Suicide as a medical education curricular topic: a documentary analysis of Brazilian federal medical schools

Purpose Physicians worldwide need to be able to identify and assess suicide risk or behavior in their consults. The proper training of medical staff is an important form of suicide prevention, especially because 80% of the patients who died by suicide were in contact with a health-care service in the year of their death. The purpose of this study is to verify if some of the most important Brazilian medical schools includes discussions regarding suicide in their curricula, and describe them. Design/methodology/approach The study performed a documentary analysis of all Brazilian federal higher education institutions. The analysis involved selecting the institutions that approached the topic of suicide in their curricula, and sorting it by keywords. The curricula that contained such keywords were then entirely read, analyzed and all components found were described regarding course period, workload and approach. Findings Within the 68 analyzed institutions, 19 (28%) included suicide in their curricula with a total of 31 components approaching suicide among them. Those components belonged to different stages of the course and had different workloads and approaches. A total of seven different approaches were identified: Clinical (54.8%); Emergency (16.1%); Medical Psychology (9.7%); Ethics (6.5%); Social (6.5%); Occupational (3.2%) and Forensic (3.2%). Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first to address medical education regarding suicide in a large number of Brazilian institutions. It is also one of the few studies worldwide to quantify suicide discussion on a large number of institutions using documentary analysis.

Laboratoř neuropsychologie Neurologické kliniky 1. LF UK

The Laboratory of Neuropsychology (LN)—Jiří Diamant Neuropsychological Laboratory—is a generic base for research and teaching of clinical and experimental neuropsychology in close connection with clinical neuroscience research and postgraduate studies in neuroscience and medical psychology and psychopathology at the Department of Neurology. The LN provides medical services and participates in teaching and research as required by the Head of the Dept. of Neurology. The LN is a base for collaboration with external departments, especially in the areas of clinical and medical psychology, health psychology, brain imaging, neurosurgery, and psychopharmacology. The research program of the LN is mainly devoted to the neuropsychology of neurodegenerative diseases and the development of neuropsychological tools for the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

The old new theory of modern Russian psychiatry: a biopsychosocial approach (institutional discourse)

The article is discussed («Review of psychiatry and medical psychology named after V.M. Bekhterev». 2020; 2: 3-15), which examines the biopsychosocial model as the theoretical basis (scientific, clinical, preventive, therapeutic) of modern psychiatry, in particular, the biological (genetic) domain.The purpose of the discourse: from the standpoint of philosophy and methodology of science, to determine the place of the biological domain (biomedical research) of the biopsychosocial (biopsychosocial—spiritual) (BPS) approach (theory) in Russian psychiatry, in particular, from the standpoint of the subject of psychiatry and its main section-clinical psychiatry.Based on methodology and philosophy, and based on anthropological and holistic approaches, the biological domain of the BPS model, which is based on clinical psychiatry as a practice and, accordingly, theory, is discussed through the subject of psychiatry as a science. The significance and role of the subject of psychiatry (pathology, disorders, abnormalities of mental activity) in the ICD-10 and the components of the biopsychosocial (model) approach are discussed. There are differences in the domains of the model and the difficulties of clinical diagnosis (multi-axis, functional, multidimensional) and, accordingly, the study of the etiopathogenesis of mental disorders, the "bias" of diagnosis and therapy. The article deals with the neurological component of the biological domain and the "expansion" of neurologists into psychiatry, which leads to hidden antipsychiatry. The author emphasizes the independence, contiguity and two-paradigm nature of psychiatry as a science (with its own unity of subject and its own method of research—clinical and psychopathological). In addition to the interdisciplinarity of clinical neuroscience, it is proposed to be multidisciplinary (for the sections of psychiatry), but the future belongs to the transdisciplinary research methodology.

COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine-related health disorders in combatants of Ukraine

Here we expand the existing knowledge about disorders associated with the COVID-19-related pandemic and quarantine. We show that the COVID-19-related pandemic and quarantine can reduce the combat effectiveness of the military, provoking a deterioration in the health of combatants and requires hospitalization. Aim. Investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine on the health of Ukrainian combatants. Material and methods. A study was conducted between March 12, 2020 and May 22, 2020 at the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, General and Medical Psychology, Narcology, and Sexology in Zaporizhzhia State Medical University and Zaporizhzhia military hospital (Ukraine). All combatants who were hospitalized during this period were examined. We analyzed medical records, anamnestic data, and performed psychopathological and psychological examinations of all patients. Results. In 56 % of combatants hospitalized during high quarantine measures, the cause of health disorders is negative COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine-related thoughts that provoke stress. These stressful thoughts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine provoke the development of hypertensive emergency (57 % vs 18 %), anxiety syndrome (29 %), dissociative [conversion] disorder (7 %), and exacerbate the negative effects of pre-pandemic diseases, namely, hypertension (43 % vs 27 %), somatoform autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system (29 %), panic disorder [episodic paroxysmal anxiety] (7 %), adjustment disorders (7 %), post-traumatic stress disorder (7 %). Conclusions. Preventive measures need to be developed and applied to combatants to prevent their deteriorating health due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine stress

