scholarly journals Understanding Chinese Government Guidance Funds: An Analysis of Chinese Language Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngor Luong ◽  
Zachary Arnold ◽  
Ben Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Policy Mechanisms ◽  
Silver Bullet

China’s government is using public-private investment funds, known as guidance funds, to deploy massive amounts of capital in support of strategic and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. Drawing exclusively on Chinese-langauge sources, this report explores how guidance funds raise and deploy capital, manage their investment, and interact with public and private actors. The guidance fund model is no silver bullet, but it has many advantages over traditional industrial policy mechanisms.

scholarly journals Chinese Government Guidance Funds: A Guide for the Perplexed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngor Luong ◽  
Zachary Arnold ◽  
Ben Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private

The Chinese government is pouring money into public-private investment funds, known as guidance funds, to advance China’s strategic and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. These funds are mobilizing massive amounts of capital from public and private sources—prompting both concern and skepticism among outside observers. This overview presents essential findings from our full-length report on these funds, analyzing the guidance fund model, its intended benefits and weaknesses, and its long-term prospects for success.

scholarly journals The Multiplier Effect of European Union Funds in the Alentejo Region, Portugal, Between 2014-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Diamantino Ribeiro ◽  
Natacha Jesus-Silva ◽  
João Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Tagus Valley

The Partnership Agreement established between the European Union and the Member States for the implementation of the European Structural and Investment Funds for the period 2014-2020 has come to an end. It is, therefore, important to understand what impact the Partnership Agreement had on public and private investments in the different Portuguese regions. Support for regional investment has allowed the construction or modernization of collective infrastructures, such as schools, promotion of cultural and natural heritage, investment in energy efficiency, investment in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for public services, develop research and development initiatives, as well as urban rehabilitation and mobility. This also includes investments of intermunicipal and business nature. This paper is part of an extended study that analyses the multiplier impact of the application of European Union funds in public and private investment in the 7 Portuguese regions: Porto and North of Portugal, Centro, Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Alentejo, Algarve, Azores and Madeira. In this article we analyse the multiplier impact of the investment of the European funds allocated to the Alentejo Region, in Portugal, under the H2020 Program until the month of March 2020.

scholarly journals A Review on Policy Gaps of Agriculture Research and Development (R&D) in India and Their Effect on Agriculture Stakeholders

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
R. Ridhi ◽  
C. Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Central State ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Current Scenario

Purpose: An impressive stride in the agriculture sector in India after green revolution from a food deficient to food surplus country is attributed to the well-established infrastructure and contribution of various farm families in this sector. In the current scenario, various cons of food surplus and other stagnation issues of the policies need to be contemplated. The various policy reforms should inculcate well utilization of agriculture investment funds, methodologies to allow increments in farmer’s income to prevent their suicidal rates, incentives and requirements for private R&D investment in agriculture while maintaining the sustainable development goal of India. A complete transparent paradigm approach to be followed by the central, state governments and private sectors for fostering agriculture growth is analyzed in this review. The impetus behind the lack of agriculture growth in spite of tremendous productivity measures adopted by farmers, policy makers; public and private investment lies in lacking of an appropriate infrastructure as per current need and demand. It is imperative to foster paradigm protocol in agriculture with articulate government intermediaries to prevent monopoly of a particular authority in due course of time. It develops spurring behavior among stakeholders to form a consortium to revitalize the complete agriculture R&D to obviate the bottle necks hampering agriculture proliferation. Design: The present review highlights the mandatory need in the current scenario to review the agriculture research and development policies and desired amendments as per the needs of the associated stake holders. Paper Type: Review article

scholarly journals Double elevation: Autonomous weapons and the search for an irreducible law of war

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kalpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
Autonomous Weapons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meaningful Role

