scholarly journals EL DERECHO A PROBAR EN EL PROCEDIMIENTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y SANCIÓN DEL HOSTIGAMIENTO SEXUAL: ¿UNA GARANTÍA RECORTADA?

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
LUIS MARTÍN BRAVO SENMACHE
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right

Con base en la teoría general del proceso, la investigación determina que en el Procedimiento de Investigación y Sanción del Hostigamiento Sexual (PISHS)es identificable la estructura del contradictorio, por lo que su naturaleza es la de un proceso. Sin embargo, la revisión del tratamiento normativo que el PISHS ha dedicado al derecho a la prueba de la parte acusada pone en evidencia que, en la estructura de dicho proceso, el contradictorio no ha sido implementado más que parcialmente, dado que su dimensión sustancial (específicamente, el poder de influencia) no ha sido cabalmente asegurada a favor del presunto/a hostigador/a. Dos escenarios se erigen como posible solución al problema: uno a través de la vía de hecho (preferencia del principio del debido proceso) y otro mediante la reforma legislativa del art. 17.2 del reglamento. Based on the general theory of the process, the investigation determines that in the Investigation and Sanction Procedure for Sexual Harassment (PISHS) the structure of the contradictory is identifiable, so its nature is that of a process. However, the review of the normative treatment that the PISHS has dedicated to the right to proof of the accused party shows that, in the structure of said process, the contradictory has only been partially implemented, given that its substantial dimension (specifically, the power of influence) has not been fully secured in favor of the alleged harasser. Two scenariosare erected as a possible solution to the problem: one through the facto route (preference for the principle of due process of law) and the other through the legislative reform of the art. 17.2 of the reglament.

Introducing Victim Impact Statement in India: Reconceptualizing Victim Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660692199175
Author(s):  
Devansh Dubey ◽  
Payas Jain
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
Victim Impact Statement ◽  
The World ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right

The right to fair trial is inherent in the concept of due process of law, which now forms part of Article 21 of Indian Constitution after the Maneka Gandhi judgement. Pertinently attached with the same comes the responsibility of the criminal system to treat victims with increased awareness and sensitivity. However, the established convention shows that in planning and developing administration of criminal justice, proper attention is not given to the victims of crime in achieving goals of criminal justice; the major cause of it being that a victim is heard only as a witness not as a victim. A credible response to the said issue has emerged in the form of victim impact statement (VIS) in the modern legal system across the world. With that being said, the researchers through this article try to deduce the need for incorporating a VIS in India through the various jurisprudential understandings of what it means to be a victim, including the gap between the subjective experience of the sufferer and the interpretation of the same by others, and what restorative justice would mean to heal a victim. Establishing upon the same premise of victim status, the researchers try to suggest that the introduction of VIS, with the primary purpose of it being a therapeutic tool and not an instrument of changing the course of justice, will serve to make us reconsider our contours of a ‘victim’.

scholarly journals Le recouvrement de l'impôt et les droits de la personne

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-475
Author(s):  
Henri Brun
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Procedural Due Process ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
Income Tax Law ◽  
The Right

Those who like to pay tax are few. Accordingly, income tax is often described as a shame. Of course, the right to enjoyment of property is at stake in the matters of taxation. And the collection of taxation involves also other aspects of the right to substantive and procedural due process of law : right to privacy, to be heard, to unbiassed decision, to professional secrecy... This article contrasts these rights, as they are expressed in sections 5 to 9 and 23 of the Charte des droits et libertés de la personne of Québec and section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, with sections 13 to 16 and 38 and following of the Loi sur le ministère du revenu of Québec and sections 159, 231 and 232 of the Canadian Income Tax Act. It finds that it is the application of the income tax law, more than the law itself, that threatens human rights. It concludes that the main benefit of both Charters of rights is to provide a shelter from such unreasonnable application

THE EVOLUTION IN SPANISH LAW OF STATE IMMUNITY LEADING TO THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE RESTRICTIVE THEORY

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-81
Author(s):  
Alberto Soria Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Spanish Law ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right

SUMMARY Judgment 107/1992 of the Spanish Constitutional Court has not only cleared up any possible doubts about the alleged unconstitutionality of State immunities and it has discarded any possible contradictions that these immunities might have with art. 24.1 of the Spanish Constitution.. Judgment 107/1992 has also directly linked the right to due process of law with the correct jurisdictional application of the international rules to which art. 21.2 of the LOPJ remits. The Constitutional Court feels that extending immunity from enforcement to foreign State property beyond the provisions of Public International Law violates the right to due process because it limits the right to enforcement of judgments without any legal support. On the other hand, the Constitutional Court points out that when the rules of Public International Law impose absolute immunity from enforcement, the aforementioned right is not violated. That in these cases, this right might be guaranteed by diplomatic protection or, as a last resort, by an assumption by the forum State of its duty to satisfy judicially mandated obligations when the absence of enforcement of these might imply undue sacrifice for an individual contrary to the principle of equality before public burdens. Therefore it seems wise for the Spanish State to establish some procedure which would prevent the recognition of immunity would also be highly recommendable for Spain to enact a statute containing a list of exceptions to State immunity as soon as possible. It is the executive branch, therefore, that should resolve this situation by proposing a bill on this issue and perhaps, as a complementary measure, by ratifying the European Convention on State Immunity.