ДОСВІД ВИКЛАДАННЯ «МЕДИЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ» СТУДЕНТАМ-ІНОЗЕМЦЯМ ІНСТИТУТУ БІОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕДИЦИНИ КИЇВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ЗМІШАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ 2018–2019 РОКІВ

Представлена стаття розкриває зміст особливостей викладання «Медичної психології» студентам-іноземцям, представникам різних східних культур, віросповідань, стилів життя: Ірану, Іраку, Індії, Південної Кореї, Японії, Афри- ки, Єгипту. Особливостями досвіду змішаного викладання дисципліни для майбутніх лікарів – студентів третього курсу Інституту Біології та Медицини було те, що навчальний процес розпочався традиційно до впровадження лок- дауну на Україні саме перед початком поширення Covid-19. Після офіційного розпорядження адміністрації Київсько- го національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка навчальний процес проходив дистанційно до кінця навчально- го 2018–2019 року із застосуванням комплексних мультимедійних засобів: інтернету, електронної пошти кожного учасника навчального процесу, активного користування мобільним зв’язком (месенджер, вайбер, телеграм, фейсбук, інстаграм), скайп-відеоконференції. Авторським напрацюванням слід вважати створену навчальну групу на фейсбук «Medical Psychology” (Медична психологія) Інститут Біології на Медицини КНУ імені Тараса Шевченка (2020)» (https:// www.facebook.com/groups/522233258413026/about) із включенням усіх навчально-методичних матеріалів, результатів навчання студентів: текстів презентацій, скайп-відеолекцій, захистів презентацій студентів, результатів вивчення дисципліни «Медична психологія». Для більш динамічного й зрозумілого сприйняття змісту статті включено сім малюн- ків із виділенням академічного розвитку актуальності питання застосування Facebook у навчально-виховній, науковій діяльності й сучасних способах поширення інформації в одній із популярних мереж світу за тривалий період упродовж 2007–2021 років. Ключовим питанням роботи є поширення досвіду викладання / навчання “Medical Psychology“ зміша- ної форми навчання та пошук однодумців. Таким, чином, було проведене змішане навчання для 15 студентських груп, всього 129 студентів. Усі бажаючі можуть проглянути рекомендовану сторінку на фейсбук, висловити своє вражен- ня, відзначити в коментарях найкращі презентації студентів, відеовиступи, рекомендовані першоджерела.

The Shackles of The Mirror? - A Case Study on Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Purpose: This case study was done to do a detailed study on the recent trends with photographs and how it affects the body dysmorphic disorder [BDD] across all genders and age groups. The intention was to understand how is body dysmorphic disorder affects persons eating habits, social interaction, and body image. In this article, various research studies and scholarly articles were studied to understand in detail regarding Body dysmorphic disorder. The emphasis was given on age, gender, social media networking site users, etc. It was also intended to study how the media influences people towards a certain skin color and body type. It was found not a single study was done in India though there are articles by Indian authors on body shaming, body image, and how media is obsessed with unrealistic beauty standards which indirectly creates body image concerns in people. This case study justifies the need for studies to be done in India to identify Body dysmorphic disorder using various scales like Body image concern inventory, etc. Objective: This case study was done to understand the studies done on body dysmorphic disorder around the world. To understand the pattern, occurrence ratio between youngsters and elderly and social media users and non-users. Design/Methodology/Approach: Detailed Review of literature was done on various scholarly articles provided over medical, psychology, and journal websites. Findings/Results: Most of the studies were done in European countries and very few in Asia. The studies revealed that women are more affected by BDD than men. People active on social networking sites, following celebrities, and media were more discontent with their body parts or in general. Studies also show that the younger population is more affected by body dysmorphic disorder. It was also noted that there was no direct study done in India for identifying body dysmorphic disorder. Type of Paper: Research Case Study.

