scholarly journals Effect of Some Drugs on the Viability of the Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (Batch, 1876) in Vitro

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Afrah Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
The Future

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a number of drugs on the viability of primary protoscolices isolated from sheep infected with the larval stage of E. granulosus. These drugs included Oxfendazole (OFZ) at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml, mixed with Praziquantel (PZQ) at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and Albendazole (ABZ) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The results showed that OFZ was the most effective in influencing the viability of the protoscolices. The percentage of killing after five minutes of treatment was 85.63% and it was 17.21%, 15.10% and 13.09% for OFZ+ABZ, OFZ+PZQ and ABZ+PZQ, respectively. After 30 minutes, the killing percentage was 99.04%, 71.63%, 40.19% and 31.09%, respectively. The percentage of killing reached 100% after 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 2 hours and 3 hours, respectively. The results confirm the use of OFZ as a lethal drug, or a viability-suppressant for protoscolices in the future, after conducting more researches to know the side effects of this drug in laboratory animals for access to the best treatment to those infected with hydatid cysts.

Echinococcus granulosus: Pre-culture of protoscoleces in vitro significantly increases development and viability of secondary hydatid cysts in mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bao Zhang ◽  
Malcolm K. Jones ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Donald P. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Cysts

In vitro efficacy study of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil and cinnamaldehyde against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 107904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fabbri ◽  
Marina Alejandra Maggiore ◽  
Patricia Eugenia Pensel ◽  
Guillermo María Denegri ◽  
María Celina Elissondo
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Efficacy Study ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 874-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumbal Haleem ◽  
Sadaf Niaz ◽  
Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Riaz Ullah ◽  
Hafiz Majid Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Promising Source

AbstractCystic Echinococossis is a serious zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus species complex. The current study was designed to evaluate the in-vitro antiprotoscolices effect of alcoholic extracts of three selected medicinal plants including Buxus Wallichiana, Berberis vulgaris and Euphorbia heliscopia against Echinococcus granulosus. Fertile hydatid cysts were collected from livestock and viability of the protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin red stain method. Protoscolices were subjected to three different concentrations of alcoholic extracts (10mg/ml, 30mg/ ml and 50mg/ml) for 10, 20 and 30 min. The highest efficacy was shown by B. vulgaris (97.92%) followed by B. wallichiana (65.98%) and E. heliscopia (61.22%) respectively, after exposure of 30 minutes at 50mg/ml concentration, that lead to the significant reduction in the viability of protoscolices. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponnins were identified qualitatively and weighted quantitatively, that might help in the identification of bioactive compounds involved in selective action on the tegument layer of protoscolices. Alcoholic extracts of all the three selected medicinal plants showed toxic activities against protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. These findings suggest that all the selected medicinal plants could be a promising source of potent antiprotoscolices effect. However, the mechanism by which plant extracts killed protoscolices and also their safety for living cells are unclear and need to be investigated further.

Comparative cytotoxicity of secondary hydatid cysts, protoscoleces, and in vitro developed microcysts of Echinococcus granulosus

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Janssen ◽  
A. Osuna ◽  
J. Lazuen ◽  
P. H. De Rycke
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion Test ◽  
Concomitant Immunity ◽  
Immunological Reactions

ABSTRACTInfection with the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus is characterized by a concomitant immunity. Survival of established and developing hydatid cysts in the intermediate host implies a mechanism to modulate its immunological reactions. In order to investigate this mechanism, secondary hydatid cysts were isolated from intraperitoneally infected laboratory white mice (strain NMRI) 12 months p.i. A number of hydatid cysts were freed from the surrounding host adventitial tissue. Monolayer cultures of non-stimulated peritoneal macrophages of NMRI mice were prepared and incubated in the presence of the hydatid cysts. By means of a trypan blue exclusion test and by measuring the incorporation of tritium labelled uridine, it was found that the presence of hydatid cysts reduced the viability of the macrophages in vitro. Toxic substances are probably secreted since the medium of cultured hydatid cysts also displayed cytotoxic activity. Hydatid cysts with adventitia, as well as culture medium of those cysts, were less toxic. When toxins, partially purified from hydatid cyst fluid, were previously incubated on a collagen coated surface, a reduced level of toxicity was found, suggesting that collagen of the host adventitia may play a role in controlling the liberation of toxins by the hydatid cyst. Virtually no toxicity was exerted by protoscoleces or by the medium of cultured protoscoleces, in contrast to in vitro vesiculated protoscoleces (so called microcysts). The results reveal a novel feature of hydatid cysts that may play a role in the survival of the parasite in the immunized host.

