Evaluation of properties, processes and modes of acid-base conditions on sod-podzolic soils

The paper offers an assessment of the acid-base state of soils, accounting for the interrelationships of properties, processes and modes. The information content of the assessment of the fractional composition of acid-base systems, the kinetics of the processes, the suspension effect, the buffer capacity in different pH ranges, the depositing ability of soils to ions that determine their acid-base state is shown. The optimal indicators of the acid-base state of soils are estimated using the feedback principles: introduction of elements into the soil suspension - analysis of the response of plants developing on this suspension by the parameters of photosynthesis - search for the extremum. It is shown that the change in soil acidity is largely due to the processes of complex formation, the effects of protonation and hydrate formation of complexes of organic ligands and polyvalent cations. The expediency of using water-soluble organic substances of decomposing plant residues to increase the solubility of CaCO3 and purposefully change the exchange constants H+, Fe2+, Mn2+, A13+ from the Soil Absorption Complex to the Ca2+ ion is shown. Shown that increased sod soil formation process leads to a migration of Ca, Mg, and K to the arable layer from underlying layers. Ca, Mg and K also transition from a non-exchange state to the exchange state that allows for an increase in the time between repeated rounds of liming of sod-podzolic soils. Keywords: SOIL ACIDITY, SOIL PROPERTIES PROCESSES AND MODES