FUNGA CULTURAL: MICOLOGIA FILATÉLICA DO BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz Fortuna

Introdução: Fungos são seres vivos ubíquos, heterotróficos uni ou multicelulares, morfologicamente diversificados, importantes para o ecossistema, reciclagem da matéria orgânica e equilíbrio ecológico. Além dessas funções biológicas, os fungos, de uma maneira geral, fazem parte do imaginário coletivo sociocultural, sendo encontrados em diferentes estampas, desenhos infantis, jogos eletrônicos, filmes, desenhos animados, etc. Diversidade cultural define-se como diversidade biológica, cultural e linguística, incluindo inter-relações, dentro do complexo sistema adaptativo socioecológico. Este trabalho propõe o termo “Funga Cultural” como estudo da presença fúngica nas diferentes manifestações culturais. Como exemplo de manifestação cultural, este trabalho trata de relacionar fungos com filatelia. Objetivos: Realizar um inventário dos selos postais e comemorativos brasileiros que apresentam imagens de fungos, além de analisar suas representações na Funga Cultural e citar a classificação taxonômica das espécies estampadas nos selos. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa utilizou o “Catálogo de Selos do Brasil RHM”, principal obra de referência filatélica do país, sendo utilizada pelos colecionadores e comerciantes de selos brasileiros. Foram analisados todos os selos postais comemorativos emitidos pela Empresa de Correios e Telégrafos do Brasil durante o período de 1900-2019. Resultados: Desde o ano de 1900 até 2019, o Brasil emitiu 3.877 selos comemorativos. Desses, apenas dez (0,26%) têm estampas de fungos, distribuídos em três diferentes séries: três selos da série “Fungos”; um selo da série “Estação Ecológica do Taim-RS”; e seis selos da série “Diversidade de Fungos”. Os nomes científicos das espécies estão estampados nos selos. Exceto um selo da série Estação Ecológica. Porém, de acordo com suas características fenotípicas, provavelmente pertence ao filo Basidiomycota. Essa série é formada por uma dupla de selos e o fungo aparece somente no primeiro deles. Os táxons estampados nos outros selos foram: Pycnoporus sanguineus; Calvatia sp.; Pleurotus sp.; Clathrus chrysomycelinus; Clathrus columnatus; Geastrum violaceum; Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus; Laetiporus gilbertsonii e Oudemansiella cubensis. Conclusão: Os fungos apresentam pouca representatividade nos selos comemorativos brasileiros. Os selos fazem parte da cultura humana e aqueles com estampas de fungos podem ser inseridos como representantes da Funga Cultural. Ademais, pode-se usar o selo como mais um recurso didático no ensino da funga e na divulgação científica.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mariane Daou ◽  
Clementina Farfan Soto ◽  
Amel Majira ◽  
Laurent Cézard ◽  
Betty Cottyn ◽  
...  

Technical lignins produced as a by-product in biorefinery processes represent a potential source of renewable carbon. In consideration of the possibilities of the industrial transformation of this substrate into various valuable bio-based molecules, the biological deconstruction of a technical soda lignin by filamentous fungi was investigated. The ability of three basidiomycetes (Polyporus brumalis, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Leiotrametes menziesii) to modify this material, the resultant structural and chemical changes, and the secreted proteins during growth on this substrate were investigated. The three fungi could grow on the technical lignin alone, and the growth rate increased when the media were supplemented with glucose or maltose. The proteomic analysis of the culture supernatants after three days of growth revealed the secretion of numerous Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). The secretomic profiles varied widely between the strains and the presence of technical lignin alone triggered the early secretion of many lignin-acting oxidoreductases. The secretomes were notably rich in glycoside hydrolases and H2O2-producing auxiliary activity enzymes with copper radical oxidases being induced on lignin for all strains. The lignin treatment by fungi modified both the soluble and insoluble lignin fractions. A significant decrease in the amount of soluble higher molar mass compounds was observed in the case of P. sanguineus. This strain was also responsible for the modification of the lower molar mass compounds of the lignin insoluble fraction and a 40% decrease in the thioacidolysis yield. The similarity in the activities of P. sanguineus and P. brumalis in modifying the functional groups of the technical lignin were observed, the results suggest that the lignin has undergone structural changes, or at least changes in its composition, and pave the route for the utilization of filamentous fungi to functionalize technical lignins and produce the enzymes of interest for biorefinery applications.


Molecules ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 8276-8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hui Yang ◽  
Ming-Cheng Shih ◽  
Han-Chen Chiu ◽  
Keng-Shiang Huang

Author(s):  
Justyna Sulej ◽  
Magdalena Jaszek ◽  
Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk ◽  
Anna Matuszewska ◽  
Renata Bancerz ◽  
...  

