Acute elevation of plasma non-esterified fatty acids increases pulse wave velocity and induces peripheral vasodilation in humans in vivo

Plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) concentrations are elevated in patients with obesity. In the present study we first aimed to provide an integral haemodynamic profile of elevated plasma NEFAs by the simultaneous assessment of blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, FBF (forearm blood flow) and sympathetic nervous system activity during acute elevation of NEFAs. Secondly, we hypothesized that NEFA-induced vasodilation is mediated by adenosine receptor stimulation. In a randomized cross-over trial in healthy subjects, Intralipid® was infused for 2 h to elevate plasma NEFAs. Glycerol was administered as the Control infusion. We assessed blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, FBF (using venous occlusion plethysmography) and sympathetic nervous system activity by measurement of noradrenaline and adrenaline. During the last 15 min of Intralipid®/Control infusion, the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine (90 μg·min−1·dl−1) was administered into the brachial artery of the non-dominant arm. Compared with Control infusion, Intralipid® increased pulse wave velocity, SBP (systolic blood pressure) and pulse pressure, as well as FBF (from 1.8±0.2 to 2.7±0.6 and from 2.3±0.2 to 2.7±0.6 ml·min−1·dl−1 for Intralipid® compared with Control infusion; P<0.05, n=9). Although in a positive control study caffeine attenuated adenosine-induced forearm vasodilation (P<0.01, n=6), caffeine had no effect on Intralipid®-induced vasodilation (P=0.5). In conclusion, elevation of plasma NEFA levels increased pulse wave velocity, SBP and pulse pressure. FBF was also increased, either by baroreflex-mediated inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system or by a direct vasodilating effect of NEFAs. As the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine could not antagonize the vasodilator response, this response is not mediated by adenosine receptor stimulation.

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Relation between blood pressure and pulse wave velocity for human arteries

10.26226/morressier.5f5f8e69aa777f8ba5bd5f5d ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yonggang Huang

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Human Arteries

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ambulatory Pulse Wave Velocity Is a Stronger Predictor of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality Than Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727593922.793531830 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mahboob Rahman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

All Cause Mortality

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THE ELASTICITY OF THE LARGE ARTERIES IN HYPERTENSION

Canadian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjms52-017 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 125-129

Author(s):

J. P. Adamson ◽

J. Doupe

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Arterial Elasticity ◽

Large Arteries ◽

Wave Velocities

Intra-arterial pressures and pulse wave velocities were measured in 18 subjects whose auscultatory diastolic pressures ranged from 45 to 120 mm. Hg. Various methods were used to lower the blood pressure in the hypertensive and to raise it in nonhypertensive subjects so that pulse wave velocities might be compared in all subjects at a common diastolic pressure. The pulse wave velocities were calculated for a diastolic pressure of 80 mm. Hg. No significant differences were found between hypertensive and nonhypertensive subjects. It was concluded that a defect of arterial elasticity as gauged by pulse wave velocity is not a factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

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Normal and reference values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based pulse wave velocity in the middle-aged general population

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽

10.1186/s12968-021-00739-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Max J. van Hout ◽

Ilona A. Dekkers ◽

Jos J. Westenberg ◽

Martin J. Schalij ◽

Ralph L. Widya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

General Population ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Reference Values ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Abstract Background Aortic stiffness, assessed through pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease risk. However, the scarce availability of normal and reference values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) based PWV is limiting clinical implementation. The aim of this study was to determine normal and reference values for CMR assessed PWV in the general population. Methods From the 2,484 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study that have available CMR-PWV data, 1,394 participants free from cardiovasculard disease, smokers or treatment for diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia were selected (45–65 years, 51% female). Participants were divided into sex, age and blood pressure (BP) subgroups. Normal values were specified for participants with a BP < 130/80 mmHg and reference values for elevated BP subgroups (≥ 130/80 and < 140/90 mmHg; and ≥ 140/90 mmHg). Differences between groups were tested with independent samples t-test or ANOVA. Due to an oversampling of obese individuals in this study, PWV values are based on a weighted analysis making them representative of the general population. Results Normal mean PWV was 6.0 m/s [95% CI 5.8–6.1]. PWV increased with advancing age and BP categories (both p < 0.001). There was no difference between sex in normal PWV, however in the BP > 140/90 mmHg women had a higher PWV (p = 0.005). The interpercentile ranges were smaller for participants < 55 years old compared to participants ≥ 55 years, indicating an increasing variability of PWV with age. PWV upper limits were particularly elevated in participants ≥ 55 years old in the high blood pressure subgroups. Conclusion This study provides normal and reference values for CMR-assessed PWV per sex, age and blood pressure category in the general population.

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Effects of an Innovative Head-Up Tilt Protocol on Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness Changes

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10061198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Victor N. Dorogovtsev ◽

Dmitry S. Yankevich ◽

Nandu Goswami

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Task Force ◽

Column Height ◽

Tilt Test ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Head Up Tilt

The objective of our study was to identify blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) changes during orthostatic loading, using a new the head-up tilt test (HUTT), which incorporates the usage of a standardized hydrostatic column height. Methods: 40 healthy subjects 20–32 years performed HUTT, which was standardized to a height of the hydrostatic column at 133 cm. Exposure time was 10 min in each of 3 positions: horizontal supine 1, HUTT, and horizontal supine 2. The individual tilt up angle made it possible to set the standard value of the hydrostatic column. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded beat to beat using “Task Force Monitor 3040 i”, pulse-wave velocity (PWV) was measured with a sphygmograph–sphygmomanometer VaSera VS1500N. Results: Orthostatic loading caused a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and a decrease in stroke volume (SV) (p < 0.05) but no significant reductions in cardiac output, changes in total vascular resistance (TVR), or BP. An analysis of personalized data on systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes in tilt up position as compared to horizontal position (ΔSBP) revealed non-significant changes in this index in 48% of subjects (orthostatic normotension group), in 32% there was a significant decrease in it (orthostatic hypotension group) and in 20% there was a significant increase in it (orthostatic hypertension group). These orthostatic changes were not accompanied by any clinical symptoms and/or syncope. During HUTT, all subjects had in the PWV a significant increase of approximately 27% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The new test protocol involving HUTT standardized to a height of hydrostatic column at 133 cm causes typical hemodynamics responses during orthostatic loading. Individual analysis of the subjects revealed subclinical orthostatic disorders (OSD) in up to 52% of the test persons. During HUTT, all test subjects showed a significant increase in PWV. The new innovative HUTT protocol can be applied in multi-center studies in healthy subjects to detect preclinical forms of orthostatic disorders under standard gravity load conditions.

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