scholarly journals Playing On: John York and the Sydney Brass Musical Instrument Factory

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Andrew Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
George Street ◽  
Instrument Making ◽  
Home Entertainment ◽  
Instrument Maker ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

The history of John York and the Sydney Brass Musical Instrument Factory contains familiar elements of a quintessential nineteenth-century Australian narrative. It features a skilled English immigrant who brought his family to a developing capital city and became a manufacturer and small business owner. It is an unusual story in that York practised the specialised skill of brass instrument making and repairing and was one of a handful of brass instrument makers known to have operated in Sydney at the time. At the end of the nineteenth century the significant purchasing power of an expanding Australian middle class, and a strong demand for the many musical instruments required for home entertainment, generated vigorous competition amongst Sydney’s music retailers. Cheaper British mass produced instruments were aggressively marketed by Palings and Nicholsons whose ‘emporiums’ were located at the more fashionable northern end of George Street. In order to succeed in this market, John York’s reputation as an instrument maker and repairer was paramount. This was largely founded on the promise of consistent, high quality workmanship and superior, personalised service. Even after his death in 1910, this enduring reputation sustained loyalty from York’s customers well into the middle of the twentieth century when the business continued under the management of his wife and sons.

Hearing the Crimean War

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sound Studies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This book addresses the sounds of the Crimean War, along with the many ways nineteenth-century wartime is aurally constructed. It examines wide-ranging experiences of listeners in Britain, France, Turkey, Russia, Italy, Poland, Latvia, Daghestan, Chechnya, and Crimea, illustrating the close interplay between nineteenth-century geographies of empire and the modes by which wartime sound was archived and heard. This book covers topics including music in and around war zones, the mediation of wartime sound, the relationship between sound and violence, and the historiography of listening. Individual chapters concern sound in Leo Tolstoy’s wartime writings, and his place within cosmopolitan sensibilities; the role of the telegraph in constructing sonic imaginations in London and the Black Sea region; the absence of archives for the sounds of particular ethnic groups, and how songs preserve memories for both Crimean Tatars and Polish nationalists; the ways in which perceptions of voice rearranged the mental geographies of Baltic Russia, and undermined aspirations to national unity in Italy; Italian opera as a means of conditioning elite perceptions of Crimean battlefields; and historical frames through which to understand the diffusion of violent sounds amid everyday life. The volume engages the academic fields of musicology, ethnomusicology, history, literary studies, sound studies, and the history of the senses.

The Chronology of Sudanese Arabic Genealogical Tradition

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Spaulding
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Islamic Faith

Modern nationalisms first arose during the later eighteenth century around the wide periphery of the ancient heartland of western culture and gnawed their way inward during the course of the nineteenth century to the core, culminating in World War I, Each new nationalism generated an original “imagined community” of human beings, part of whose ideological cohesion derived from a sense of shared historical experience. Since the actual historical record would not necessarily satisfy this hunger, it was often found expedient to amend the past through acts of imagination aptly termed the “invention of tradition.”One of the many new “imagined communities” of the long nineteenth century took shape in the northern Nile-valley Sudan between the final disintegration of the old kingdom of Sinnar (irredeemable after the death of the strongman Muhammad Abu Likaylik in 1775) and the publication of Harold MacMichael's A History of the Arabs in the Sudan in 1922. The new national community born of the collapse of Sinnar, strongly committed to Arabic speech and Islamic faith, was tested by fire through foreign conquest and revolution, by profound socio-economic transformation, and by the challenges attendant on participation in an extended sub-imperialism that earned it hegemony—first cultural, and ultimately political—over all the diverse peoples of the modern Sudan.One important response of the nascent community to the trials of this difficult age was the invention of a new national historical tradition, according to which its members were descended via comparatively recent immigrants to the Sudan from eminent Arabs of Islamic antiquity.

“Gendering the Gym”: A History of Women in Physical Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Liberti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Education History ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Race And Sexuality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Experiences Of Women

The experiences of women in physical education history from the nineteenth century forward offer us valuable insights toward a better understanding of the discipline since its inception. The deeply gendered histories of women in the profession are contingent upon the ways in which they intersect with other identities, including class, race, and sexuality. Dominant gender ideologies were reinforced and resisted in women’s physical education, making it a significant location to understand how bodies were constructed and reconstructed within ever-changing societal definitions of gender and athletic femininity. The contradictions and complexities that emerge as a result of the many gender tensions in play over the course of this history produce a rich site to more completely understand the discipline’s past and future.