Social frustratedness as a psychogenesis factor of adjustment disorders

Summary. The current biopsychosocial paradigm in medicine and medical psychology ensures the development of the theory and methodology of medical psychodiagnostics as a comprehensive study of psychological and psychosocial factors underlying mental adaptation. The diagnostic of prenosological and initial manifestations of borderline spectrum disorders designated as adjustment disorders in ICD-10 (F43.2), requires the criteria qualification of real or potential stressogenic social functioning conditions, thus, an arsenal of adequate methods of clinical and medical-psychosocial psychodiagnostics is required. The questionnaire «Social Frustration Level» represents one of such methods. The study of social frustration phenomenon as a predictor of emotional tension and stress resistance allows to characterize personality traits in relation to environmental influence and assess the specificity and pathogenic significance of socially frustrating factors. The article substantiates theoretical and methodological foundations of the questionnaire, its attributive characteristics — the phenomena of external and internal social frustration identified in medical psychodiagnostics for the first time. Socio-diagnostic criteria are illustrated by examples of the practical use in medical psychodiagnostics of social frustration in teachers of mass schools, the military and in patients with focal epilepsy. The specified research contingent is united by the problem of stress resistance in crisis situations (including a disease situation and the attitude to the disease). The questionnaire «Social Frustration Level» can be considered as a necessary form of psychosocial diagnostics of stress genesis, a source of information in screening psychoprophylactic studies, as well as in the forming of indications for psycho- and sociotherapy.

Philosopher of psychology (to the 100-th anniversary of the birth of M. S. Rogovin)

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of the famous Russian psychologist M.S. Rogovin. His contribution to the development of many branches of psychological science (pathopsychology and medical psychology, military psychology, cognitive psychology, general psychology, history of psychology, methodology of psychology, etc.) is noted. His contribution to the philosophy of psychology is emphasized, it is noted that his research devoted to the logic of the development of psychological science was of the greatest relevance. The article attempts to highlight the main features of the scientist's scientific style. On the basis of the historical and methodological analysis of the development of world psychological science carried out by M.S. Rogovin, an attempt is made to reconstruct the main provisions of the author's philosophy of psychology. It is noted that the researcher's contribution is unique: in the sixties of the twentieth century, M.S. Rogovin wrote his works, clearly and unequivocally referring to world psychology as a unified science (Soviet psychology, contrary to ideology, was considered by the author not as a new stage in the development of psychology, but in no way more than one of the directions in world science), which has its own patterns and development trends, which were the main subject of his scientific analysis. An analysis is given of M.S. Rogovin's warnings about dangerous trends in the development of psychological science, which are still relevant today. The characteristics of the decisions made by M.S. Rogovin and his students of the most important methodological issues of psychological science are given.

Pain Related Functional Limitations of Persons Injured in Car Accidents

Background: In medical psychology, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) allows for a separate assessment of pain intensity (scales of worst, least, and average pain) and of daily functional limitations due to pain (impairments of mood, ability to walk, work, interpersonal relations, sleep, and enjoyment of life). The present study evaluates the convergent validity of BPI’s measure of such functional limitations by calculating its correlations to other relevant clinical measures of psychological impairments caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Method: De-identified archival data were available on 50 persons injured in MVAs (age 20 to 86 years, mean=42.1 years, SD=16.4; 23 males, 27 females). Their MVA occurred 11 to 280 weeks prior to psychological testing with the BPI (average time lapse 73.3 weeks, SD=53.8). All patients were still experiencing active post-MVA symptoms requiring medical attention and therapy. With respect to convergent validity, we examined Pearson correlations of the BPI to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), and to measures of depression, anger, and anxiety (Items 10 to 12 of the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire). Results: Functional interference of pain with daily activities (sum of BPI Items 9B to 9G) correlated significantly at p<0.05, 2-tailed with Rivermead post-concussion scores (r=0.39), post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms (r=0.45), insomnia scores (r=0.41), and ratings of depression (r=0.52), anger (r=0.46), and anxiety (r=0.44). When the sum of BPI ratings of worst, least, and average pain was added to the functional interference/limitations score, then this sum of 9 BPI items correlated significantly at p<0.05, 2-tailed with Rivermead post-concussion scores (r=0.36), post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms (r=0.46), insomnia scores (r=0.37), and ratings of depression (r=0.53), anger (r=0.50), and anxiety (r=0.40). Discussion and Conclusion: The results lend support to convergent validity of the BPI when applied to persons injured in vehicular accidents.