽

Part Time ◽

Part Time Work

This study examines interrelations among students’ educational engagement, desired and actual school-year employment, substance use, and other problem behaviours. Cross-sectional findings from representative samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students in the United States, totalling over 300,000 respondents surveyed during the years 1992–1998, include the following: Large majorities of adolescents wish to work part-time during the school year, although most in earlier grades are not actually employed. Those who desire to work long hours tend to have low grades and low college aspirations; they are also more likely than average to use cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Students’ preferences for part-time work emerge at younger ages (i.e., earlier grades) than actual work, and the preferences show equal or stronger correlations with educational disengagement and problem behaviours.

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