The Growth of the Population of the World's Pre-eminent “Primate City”: Bangkok at its Bicentenary

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Sternstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

When Bangkok was named the capital of Siam it held an inconsiderable population of some fifty thousand. Now, two hundred years later, this capital city boasts some five million residents. A prodigious population increase, indeed: a hundredfold gain generated by an ever-increasing rate of growth, which, after gathering momentum only gradually during the greater part of the nineteenth century, rose rapidly around the turn of this century and has since soared. The foregoing compendious description is shown on Figure I as the curve which charts the march of the population of the built-up area of the city. I have calculated this particular population by reworking the numbers reported at particular times by certain “eyewitnesses”. Since the turn of this century, the “eyewitnesses” have been censuses and registration counts for administrative areas; earlier “witnesses” are the postal census of 1882 and the considered estimate of the population of the city proper in 1822 by the “very trustworthy” Dr John Crawfurd, Head-of-Mission to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China deputised by the Governor-General of India. I have forsaken all the many other pre-twentieth century eyewitness estimates of the population of Bangkok. Why?

scholarly journals Proclaiming East Timor: Historical Reflections on Political Declarations

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Kammen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
East Timor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

East Timor celebrated its independence in 2002, but behind the euphoria the subject of the celebration was hotly contested. While most foreign observers treated this as the achievement of independence, according to the Constitution and the first government 20 May 2002 marked the restoration of independence that was first proclaimed by Francisco Xavier do Amaral in November 1975. Given the significance that declarations of independence hold, this article traces the history of political declarations in East Timor over the course of three centuries. It examines a curious pair of declarations in 1702-1703, the many declarations of vassalage in the nineteenth century, the declaration of the Portuguese Republic in 1910, the competing political declarations in 1975, and a curious declaration of a breakaway republic in 2005. 

Pembacaan Ulang Nana Karya Zola dan Anna Karya Tolstoy : Re-Interpretasi Sosok Perempuan Feminis Abad-19

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Mega Subekti ◽  
Hilman Fauzia Khoeruman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
Feminist Ideology ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many ◽  
Descriptive Method

Dalam sejarah perkembangan ideologi feminisme, Abad ke-19 sering dianggapsebagai momen penting munculnya ide-ide baru tentang feminisme dan pergerakan yangmemperjuangkan hak-hak perempuan. Beberapa ide tersebut tercermin dari banyaknyakarya sastra yang mengangkat isu tentang perempuan dalam tradisi patriarkal, seperti yangdilakukan Emile Zola di Perancis dengan karyanya yang berjudul Nana dan Leo Tolstoy diRusia dengan Anna Karenina-nya. Dalam dua novel itu, perempuan digambarkan sebagaitokoh yang tidak cukup beruntung terkait dengan peran sosial dan relasi mereka dengan lakilaki.Meski demikian, perjuangan yang dilakukan terkait dengan opresi yang mereka terimabisa dianggap sebagai representasi dari perlawanan mereka sebagai perempuan. Denganmenggunakan metode deskriptif analitis yang didukung dengan pendekatan feminsime dangender, tulisan ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan perlawanan atau setidaknya kesadarantokoh Nana maupun Anna dan menginterpretasikannya sebagai perwujudan feminismemereka sebagai perempuan. Meskipun berakhir tragis (dimatikan oleh narator), resistensiyang dilakukan Nana dan Anna terkait dengan status mereka sebagai perempuan sekiranyadapat membuktikan bahwa mereka tetap mampu merepresentasikan ide-ide feminisme.Alih-alih sebagai korban yang didominasi oleh laki-laki, Nana mampu memanfaatkansensualitas tubuhnya untuk mendapatkan keuntungan pribadi. Sementara itu, pilihan Annauntuk bunuh diri dilakukannya dengan penuh kesadaran dapat dianggap sebagai puncakperlawanannya terkait opresi yang ia terima karena perzinahannya dengan Vronsky.Kata kunci: Perempuan, feminisme, abad ke-19AbstRactIn the history of the development of feminist ideology, nineteenth century isregarded as an important moment of the emergence of ideas on feminism and women’smovement. Some of these ideas are reflected from the many literary works that raise thewomen’s issues in the patriarchal tradition, as Emile Zola did in France with Nana andLeo Tolstoy in Russia with Anna Karenina. In the two novels, women are portrayed asunfavourable figures associated with their status and relationships with men. Nevertheless,the fight related with the oppression they receive can be regarded as a representationof their resistance as women. By using an analytical descriptive method supported byfeministic and gender approaches, this paper is intended to describe resistance or at leastawareness of Nana and Anna figures and read it as the embodiment of their feminismperspective. Though ending tragically (killed by the narrator), Nana and Anna’s resistancecould prove that they were capable to represent their feminist perspectives. Instead of beinga victim who was dominated by men, Nana is able to take advantage of her sensual body to