In vitro development of hydatid cysts from posterior bladders and ruptured brood capsules of equine Echinococcus granulosus

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rogan ◽  
K. Sylvia Richards
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Laminated Layer

SUMMARYA variety of morphological forms developed during monophasic culture of ruptured brood capsules of equine Echinococcus granulosus. Attached to some protoscoleces were small posterior bladders, with a surface ultrastructure of truncated microtriches, and these never developed a laminated layer. In contrast, small free vesicles of similar size and ultrastructure, but devoid of an attached protoscolex, produced a layer by 20–30 days. The surface ultrastructure of both these forms is similar to that of the protoscolex attachment stalk and the brood capsule lining, and posterior bladders and small free vesicles are considered to be derived from portions of the stalk±part of the brood capsule lining retained at protoscolex release. Also present were large vesicles interpreted from their size and surface anatomy as ruptured, everted brood capsules. When devoid of attached protosoleces these formed cysts each with a laminated layer, whereas similar vesicles with several attached protoscoleces did not develop a layer, or only very occasionally after 70 or more days. In contrast, a few large vesicles with a single attached protoscolex produced a laminated layer. The possibility that protoscolex attachment to stalk remnants or brood capsules inhibits the cystic development of these structures is discussed.

Development of larval Echinococcus granulosus confronted with chicken heart tissue in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Janssen ◽  
P. H. De Rycke ◽  
L. De Ridder
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Chicken Heart ◽  
Horse Liver ◽  
Laminated Layer

SUMMARYVesiculated protoscoleces (VP) were produced by culturing freshly collected protoscoleces from Echinococcus granulosus horse liver hydatids in RPMI 1640 monophasic medium at 37°C for 18 days. Half of the VP were used as such, the other half used after killing them by freeze—thawing. Nine-day-old chicken heart fragments (CHF) were cultured in MEM at 37°C for 72 h. Subsequently, CHF were put together with live and dead VP, respectively, for up to 53 days, on a semisolid medium consisting of agar, Ringer's and MEM. Time-dependent histological observations revealed that dead VP were surrounded by CHF cells. Dead VP tissue was eventually internalized and disintegrated in about 1 week. Live VP penetrated into the CHF tissue and further developed into small hydatid cysts, located within the boundaries of the experimental ‘host’ tissue. The amorphous-looking contact region PAP-stained positively only with anti-E. granulosus serum and not with anti-CHF serum; it was considered identical to the normal laminated layer. The invasion of VP in CHF tissue proved to be different from a tumour or a bacterial invasion: it was concluded that the confrontation of VP and CHF had resulted in an ‘in vitro cohabitation’ rather than in an ‘in vitro infecion’.

scholarly journals Experimentally Induced Cerebral Cystic Echinococcosis in Rats: A Suitable Animal Model for Cerebral Echinococcosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein RADFAR ◽  
Soheila FOTOOHI ◽  
Shahrzad AZIZI ◽  
Reza KHEIRANDISH
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Cerebral Hydatidosis

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a worldwide zoonotic cestode that lives mainly in the intestine of dog as definitive host. Its larval stage infects intermediate hosts and forms hydatid cysts mainly in the liver and lungs tissues and less other organs such as brain, eye and bone. In the experimental models, inoculation of protoscoleces into the peritoneum, thoracic cavity, subcutaneous and cerebrum produces hydatid cysts. Experimental echinococcosis in the animal models provides a good opportunity for study of the parasite-host relationship, different transmission ways of infection in the intermediate hosts and effect of new drugs. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Veterinary School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran in 2018. In this study, cerebral hydatidosis was investigated in 6 female Wistar rats weighing (200±20 gr). For this purpose, protoscoleces were collected from hydatid cysts of infected sheep liver. Overall, 300 protoscolices were injected directly in the lateral ventricle by an insulin syringe through the implanted cannula. Results: After 4 months of inoculation, multiple thin-walled, transparent hydatid cysts were observed in the rat skull. All cysts were infertile. The cysts were localized prominently on the cerebral cortex and lesser in the parenchyma and ventricles. The cyst walls consisted of three layers consist of the outer layer (fibrous capsule), two parasitic layers and the endocyst layer (germinal layer). The cyst was surrounded by the inflammatory cells consist of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first experimental cerebral hydatidosis arisen from larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus in the animal model.

scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoEffects of Tamoxifen against Larval Stage Echinococcus granulosus

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5146-5154 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Celeste Nicolao ◽  
María Celina Elissondo ◽  
Guillermo M. Denegri ◽  
Alejandra B. Goya ◽  
Andrea C. Cumino
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

ABSTRACTCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestodeEchinococcus granulosus. Chemotherapy currently employs benzimidazoles; however, 40% of cases do not respond favorably. With regard to these difficulties, novel therapeutic tools are needed to optimize treatment in humans. The aim of this work was to explore thein vitroandin vivoeffects of tamoxifen (TAM) againstE. granulosus. In addition, possible mechanisms for the susceptibility of TAM are discussed in relation to calcium homeostasis, P-glycoprotein inhibition, and antagonist effects on a putative steroid receptor. After 24 h of treatment, TAM, at a low micromolar concentration range (10 to 50 μM), inhibited the survival ofE. granulosusprotoscoleces and metacestodes. Moreover, we demonstrated the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive pharmacological effects of the drug. At a dose rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight, TAM induced protection against the infection in mice. In the clinical efficacy studies, a reduction in cyst weight was observed after the administration of 20 mg/kg in mice with cysts developed during 3 or 6 months, compared to that of those collected from control mice. Since the collateral effects of high TAM doses have been largely documented in clinical trials, the use of low doses of this drug as a short-term therapy may be a novel alternative approach for human cystic echinococcosis treatment.

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