Examination of the Skin Conductance Level (SCL) as an Index of the Activity of the Sympathetic Nervous System for Application in the Continous Blood Pressure Measurement

Background: Increased high blood pressure in the elderly can be caused by various factors, one of which is stress. Stress can trigger the onset of hypertension through activation of the sympathetic nervous system which causes an increase in blood pressure intermittently. Hypertension patients need to be helped to reduce stress so that blood pressure does not increase. One of the non-pharmacological therapies to reduce stress is SEFT therapy. The purpose of this activity are to increase the elderly's knowledge about hypertension and increase awareness to control blood pressure and lowering blood pressure with SEFT therapy. Methods: Method this study is used blood pressure measurement, health education, and SEFT therapy. Results: Of this activity are health education can increase knowledge and awareness in controlling blood pressure, and SEFT therapy can reduce blood pressure in elderly hypertension. Conclusion: SEFT therapy can be an intervention alternative in reducing blood pressure.

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Emotional processing and the autonomic nervous system: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation

10.31234/osf.io/kmpq5 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Silva Moreira ◽

Pedro Chaves ◽

Nuno Dias ◽

Patrício Costa ◽

Pedro Rocha Almeida

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Skin Conductance ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Skin Conductance Level ◽

The Body ◽

Analytic Investigation ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Conductance Level

Background: The search for autonomic correlates of emotional processing has been a matter of interest for the scientific community with the goal of identifying the physiological basis of emotion. Despite an extensive state-of-the-art exploring the correlates of emotion, there is no absolute consensus regarding how the body processes an affective state.Objectives: In this work, we aimed to aggregate the literature of psychophysiological studies in the context of emotional induction. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analytic investigation, comparing different measures from the electrodermal, cardiovascular, respiratory and facial systems across emotional categories/dimensions. Two-hundred and ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were quantitatively pooled in random-effects meta-analytic modelling. Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level were the most reported psychophysiological measures. Overall, there was a negligible differentiation between emotional categories with respect to the pooled estimates. Of note, considerable amount of between-studies’ heterogeneity was found in the meta-analytic aggregation. Self-reported ratings of emotional arousal were found to be associated with specific autonomic-nervous system (ANS) indices, particularly with the variation of the skin conductance level. Conclusions: Despite this clear association, there is still a considerable amount of unexplained variability that raises the need for more fine-grained analysis to be implemented in future research in this field.

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FMRF-amide and L-Arg-L-Phe increase blood pressure and heart rate in the anaesthetised rat by central stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81237-9 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 175 (1) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Christoph Thiemermann ◽

Saad Al-Damluji ◽

Markus Hecker ◽

John R. Vane

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Increase Blood Pressure ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Fmrf Amide ◽

Anaesthetised Rat ◽

Central Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

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Acute elevation of plasma non-esterified fatty acids increases pulse wave velocity and induces peripheral vasodilation in humans in vivo

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20060365 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Niels P. Riksen ◽

Marlies Bosselaar ◽

Stephan J.L. Bakker ◽

Robert J. Heine ◽

Gerard A. Rongen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Adenosine Receptor ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Control Infusion

Plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) concentrations are elevated in patients with obesity. In the present study we first aimed to provide an integral haemodynamic profile of elevated plasma NEFAs by the simultaneous assessment of blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, FBF (forearm blood flow) and sympathetic nervous system activity during acute elevation of NEFAs. Secondly, we hypothesized that NEFA-induced vasodilation is mediated by adenosine receptor stimulation. In a randomized cross-over trial in healthy subjects, Intralipid® was infused for 2 h to elevate plasma NEFAs. Glycerol was administered as the Control infusion. We assessed blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, FBF (using venous occlusion plethysmography) and sympathetic nervous system activity by measurement of noradrenaline and adrenaline. During the last 15 min of Intralipid®/Control infusion, the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine (90 μg·min−1·dl−1) was administered into the brachial artery of the non-dominant arm. Compared with Control infusion, Intralipid® increased pulse wave velocity, SBP (systolic blood pressure) and pulse pressure, as well as FBF (from 1.8±0.2 to 2.7±0.6 and from 2.3±0.2 to 2.7±0.6 ml·min−1·dl−1 for Intralipid® compared with Control infusion; P<0.05, n=9). Although in a positive control study caffeine attenuated adenosine-induced forearm vasodilation (P<0.01, n=6), caffeine had no effect on Intralipid®-induced vasodilation (P=0.5). In conclusion, elevation of plasma NEFA levels increased pulse wave velocity, SBP and pulse pressure. FBF was also increased, either by baroreflex-mediated inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system or by a direct vasodilating effect of NEFAs. As the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine could not antagonize the vasodilator response, this response is not mediated by adenosine receptor stimulation.

