DISEASE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII ON ARACHIS HYPOGEA L

Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and edible crops of the world. It is affected by many diseases, among which stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is major fungal disease that cause severe yield losses up to 80%. An experiment wasconducted in Tamil Nadu during 2019-2020, to study the cultural, morphological and pathogenicity of different isolates of S. rolfsii infecting groundnut in major cultivating areas of Tamil Nadu. The overall disease severity ranges from 9.82 to 36.83 percent. The highest disease incidence 36.83 per cent was noticed in the Kalpadai village and the least incidence 9.82 per cent was recorded in Pattukotttai village. All the isolates varied their ability to produce abundant mycelium and sclerotial production. The pathogenicity test was conducted to all the twenty isolates and the isolate Sr6 exhibited the maximum disease incidence and proved to be more virulent.

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Variabilities of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Inciting Stem Rot Disease of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in North Bengal Districts of West Bengal

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 3094-3103

Author(s):

S. Baskey ◽

S. Khalko ◽

S. Hembram ◽

S. Bondopadhyay ◽

A. Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Arachis Hypogea ◽

Rot Disease ◽

North Bengal

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CULTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PATHOGENICITY CHARACTERS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII CAUSING STEM ROT IN GROUNDNUT

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

Sutha Raja Kumar ◽

R. Arulselvi A ◽

Rex Immanuel R ◽

John Chrsitopher D. ◽

Jaiganesh V. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Cent Disease

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the cultural, morphological and pathogenicity characters of Sclerotium rolfsii. Maximum per cent disease incidence was recorded in Nadiyappattu followed by Sivapuri, Kammapuram, Killai, Kurinjipadi, Parangipettai, Chathiram and Puthuchathiram in the decreasing order of merit of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The native isolates of S. rolfsii were isolated from the respective locations and designated as (SR1 to SR9). All the isolated showed variations with respect to colony character, mycelial growth, no of sclerotia, colour of sclerotia, shape and arrangement of sclerotia. Among the nine isolates of S. rolfsii collected from different groundnut growing areas of Cuddalore district, the isolate (SR5) collected from Nadiyappattu was found to be more virulent and recorded the maximum incidence followed by SR8 collected from Sivapuri. Maximum susceptibility was recorded when the plants are about 45 days showing disease incidence of upto 79.86 per cent.

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Culture-dependent analysis of seed bacterial endophyte, Pseudomonas spp. EGN 1 against the stem rot disease (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00317-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

T. Archana ◽

L. Rajendran ◽

S. K. Manoranjitham ◽

V. P. Santhana Krishnan ◽

M. Paramasivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Main Body ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Bacterial Endophyte ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Culture Dependent

Abstract Background Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., crop is an important oil seed crop in India and is prone to attack by numerous fungal and viral diseases, among the soil-borne diseases, stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is economically important. Main body of abstract Incidence (86.6%) of the stem rot disease was recorded in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, during the roving survey. For its management, an attempt was made to isolate bacterial endophyte from peanut seeds of different groundnut cultivars by culture-dependent analysis. Totally, 16 bacterial endophytes (endophytes groundnut (EGN) 1 to EGN 16 along with standards TNAU-Pf1 and EPC 5) were obtained and characterized through morphological, biochemical and molecular studies and also phytostimulation activities were performed. Among the isolates, EGN 1 and EGN 4 showed positive results for indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, phosphate solubilization and protease tests in vitro. The dual culture analysis showed inhibition rates of 60.1% (dual plate assay), 68.23% (filter paper disc assay) and 100% (triangle method of streaking and culture filtrate assay) for EGN 1 against S. rolfsii. Further, the crude metabolite assay showed 97.7% inhibition in EGN 1, followed by 87.7% in EGN 4. The roll towel study showed a high vigour index of 4286.7 in EGN 1; hence, this isolate was chosen. Further, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed various bands at 0.72 Rf, whereas GC-MS analysis indicated the prominent peaks of hexadecanoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid that may responsible for antifungal activity. In a molecular approach, the genomic DNA of EGN 1 strain was used to amplify a 1200 bp PCR-fragment and sequenced. Short conclusion The overall outcome of this study showed that Pseudomonas spp. EGN 1 had a great potential as a bio-stimulant and biocontrol agent to manage effectively the stem rot in peanut.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENOMIC VARIABLITY OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. CAUSING STEM ROT OF TUBEROSE

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

N.H. Sankar Reddy ◽

T. Sivakumar ◽

P. Balabaskar ◽

K. Kuralarasi

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Its Region ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Rot Disease ◽

The One ◽

Rdna Amplification

Tuberose is one of the most important ornamental bulbous flower crop cultivated for cut and loose flower trade. The flower has been used for ornaments, bouquets and buttonholes or crown and frequently used during marriages and religious ceremonies. The tuberose was often infected by various numbers of diseases; among that S. rolfsii is the one of the major disease which causes stem rot disease. The S. rolfsii were collected from various locations of Tamil Nadu were examined for morphological and genomic variability. Fifteen isolates of S. rolfsii was assessed and various morphological growth parameters (Mycelia growth, No. of sclerotia/ plate, colour of sclerotia, time taken for sclerotial production (days) and variations among S. rolfsii isolates was recorded. ITS region of rDNA amplification with specific ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers produced approximately 600 to 700 bp in all the isolates confirmed that all the isolates obtained are S. rolfsii. The sequences of isolates viz., Sr1 and Sr2 were identified as S. rolfsii through BLAST search in NCBI website (www.blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast). The sequences were deposited in the Gene Bank with the accession numbers MK880692, MK880693.