AbstractPolysaccharides are biopolymers composed of simple sugars like glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, etc. The major natural sources for the production of polysaccharides include plants and microorganisms. In the present work, four bacterial and two fungal polysaccharides (PS or EPS) were used for the modification and preservation of Pycnoporus sanguineus cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) activity. It was found that the presence of polysaccharide preparations clearly enhanced the stability of cellobiose dehydrogenase compared to the control value (4 °C). The highest stabilization effect was observed for CDH modified with Rh110EPS. Changes in the optimum pH in the samples of CDH incubated with the chosen polysaccharide modifiers were evidenced as well. The most significant effect was observed for Rh24EPS and Cu139PS (pH 3.5). Cyclic voltammetry used for the analysis of electrochemical parameters of modified CDH showed the highest peak values after 30 days of incubation with polysaccharides at 4 °C. In summary, natural polysaccharides seem to be an effective biotechnological tool for the modification of CDH activity to increase the possibilities of its practical applications in many fields of industry.


Author(s):  
Sergio M. Salcedo Martnez ◽  
Guadalupe Gutirrez-Soto ◽  
Carlos F. Rodriguez Garza ◽  
Tania J. Villarreal Galvan ◽  
Juan F. Contreras Cordero ◽  
...  

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2719-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi P. Teoh ◽  
Mashitah M. Don ◽  
Salmiah Ujang

Wood-decaying fungi present a serious threat to items made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Though conventional chemical control has been a successful method for preserving wood against stain and decay fungi growth, the effects of these chemicals are of concern because they create problems for the environment and public health. Pycnoporus sanguineus (P. sanguineus), is a white-rot fungus that invades wood during its growth, storage, or use, causing decay or other property changes. It was considered in this work as a potential source of bioactive compounds and investigated for its natural antifungal activity using a minimum inhibitory concentration assay against wood-degrading fungi. It was found that media consisting of 10.0 g/L malt extract, yeast extract, dextrose, and maltose, respectively at pH 4.7±0.2 provided the highest biomass production by P. sanguineus. Results showed that the antifungal properties of methanol and water extract of P. sanguineus mycelia and supernatant ranged from MIC values of 0.1 to 5.0 µg/µL. 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (DDMP) was found to be the major component in the extract of this fungus, based on analysis using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.


2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida de JESUS ◽  
Raimunda Liege Souza de ABREU

A durabilidade da madeira de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (pupunha) face aos fungos foi avaliada em ambiente florestal e urbano e em condições de laboratório. Foram utilizadas, cinco árvores com espinhos e cinco sem espinhos da população Tabatinga, raças Putumayo, sendo retirados discos de 25-30cm da base, meio e do topo de cada pupunheira e colocados em uma área florestal próxima ao Banco Ativo de Germoplama de B. gasipaes (2°38'S, 60°03'W). Os discos foram inspecionados trimestralmente, para acompanhar o processo de biodeterioração da madeira causado por fungos durante dezoito meses. No ensaio em ambiente urbano, as amostras do estipe foram distribuídas, uma na posição côncava e outra na convexa, sobre uma estrutura de madeira localizada em uma área próxima da CPPF do Campus do INPA, Manaus e inspecionadas bimestralmente por um ano. Em ambiente florestal, o revestimento dos discos mostrou-se suscetível aos fungos Hymenogramme javanensis Mont. & Berk. e Hypoxylon rubiginosum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.. Em ambiente urbano, a madeira apresentou alta susceptibilidade a Lenzites striata (Swart.: Fr.) Fr. e a Lenzites sp. e o revestimento a Porostereum amethysteum Hjortst. & Ryv. e a Stereum strigoso-zonatum (Sch.) G. H. Cunn.. Em condições de laboratório, a madeira da pupunheira demonstrou alta resistência aos fungos Lenzites trabea Pers.:Fr., Polyporus fumosus Pers.:Fr. e Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.:Fr.) Murr.


1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza de Fátima Albino Smânia ◽  
Artur Smânia Júnior ◽  
Clarice Loguercio-Leite

Among three strains of Pycnoporus sanguineus, MIP 89007 produced more cinnabarin than MIP 95001 and MIP 95002. The antimicrobial activity of cinnabarin was tested against 11 species of bacteria isolated from food. Bacillus cereus and Leuconostoc plantarum were the most sensitive to cinnabarin, being inhibited by 0.0625 mg/ml. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the least sensitive (>4.0 mg/ml).


Hoehnea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiara Siqueira Bento ◽  
Luce Maria Brandão Torres ◽  
Mauricio Batista Fialho ◽  
Vera Lúcia Ramos Bononi

ABSTRACT White-rot basidiomycetes are able to deteriorate wood products and be pathogenic to living trees, requiring, thus requiring control. The tropical flora is an important source of eco-friendly antifungal compounds; however, the knowledge on how leaf extracts affect the fungal physiology is limited. Therefore, in the present work we investigated the influence of ethanolic leaf extracts of Casearia sylvestris and C. decandra at 0.1 mg mL-1 on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by Trametes villosa, Ganoderma australe and Pycnoporus sanguineus. Overall, the extracts inhibited the mycelial growth and the production of biomass. Additionally, C. sylvestris extract reduced the production of manganese peroxidase and laccase; however, the exposure to C. decandra extract resulted in variable responses. Therefore, enzymes related to lignin degradation are potential targets to control wood decay fungi by plant bioactive compounds, as their ability to colonize the substrate may be impaired.


2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo de Tarso Ferreira Sales ◽  
Luiza Cintra Campos ◽  
Fernando Schimidt ◽  
Marize Campos Valadares ◽  
Mariângela Fontes Santiago

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