scholarly journals A Teoria das Dimensões dos Direitos Fundamentais como Pressupostos à Consagração de Garantias Fundamentais: um Ensaio sobre o Acesso Efetivo à Justiça

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Gigante Viana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Constitutional State ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Procedural Rights

Resumo: O estudo objetiva a demonstração da teoria das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais como pressuposto à consagração de garantias fundamentais processuais. Para atingir tal intento foi utilizado o método da revisão bibliográfica, notadamente da doutrina constitucional, bem como do estudo de casos trazidos a debate por autores que analisam o processo sob a ótica da Constituição. A relevância do assunto deve-se ao momento atual da ciência jurídica em que a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais é um escopo concreto. Constatou-se a necessidade de tornar eficiente e efetiva a prestação jurisdicional no Estado constitucional e de reconhecer as garantias processuais como direitos fundamentais. Em tal contexto, a eficácia irradiante, a filtragem constitucional e a multifuncionalidade dos direitos fundamentais são abordados. E as balizas teóricas do neoconstitucionalismo e do neoprocessualismo ou formalismo-valorativo são analisadas como pano de fundo das noções desenvolvidas. Assim, a verificação da evolução dos direitos fundamentais processuais, mormente do direito de ação (tutela jurisdicional efetiva) e do devido processo legal (processo justo), a partir da aceitação da teoria das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais, conduz à conclusão de que se caminha na direção de um acesso cada vez mais efetivo à justiça. Palavras-chave: Normas Jusfundamentais; Direito à Proteção; Direito Processual; Conformação do Procedimento; Devido Processo Legal.  Abstract: The study aims at demonstrating the theory of dimensions of fundamental rights as an assumption to the recognition of fundamental procedural guarantees. In order to accomplish this intent the method of bibliographic review was used, notably the constitutional doctrine, as well as the study of cases brought into debate by authors who analyze the process under the eyes of the Constitution. The relevance of the subject is at the current moment of the juridical science in which the effectiveness of fundamental rights has turned into a concrete objective. It was verified the necessity to achieve an efficient and effective jurisdiction in the constitutional State and to recognize procedural guarantees as fundamental rights. In this context, the radiant effectiveness, the constitutional filtration and the multifunction of fundamental rights are approached. And the theoretical landmarks of neo-constitutionalism and neo-proceduralims are analyzed as a background for the notions developed. So the verification of the evolution of fundamental procedural rights, especially the right of action and the due process of law (fair trial), since the admission of the theory of dimensions of fundamental rights, conduce to the conclusion that heads toward the direction of a more effective judicial access. Key-words: Jus-Fundamental Norms; Right to Protection; Procedural Law; Procedure Adequacy; Due Process of Law.

scholarly journals Penyadapan oleh KPK dalam Perspektif Due Process of Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Tamara Laurencia
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

<em>Corruption is very detrimental. KPK was established to eradicate corruption and is given extensive duties and authority. KPK is given the authority to conduct investigation and prosecution, and in the implementation, KPK has the authority to conduct wiretapping. However, the authority given to KPK in conducting wiretapping seems to be too broad and was given without any clear boundaries in terms of the time limit for example. It should also require permission to conduct wiretapping in order to uphold the law. Wiretapping has been a violation of privacy towards citizen rights. The right can only be limited by the Law, but it cannot be removed from existence. One of the principles of criminal procedure in Indonesia is due process of law that consist of three important aspects, namely presumption of innocence, equality before the law, and the rule of law. This principle basically requires the protection of the rights of the suspects or defendants in terms of the substance of the law that regulates or the implementation, which in this case is not to be considered guilty during criminal justice process, equality before the law regarding the right to privacy that can only be limited, not removed from existence.</em>

Desencuentro en la interpretación del derecho a la defensa entre tribunales españoles y TEDH (a propósito de la STEDH de 27 de noviembre de 2012)

2013 ◽  
pp. 259-288
Author(s):  
Goizeder OTAZUA ZABALA
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Public Hearing ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Effective Compliance ◽  
The Right

