scholarly journals Newly Proposed Technique for Autism Spectrum Disorder based Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sherif Kamel ◽  
Rehab Al-harbi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Disease Prediction ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Research Stage

The rapid growth in the number of autism disorder among toddlers needs for the development of easily implemented and effective screening methods. In this current era, the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) do not know yet, however, the diagnosis and detection of ASD is based on behaviours and symptoms. This paper aims to improve ASD disease prediction accuracy among toddlers by using the Logistic Regression model of Machine Learning, through the collected health care dataset and by using an algorithm for rapid classification of the behaviours to check whether the children are having autism diseases or not according to information in the dataset. Therefore, Machine Learning decreasing the time needed to detect the disorder, then providing the necessary health services early for infected toddlers to enhance their lifestyle. In healthcare, most machine learning applications are in the research stage, and to take the advantage of emerging software tools that incorporate artificial intelligence, healthcare organizations first need to overcome a variety of challenges.

scholarly journals Use of Empirical Mode Decomposition in ERP Analysis to Classify Familial Risk and Diagnostic Outcomes for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Lina Abou-Abbas ◽  
Stefon van Noordt ◽  
James A. Desjardins ◽  
Mike Cichonski ◽  
Mayada Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mode Decomposition

Event-related potentials (ERPs) activated by faces and gaze processing are found in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the early stages of their development and may serve as a putative biomarker to supplement behavioral diagnosis. We present a novel approach to the classification of visual ERPs collected from 6-month-old infants using intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) derived from empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Selected features were used as inputs to two machine learning methods (support vector machines and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN)) using nested cross validation. Different runs were executed for the modelling and classification of the participants in the control and high-risk (HR) groups and the classification of diagnosis outcome within the high-risk group: HR-ASD and HR-noASD. The highest accuracy in the classification of familial risk was 88.44%, achieved using a support vector machine (SVM). A maximum accuracy of 74.00% for classifying infants at risk who go on to develop ASD vs. those who do not was achieved through k-NN. IMF-based extracted features were highly effective in classifying infants by risk status, but less effective by diagnostic outcome. Advanced signal analysis of ERPs integrated with machine learning may be considered a first step toward the development of an early biomarker for ASD.

scholarly journals A new machine learning model based on induction of rules for autism detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Thabtah ◽  
David Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
New Machine

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that describes certain challenges associated with communication (verbal and non-verbal), social skills, and repetitive behaviors. Typically, autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in a clinical environment by licensed specialists using procedures which can be lengthy and cost-ineffective. Therefore, scholars in the medical, psychology, and applied behavioral science fields have in recent decades developed screening methods such as the Autism Spectrum Quotient and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers for diagnosing autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. The accuracy and efficiency of these screening methods rely primarily on the experience and knowledge of the user, as well as the items designed in the screening method. One promising direction to improve the accuracy and efficiency of autism spectrum disorder detection is to build classification systems using intelligent technologies such as machine learning. Machine learning offers advanced techniques that construct automated classifiers that can be exploited by users and clinicians to significantly improve sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and efficiency in diagnostic discovery. This article proposes a new machine learning method called Rules-Machine Learning that not only detects autistic traits of cases and controls but also offers users knowledge bases (rules) that can be utilized by domain experts in understanding the reasons behind the classification. Empirical results on three data sets related to children, adolescents, and adults show that Rules-Machine Learning offers classifiers with higher predictive accuracy, sensitivity, harmonic mean, and specificity than those of other machine learning approaches such as Boosting, Bagging, decision trees, and rule induction.

Diagnostic test accuracy for use of machine learning in diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Jae Moon ◽  
Jin Seub Hwang ◽  
Rajesh Kana ◽  
John Torous ◽  
Jung Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Test Accuracy

BACKGROUND Over the recent years, machine learning algorithms have been more widely and increasingly applied in biomedical fields. In particular, its application has been drawing more attention in the field of psychiatry, for instance, as diagnostic tests/tools for autism spectrum disorder. However, given its complexity and potential clinical implications, there is ongoing need for further research on its accuracy. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to summarize the evidence for the accuracy of use of machine learning algorithms in diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete (with OpenDissertations), PsyINFO and IEEE Xplore Digital Library databases were searched on November 28th, 2018. Studies, which used a machine learning algorithm partially or fully in classifying ASD from controls and provided accuracy measures, were included in our analysis. Bivariate random effects model was applied to the pooled data in meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to investigate and resolve the source of heterogeneity between studies. True-positive, false-positive, false negative and true-negative values from individual studies were used to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity values, draw SROC curves, and obtain area under the curve (AUC) and partial AUC. RESULTS A total of 43 studies were included for the final analysis, of which meta-analysis was performed on 40 studies (53 samples with 12,128 participants). A structural MRI subgroup meta-analysis (12 samples with 1,776 participants) showed the sensitivity at 0.83 (95% CI-0.76 to 0.89), specificity at 0.84 (95% CI -0.74 to 0.91), and AUC/pAUC at 0.90/0.83. An fMRI/deep neural network (DNN) subgroup meta-analysis (five samples with 1,345 participants) showed the sensitivity at 0.69 (95% CI- 0.62 to 0.75), the specificity at 0.66 (95% CI -0.61 to 0.70), and AUC/pAUC at 0.71/0.67. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning algorithms that used structural MRI features in diagnosis of ASD were shown to have accuracy that is similar to currently used diagnostic tools.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document