Caffeine-carbohydrate mouth-rinsing counter-acts an observed negative effect of mouth-rinsing procedure during sprint endurance training performance in fasted athletes: A pilot study

AbstractA pilot study was performed to evaluate the safety and serological responses after co-administration of two multivalent inactivated vaccines to pregnant cattle. One vaccine was directed against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and contained antigens of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh). The second vaccine targeted neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) and was composed of inactivated antigens of bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCV) and E. coli. The use of these combinations have been used more and more by veterinary practitioners as there exist some clear evidence that both vaccines improves the passive protection via the colostrum for the relevant pathogens. However, up until now, no safety or efficacy data has been available concerning such co-administrations. The safety of both vaccines and the serological responses to the BRD vaccine has been evaluated when used at the same time, but without mixing and compared to the responses to the administration of each vaccine independently. There was no evidence of any negative effect on calving or calf health in any of the vaccinated animals. The antibody levels against BRSV and Mh in the sera of the calves from cows vaccinated with both vaccines were not significantly different from the levels in the sera of calves vaccinated with the BRD vaccine alone. The results from this pilot study demonstrated that the co-administration of the two multivalent inactivated vaccines had no detrimental effect on the safety or serological responses to the BRD vaccine compared to the independent use of the vaccines.

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Effects of Respiratory Muscle Endurance Training on Wheelchair Racing Performance in Athletes With Paraplegia: A Pilot Study

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine ◽

10.1097/jsm.0b013e318160c075 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 85-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gabi Mueller ◽

Claudio Perret ◽

Maria TE Hopman

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Respiratory Muscle ◽

Muscle Endurance ◽

Racing Performance ◽

Respiratory Muscle Endurance

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P6.4 THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING AND ENDURANCE TRAINING ON AUGMENTATION INDEX: A PILOT STUDY

Artery Research ◽

10.1016/j.artres.2014.09.155 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

I. Softley ◽

E. Kier ◽

S. Cooke ◽

M. Bowes ◽

L. Watkeys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Differential Effects

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What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3473

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Rothschild ◽

Andrew E. Kilding ◽

Daniel J. Plews

Keyword(s):

Endurance Training ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Exercise Duration ◽

Future Research ◽

Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽

Training Performance ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

And Performance ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Intensity Of Exercise

The primary variables influencing the adaptive response to a bout of endurance training are exercise duration and exercise intensity. However, altering the availability of nutrients before and during exercise can also impact the training response by modulating the exercise stimulus and/or the physiological and molecular responses to the exercise-induced perturbations. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current knowledge of the influence of pre-exercise nutrition ingestion on the metabolic, physiological, and performance responses to endurance training and suggest directions for future research. Acutely, carbohydrate ingestion reduces fat oxidation, but there is little evidence showing enhanced fat burning capacity following long-term fasted-state training. Performance is improved following pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion for longer but not shorter duration exercise, while training-induced performance improvements following nutrition strategies that modulate carbohydrate availability vary based on the type of nutrition protocol used. Contrasting findings related to the influence of acute carbohydrate ingestion on mitochondrial signaling may be related to the amount of carbohydrate consumed and the intensity of exercise. This review can help to guide athletes, coaches, and nutritionists in personalizing pre-exercise nutrition strategies, and for designing research studies to further elucidate the role of nutrition in endurance training adaptations.

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