Educational Regulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
School Officials ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Chapter 3 traces the history of educational regulation in the nineteenth century. It argues that as Catholic school attendance grew in the late nineteenth century, Catholic school advocates, along with public officials, envisioned the many benefits of tethering private education to state goals. Together, Catholic and public school officials helped blur the sharp distinctions between public and private that had existed for much of the nineteenth century, as symbolized by the Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) decision. First in Rhode Island and then in Ohio Catholics accepted, and indeed fought for, forms of public regulation in return for maintaining an important fiscal subsidy: the property tax exemption. Courts in these states, and elsewhere, generally obliged, and in doing so granted public bodies significantly greater authority to regulate private actors.

Pilgrims, Fieldworkers, and Secret Agents: Buryat Buddhologists and the History of an Eurasian Imaginary

Inner Asia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Revolutionary History

AbstractThis article looks at the pre-Revolutionary history of Buryats' engagement with greater Eurasia, drawing on the legacies of the long underappreciated Russian Buddhological school and exploring the intellectual and political context of its emergence in the late nineteenth century. Exploring the role of Russian Orientalists and political figures such as the Orientalists V.P. Vasil'ev and Prince E.E. Ukhtomskii, and taking a close look at the fieldwork of the first Russian-trained indigenous Buryat Buddhologists G.Ts. Tsybikov and B.B. Baradiin, I demonstrate that this ultimately Eurasianist school of Buddhology was borne out of conflicting sentiments towards Russia's cosmopolitanism, statehood, and imperial destiny in Asia, as well as representations of indigenous peoples of southern Siberia. As a conclusion, I map the emergent forms of what I call 'Asian Eurasianism', linking it to contemporary cultural debates in Buryatia. I suggest that the term offers us a better way to understand the many ways by which many non-Russians position themselves in relation to the vast Eurasian continent.

The Revival of the Religious Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Significant Figures ◽  
Productive Role

This chapter examines one of the most significant achievements of the Oxford Movement, the establishment of vowed religious communities for women. It discusses some of the most significant figures in the history of these sisterhoods and describes the work undertaken by the approximately 10,000 women who belonged to one of the many communities established in the second half of the nineteenth century. Acknowledging that in many ways these communities ratified existing gender roles, this chapter also sees that by standing firm against opposition from bishops and popular opinion, these women and their male supporters contributed to an alternative and productive role for women.

History Matters: A Reply

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Mark Pluciennik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
Noble Savage ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Concepts ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Many ◽  
Anthropological History

First of all let me wholeheartedly thank all those who have responded for their helpful comments and careful readings. In this reply I would like first to discuss points dealing with the history of concepts related to ‘hunter-gatherers’, before pursuing the implications for contemporary prehistories. One preliminary note: van de Velde and Bogucki both point to the many advantages of Enlightenment thought (or reason). There are many political and scientific reasons to concur. I certainly have no desire to throw out the baby with the bathwater and return to metaphysical speculation as a substitute for archaeological and historical practice. I would also like to respond directly to van de Velde's comments about Adam Kuper (1988). Kuper's book, though also a work of critical anthropological history, is concerned with the later nineteenth century onwards and the idea of ‘primitive society’ characterised by certain forms of social and religious organisation, rather than subsistence (Kuper 1988, 5–7). I have argued elsewhere (Pluciennik 2001, 744–746) that this is typical of certain nineteenth-century European anthropologists and highlights a moment of divergence between ethnologists and archaeologists. Van de Velde also queries the omission of the ‘noble savage’ strand of Enlightenment thought from the paper. Certainly the recognition that there could be markedly different societies was sometimes used to critique the perceived excesses and artifices of the writer's society or of ‘civilisation’ more generally (Berkhofer 1978, 72–80; Carey 1998). However I would argue generally that the ‘noble savage’ has tended to be a minority construct adopted for strategic rhetorical and literary purposes (even if there was a revival from the 1960s with the ecologically noble savage: Buege 1996). Indeed Ellingson (2001) has recently proposed that even the trope of the noble savage was largely a 19th century invention, a myth constructed by racists to provide a stick with which to beat ‘liberals’. I disagree, in that the image of ‘Others’ supposedly without the corruption and vices of modern civilisation has long been utilised to construct alternatives to contemporary conditions and to progressive social evolutionary scenarios, with foragers supplying ‘evidence’ of an Edenic place, a Golden Age past, or degenerative human histories.

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