LABURPENA: Azken lau urteetan, Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegiak gaitzetsi egin du Espainiaren jokabidea, behar bezalako prozesua izateko eskubidea urratzeagatik; zehazkiago, hasieran absolbitutakoa bigarren instantzian kondenatzeagatik, egotzitako akusazioez defendatzeko ikustaldi publikorik egin gabe. Azken zigorretan sakonduz, Estrasburgoko Auzitegiak defentsa eskubidearen alde adierazitako arrazoiak zehaztuko ditugu, Espainiako auzitegien eta Europakoaren arrazoibideen arteko desberdintasunak azaltzeko. Azterketa hori egitea garrantzitsua da, etorkizuneko lege erreformaren oinarriak ezartzeko eta nazioarteko esparruan hartutako obligazioak modu eraginkorrean betetzeko. RESUMEN: Durante los últimos cuatro años España ha sido objeto de desaprobación por parte del TEDH por conculcar el derecho al proceso debido, en concreto, por condenar en segunda instancia al inicialmente absuelto sin celebrar una vista pública en la que poder defenderse de las acusaciones contra él propugnadas. Mediante el análisis de la última de las condenas, junto a sus predecesoras, precisaremos cuáles son las razones que el Tribunal de Estrasburgo esgrime en el alegato al derecho de defensa, y de ese modo discernir qué elementos discordantes existen entre los razonamientos del tribunal nacional y el europeo. Dicho examen resulta relevante para sentar las bases de una futura reforma legislativa con el fin de lograr un efectivo cumplimiento de las obligaciones contraídas en el ámbito internacional. ABSTRACT: For the last four years Spain has been denounced by the ECHR for violating the right to due process, in particular, for sentencing in appeal the initially acquitted without public hearing where he can defend himself from the crimes advocated against him. By means of the analysis of the last ruling, together with the previous ones, we shall specify the reasons that the Court of Strasbourg argues in its reasoning concerning the right to defense and thus distinguish between the discordant elements that are in the reasonings of the national and European courts. That analysis is relevant in order to lay the foundations for a forthcoming legislative reform with the intention of achieving an effective compliance of the duties under international law.

Expropriation in International Investment Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Baetens
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right

Expropriation is the taking of foreign property by a state, whether for public purposes or other reasons. Historic instances of expropriation included outright takings of property, but nowadays expropriation is most commonly a result of indirect governmental measures that have the equivalent effect of a formal taking of property. International law protecting foreigners from the taking of their property began to be incorporated into treaties in the 19th and 20th centuries. Meanwhile, judicial pronouncements, particularly in the aftermath of World War II, paved the way for customary international law on this issue. This included the development of minimum standards for lawful taking of foreign property, including that expropriation must be for a public purpose; applied in a nondiscriminatory manner; carried out with due process of law; and accompanied by payment of prompt, adequate, and effective compensation. Nowadays, the international legal framework for regulating the right to take foreign property is largely contained in international investment agreements (IIAs). IIAs incorporate the minimum standards for lawful expropriatory measures developed in customary international law, but also provide additional rules on the types of property protected, requirements for such protection, and the actions from which property is protected. One of the biggest questions faced by international investment tribunals interpreting IIAs is the distinction between compensable indirect expropriations and legitimate, non-compensable regulatory measures. Arbitral tribunals are also yet to agree on principles for quantifying compensation and criteria for valuing expropriated property. Much of the literature in this article is devoted to these thorny issues.

scholarly journals The Right Non Self-Incrimination and Epistemology of Criminal Witnesses

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Zahri Kurniawan ◽  
Ilham Wahyudi ◽  
H.S. Tisnanta
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Epistemological Basis

The absence of a clear normative interpretation related to witnesses who are also criminal perpetrators in the Indonesian court has controversy on the theoretical level. In practice, the practitioners adopt a concept known in other countries. However, in adopting ideas from other countries, practitioners are often trapped in practitioners’ paradigms. Translating the perpetrators’ witnesses such as crown witnesses, justice collaborators (JC), and whistleblowers (wb,) are not the concepts comprehensively. In the end, the witness being denied the rights of the perpetrators, namely right non-self-incrimination. The paper offers a concept for finding solutions in the use of witnesses who are also as criminal perpetrators in epistemological basis. These considerations are used to provide a coherent way based on the principle to justify the use of witness evidence from the criminal perpetrators. The purpose is to accord with the principle of due process of law, not to clash the principle of non-self-incrimination in proving the search of material truth.

scholarly journals Due process of law in Russian Federation Law: Perception and Core issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Van Thang
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Core Issues

Abstract: This article explains the reasons for the lack of popularity of the term "due process of law" in the Russian current legal system. Nevertheless, all fundamental aspects of this principle included perception, core issues, and requirements that have been shown in a relatively complete and comprehensive way under another name with various levels, forms of expression, and its compliance. By Russia's case study, the author affirms that due process of law is necessary not only in the procedure proceedings that take place before the judicial decisions are made but also in the implementation of decisions and judgments given by courts and other entities. Above all, due process of law would maximize its efficiency when it is nourished in the right ecosystem.

THE DUTY TO GOVERN

Legal Theory ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Green
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Right

Contemporary legal philosophers have focussed their attention on two aspects of the general theory of authority: the issue of legitimacy (or the right to govern) and the issue of obligation (or the duty to obey). In John Finnis's work we have a powerful statement of the importance of a third issue: the problem of governance (or the duty to govern). This paper explores the nature of this duty, its foundations, and its relation to the other aspects of a theory of authority.

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