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Role of Sympathetic Nervous System in Cyclosporine-Induced Rise in Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.34.1.102 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 102-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mario J. Carvalho ◽

Anton H. van den Meiracker ◽

Frans Boomsma ◽

Joao Freitas ◽

Arie J. Man in ‘t Veld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

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Interactions between ANG II, sympathetic nervous system, and baroreceptor reflexes in regulation of blood pressure

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1992.262.6.e763 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (6) ◽

pp. E763-E778 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

I. A. Reid

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Blood Pressure Control ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Baroreceptor Reflexes ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure and in the development of some forms of clinical and experimental hypertension. It is an important blood pressure control system in its own right but also interacts extensively with other blood pressure control systems, including the sympathetic nervous system and the baroreceptor reflexes. Angiotensin (ANG) II exerts several actions on the sympathetic nervous system. These include a central action to increase sympathetic outflow, stimulatory effects on sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla, and actions at sympathetic nerve endings that serve to facilitate sympathetic neurotransmission. ANG II also interacts with baroreceptor reflexes. For example, it acts centrally to modulate the baroreflex control of heart rate, and this accounts for its ability to increase blood pressure without causing a reflex bradycardia. The physiological significance of these actions of ANG II is not fully understood. Most evidence indicates that the actions of ANG to enhance sympathetic activity do not contribute significantly to the pressor response to exogenous ANG II. On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that the actions of endogenous ANG II on the sympathetic nervous system enhance the cardiovascular responses elicited by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

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Abstract 291: Antihypertensive Effect Of Bia 5-1058 a New Selective Peripheral Dopamine β-hydroxylase Inhibitor

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a291 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Igreja ◽

Nuno M Pires ◽

Lyndon C Wright ◽

Patrío Soares-da-Silva

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Antihypertensive Effect ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Radio Telemetry ◽

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

Maximum Reduction ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

The sympathetic nervous system can alter blood pressure by modulation of cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance and renal function. One strategy for controlling sympathetic nerve function is to reduce the biosynthesis of norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH; EC 1.14.17.1 ), the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of dopamine (DA) to NE in sympathetic nerves. BIA 5-1058 is a reversible DβH inhibitor that decreases NE levels in peripheral sympathetically innervated tissues slowing down sympathetic nervous system drive, without effect in brain tissues. In freely moving SHR implanted with radio-telemetry transmitters single administration of BIA 5-1058 showed a dose (3, 30 and 100 mg/Kg) and time dependent effect on blood pressure with no significant effect on heart rate (HR) and total activity monitored over a 96-hour period. The maximum reduction on systolic blood pressure (SBP) was -10.8, -21.1 and -35.2 mmHg for 3, 30 and 100 mg/Kg, respectively and the maximum reduction on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was -9.9, -18.4 and -24.8 mmHg for 3, 30 and 100 mg/Kg, respectively. The antihypertensive effect of BIA 5-1058 (30 mg/Kg) was further evaluated in combination with efficacious doses of well-known antihypertensive drugs, like the ACE inhibitor captopril, the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, beta-blocker metoprolol, the alpha-1 receptor antagonist prazosin, and the calcium channel blocker diltiazem. All drugs were administered orally (single dose) in a cross-over design and the effect was monitored for 72 hours. The combination of BIA 5-1058 with any of the tested antihypertensive drugs caused a stronger and prolonged blood pressure decrease than any of the compounds alone.In conclusion, peripheral DβH inhibitors can be used, alone or in combination with others antihypertensive drugs, to reduce blood pressure.

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Blood pressure control and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system

Mild Hypertension ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-85334-0_3 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

C. J. Mathias

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Blood Pressure Control ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System

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The sympathetic muscle metaboreflex is not different in the third trimester in normotensive pregnant women.

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00728.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel J. Skow ◽

Andrew R. Steele ◽

Graham M. Fraser ◽

Margie H. Davenport ◽

Craig D. Steinback

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Muscle Metaboreflex ◽

The Third ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Sympathetic Nervous

Isometric handgrip (IHG) is used to assess sympathetic nervous system responses to exercise and may be useful at predicting hypertension in both pregnant and non-pregnant populations. We have previously observed altered sympathetic nervous system control of blood pressure in late pregnancy. Therefore, we measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure during muscle metaboreflex activation (IHG) in normotensive pregnant women in the third trimester compared to healthy non-pregnant women. Nineteen pregnant (32±3wks gestation) and fourteen non-pregnant women were matched for age, non/pre-pregnant BMI, and parity. MSNA (microneurography), heart rate (ECG), and arterial blood pressure (Finometer) were continuously recorded during ten minutes of rest, and then during two-minutes of IHG at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, and two-minutes of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Baseline SNA was elevated in pregnant (41±11 bursts/min) compared to non-pregnant women (27 ± 9 bursts/minute; p=0.005); however, the sympathetic baroreflex gain and neurovascular transduction were not different between groups (p=0.62 and p=0.32, respectively). During IHG and PECO there was no significant differences in the pressor response (∆MAP) during IHG and PECO was not different between groups (p=0.25, main effect of group) nor the sympathetic response (interaction effect: p=0.16, 0.25, and 0.27 for burst frequency, burst incidence, and total SNA respectively). These data suggest that pregnant women who have maintained sympathetic baroreflex and neurovascular transduction also have similar sympathetic and pressor responses during exercise.

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