AbstractWhat should be the role of law in response to the spread of artificial intelligence in war? Fuelled by both public and private investment, military technology is accelerating towards increasingly autonomous weapons, as well as the merging of humans and machines. Contrary to much of the contemporary debate, this is not a paradigm change; it is the intensification of a central feature in the relationship between technology and war: double elevation, above one’s enemy and above oneself. Elevation above one’s enemy aspires to spatial, moral, and civilizational distance. Elevation above oneself reflects a belief in rational improvement that sees humanity as the cause of inhumanity and de-humanization as our best chance for humanization. The distance of double elevation is served by the mechanization of judgement. To the extent that judgement is seen as reducible to algorithm, law becomes the handmaiden of mechanization. In response, neither a focus on questions of compatibility nor a call for a ‘ban on killer robots’ help in articulating a meaningful role for law. Instead, I argue that we should turn to a long-standing philosophical critique of artificial intelligence, which highlights not the threat of omniscience, but that of impoverished intelligence. Therefore, if there is to be a meaningful role for law in resisting double elevation, it should be law encompassing subjectivity, emotion and imagination, law irreducible to algorithm, a law of war that appreciates situated judgement in the wielding of violence for the collective.

scholarly journals The Governance System of Industrial Policy in the Era of Growth in Korea from the Perspective of State-Society Relations

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Eom Seok Jin ◽  
Bae Kwan Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Governance Processes

In this study, the authors examine the governance system of industrial policy in the era of economic growth in Korea from the perspective of statesociety relations. Specifically, we consider the public and private actors who engaged in governance processes related to industrial policy and their interactions, as well as the formal and informal institutions that constrained the actors. As a principal actor, the government established the effective and efficient institutions in each stage of the governance process. These institutions not only enhanced the industrial policy capacity of the government but also created an environment that permitted various stakeholders in private sector to be involved in the governance system. The private actors in the governance process, in turn, became major sources of information and driving forces of industrial promotion.

10 Self-Regulation and Private Actors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spangler Timothy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Private Actors

This chapter focuses on self-regulation as a means for private actors to address the governance challenge in private investment funds. It first considers the role and limits of financial regulation before discussing the ways that self-regulation and private actors can help in governing the organization, renumerating, risk management and reporting activities of private investment funds. It then examines four codes of conduct for private actors involved in private investment funds: the Best Practices of the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, the Managed Fund Association’s Sound Practices, Sir Andrew Large’s consultation on ‘Hedge Fund Standards’, and the Institutional Limited Partners Association guidelines. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the role of investors in investor protection failures and the importance of private law for private actors seeking to address the governance challenge.

Trade Creation or Trade Diversion in ASEAN and ASEAN+6 FTAs: Trade Indicators Approach

2015 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Anh Tu Thuy ◽  
Ngoc Le Minh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

This paper makes use of two trade indicators, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Regional Orientation (RO), to evaluate the economic impacts of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (The) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on Vietnamese commodities at the Harmonized System (HS) 2-digit level. Several sectors in which Vietnam has revealed a comparative advantage, has benefited from the AFTA, and would continue to enjoy trade creation from the RCEP, are: Cereals (10), Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement (25), Rubber (40), Knitted or crocheted fabric (60), etc. More importantly, the result provides a list of commodities in which Vietnam has a comparative advantage and only experiences trade creation when participating in the RCEP. These are: Milling products, malt, starches, inulin, wheat gluten (11), Vegetable plaiting materials, vegetable products not elsewhere specified (14), Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal (44), etc. Findings also show commodities in which Vietnam has a comparative advantage; but are not well positioned in the RCEP market yet, e.g. Cereal, flour, starch, milk preparations and products (19) and Manmade staple fibres (55). If sufficient investment decisions and marketing strategies are applied to these commodities, they will well penetrate the RCEP market and bring trade creation and welfare improvement to Vietnam. Public and private investment should consider the above-mentioned commodities as targets to leapfrog the benefits of RCEP.

Global Administrative Law: A Transnational Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-178
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Ladeur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Actors

The most important phenomena attributable to the project of “global administrative law” (GAL) consists of rules, principles, practices, or procedures that have a more informal character and are generated from networks of public and private actors. The main characteristics of those rules is that they tend to be generated below the level of formal international treaties and that norm production occurs—at least in part—outside traditional formal modes of decision-making. However, some GAL norms including standards on products and services in particular, can have far reaching consequences as their factual weight is much more influential than domestic norms. GAL also develops new forms of procedure (e.g., voting) that are different from traditional international forms.

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