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Isolation and molecular identification of fungi that cause stem rot disease in Bali's local legumes

Biogenesis Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.24252/bio.v9i1.20426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ni Made Susun Parwanayoni ◽

Dewa Ngurah Suprapta ◽

Nyoman Darsini ◽

Sang Ketut Sudirga

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Athelia Rolfsii ◽

Legume Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Efforts to improve food security in Indonesia, especially in Bali, need to be supported by improvements in cultivation techniques, including the management of pests and diseases. Legume crops are often attacked by stem rot diseases which can cause decreased production and economic losses. This disease is generally caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of the two species of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii and Athelia rolfsii are the same and difficult to distinguish, so molecular identification is needed to determine the species. The research aims to isolate and molecularly identify fungi that cause stem rot disease in local legume plants in Bali. Research methods include isolation of pathogenic fungi from legumes showing symptoms of stem rot disease in Bali, pathogenicity test, identification of the highest levels of virulent isolates, DNA extraction, DNA amplification by PCR, and electrophoresis, ITS region sequencing, and computer analysis sequences DNA. The results of isolation pathogens that cause stem rot disease in Bali's local legume plants obtained six fungal isolates coded SKT, SKB1, SKB2 SKB3, SKL and SKN isolates. SKT isolates had the highest virulence rate after the pathogenicity test of peanut plants. Molecular identification results show that SKT isolate is Athelia rolfsii, because it's in a clade with Athelia rolfsii fungi sequences in GenBank with 100% Bootstrap support.

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A Comparison of Disease Assessment Methods for Southern Stem Rot of Peanut

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/pnut.29.1.0012 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. L. Rideout ◽

T. B. Brenneman ◽

K. L. Stevenson

Keyword(s):

Alternative Assessment ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Assessment Methods ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Time Required

Abstract Southern stem rot (caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) traditionally has been assessed based on the percentage of infected 30.5-cm row segments, commonly referred to as disease incidence. Several alternative disease assessment methods were evaluated in four fungicide trials during the growing season (aboveground ratings) and immediately after peanut inversion (belowground ratings). Pearson's correlation coefficients compared disease assessments and yields for all trials. Across all disease assessment methods, belowground assessments at inversion showed a stronger correlation with yield than in-season aboveground assessments. Several of the alternative assessment methods showed a stronger negative correlation with yield than did the traditional disease incidence rating. However, none of the alternative methods were consistently more precise across all assessment dates and trials. There was a significant positive correlation between many of the alternative methods and the traditional disease incidence method. Furthermore, none of the alternative methods was better than the traditional method for detecting differences among fungicide treatments when subjected to ANOVA and subsequent Waller-Duncan mean separation tests (k-ratio = 100). Based on comparisons of the time required to assess disease intensity, the traditional disease assessment method was found to be the most time efficient method of those tested in this study.

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EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS-ENRICHED FERTILIZERS ON BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY ON OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) SEEDLINGS

American Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.3844/ajassp.2014.1841.1859 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1841-1859 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fabien Fonguimgo Tengoua ◽

Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽

A. S. Idris ◽

Kadir Jugah ◽

Jamaludin Nurul Mayziatul Azwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Basal Stem Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-17-2-5 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 65-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

T. B. Brenneman ◽

W. D. Branch ◽

A. S. Csinos

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Field Tests ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

The Mean ◽

Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

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Reaction of Select Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines to Southern Stem Rot and Pythium Pod Rot Under Varied Disease Pressure

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-16-1-3 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

O. D. Smith ◽

T. E. Boswell ◽

W. J. Grichar ◽

C. E. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Resistant Parent ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Considerable Resistance ◽

Disease Pressure

Abstract Eight breeding lines, three parents, and the cultivar Florunner were compared under two levels of disease pressure induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., or Pythium myriotylum Drechs. at each of two locations for three years to ascertain the effectiveness of the host plant resistance to each pathogen. Varied disease pressures were created by application of fungicides and supplement of fungal inoculum. Mean Florunner pod yields varied more than 1000 kg/ha as a result of the S. rolfsii treatments but the yields of the resistant TxAG-3 were not affected. Disease incidence, as measured by frequency of S. rolfsii infection sites and diseased pods, was much higher for Florunner than TxAG-3. Breeding lines for which TxAG-3 was a parent sustained significant yield reductions. The disease incidence in these lines was higher than the resistant parent, equal or less than Tamnut 74, their other parent, and less than Florunner. The grades of TxAG-3 and its derivatives were lower than Florunner. Pod rot incidence differed for the P. myriotylum treatments but pod yields were not different. TxAG-3 and Toalson sustained less pod disease than Florunner and Tamnut 74. The percent of diseased pod tissue for one derivative of Toalson was lower than Toalson and TxAG-3, and that of one TxAG-3 derivative was equal to its best parent. The breeding lines varied in reaction to the two diseases and some lines showed considerable resistance to both organisms.

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