scholarly journals Chinese Government Guidance Funds: A Guide for the Perplexed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngor Luong ◽  
Zachary Arnold ◽  
Ben Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private

The Chinese government is pouring money into public-private investment funds, known as guidance funds, to advance China’s strategic and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. These funds are mobilizing massive amounts of capital from public and private sources—prompting both concern and skepticism among outside observers. This overview presents essential findings from our full-length report on these funds, analyzing the guidance fund model, its intended benefits and weaknesses, and its long-term prospects for success.

scholarly journals Understanding Chinese Government Guidance Funds: An Analysis of Chinese Language Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngor Luong ◽  
Zachary Arnold ◽  
Ben Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Policy Mechanisms ◽  
Silver Bullet

China’s government is using public-private investment funds, known as guidance funds, to deploy massive amounts of capital in support of strategic and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. Drawing exclusively on Chinese-langauge sources, this report explores how guidance funds raise and deploy capital, manage their investment, and interact with public and private actors. The guidance fund model is no silver bullet, but it has many advantages over traditional industrial policy mechanisms.

Aid to Underdeveloped Countries

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
R. L. Major
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Total Stock

Aid from industrial countries (that is, grants and long-term public and private investment) now makes a significant contribution to the economies of underdeveloped countries. From 1956 to 1959, these countries received, on average, $6½ billion a year. This yearly inflow was equal to about a third of their income from merchandise exports to the rest of the world, or something approaching two-thirds of their total stock of gold and foreign exchange reserves; it is very much bigger than it was in the post-war years up to 1952—when it was probably not more than $2 billion a year.

scholarly journals Securing Semiconductor Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Semiconductor Chips

The countries with the greatest capacity to develop, produce and acquire state-of-the-art semiconductor chips hold key advantages in the development of emerging technologies. At present, the United States and its allies possess significant leverage over core segments of the supply chain used to produce these chips. This policy brief outlines actions the United States and its allies can take to secure that advantage in the long term and use it to promote the beneficial use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence.

“Pros” and “cons” of the draft Law on long-term programming of scientific research – a mechanism for long-term state regulation of R&D projects in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
ELENA V. PONOMARENKO ◽  
◽  
VIRGINIE ODDO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
French Society ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Support For Innovation ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Pros And Cons

There is a fierce competitive fight for innovation and talent all over the world. As we know, talented and competent personnel appear in higher education and scientific research. Now, the country’s competitiveness depends both on its ability to realize the innovative potential, and on the ability to respond to global challenges – environmental, social, epidemiological, etc. In this regard, the experience of France, associated with its ambitious goals, to take a leading position in the field of R&D, to update the formation mechanism within the country and attract talented researchers, to strengthen research potential, to develop institutional forms of support for innovation and to attract public and private investment, looks quite interesting. The most important thing for us is a specific toolkit for resolving the contradictions of accumulated problems in French society to develop the processes of research and innovation as a whole. At present, serious discussions are underway on the government’s draft Law on the long-term programming of scientific research, and in this article, we present the results of these disputes.

scholarly journals The Multiplier Effect of European Union Funds in the Alentejo Region, Portugal, Between 2014-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Diamantino Ribeiro ◽  
Natacha Jesus-Silva ◽  
João Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Tagus Valley

The Partnership Agreement established between the European Union and the Member States for the implementation of the European Structural and Investment Funds for the period 2014-2020 has come to an end. It is, therefore, important to understand what impact the Partnership Agreement had on public and private investments in the different Portuguese regions. Support for regional investment has allowed the construction or modernization of collective infrastructures, such as schools, promotion of cultural and natural heritage, investment in energy efficiency, investment in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for public services, develop research and development initiatives, as well as urban rehabilitation and mobility. This also includes investments of intermunicipal and business nature. This paper is part of an extended study that analyses the multiplier impact of the application of European Union funds in public and private investment in the 7 Portuguese regions: Porto and North of Portugal, Centro, Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Alentejo, Algarve, Azores and Madeira. In this article we analyse the multiplier impact of the investment of the European funds allocated to the Alentejo Region, in Portugal, under the H2020 Program until the month of March 2020.

scholarly journals A Review on Policy Gaps of Agriculture Research and Development (R&D) in India and Their Effect on Agriculture Stakeholders

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
R. Ridhi ◽  
C. Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Central State ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Current Scenario

Purpose: An impressive stride in the agriculture sector in India after green revolution from a food deficient to food surplus country is attributed to the well-established infrastructure and contribution of various farm families in this sector. In the current scenario, various cons of food surplus and other stagnation issues of the policies need to be contemplated. The various policy reforms should inculcate well utilization of agriculture investment funds, methodologies to allow increments in farmer’s income to prevent their suicidal rates, incentives and requirements for private R&D investment in agriculture while maintaining the sustainable development goal of India. A complete transparent paradigm approach to be followed by the central, state governments and private sectors for fostering agriculture growth is analyzed in this review. The impetus behind the lack of agriculture growth in spite of tremendous productivity measures adopted by farmers, policy makers; public and private investment lies in lacking of an appropriate infrastructure as per current need and demand. It is imperative to foster paradigm protocol in agriculture with articulate government intermediaries to prevent monopoly of a particular authority in due course of time. It develops spurring behavior among stakeholders to form a consortium to revitalize the complete agriculture R&D to obviate the bottle necks hampering agriculture proliferation. Design: The present review highlights the mandatory need in the current scenario to review the agriculture research and development policies and desired amendments as per the needs of the associated stake holders. Paper Type: Review article

scholarly journals Double elevation: Autonomous weapons and the search for an irreducible law of war

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kalpouzos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
Autonomous Weapons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meaningful Role

AbstractWhat should be the role of law in response to the spread of artificial intelligence in war? Fuelled by both public and private investment, military technology is accelerating towards increasingly autonomous weapons, as well as the merging of humans and machines. Contrary to much of the contemporary debate, this is not a paradigm change; it is the intensification of a central feature in the relationship between technology and war: double elevation, above one’s enemy and above oneself. Elevation above one’s enemy aspires to spatial, moral, and civilizational distance. Elevation above oneself reflects a belief in rational improvement that sees humanity as the cause of inhumanity and de-humanization as our best chance for humanization. The distance of double elevation is served by the mechanization of judgement. To the extent that judgement is seen as reducible to algorithm, law becomes the handmaiden of mechanization. In response, neither a focus on questions of compatibility nor a call for a ‘ban on killer robots’ help in articulating a meaningful role for law. Instead, I argue that we should turn to a long-standing philosophical critique of artificial intelligence, which highlights not the threat of omniscience, but that of impoverished intelligence. Therefore, if there is to be a meaningful role for law in resisting double elevation, it should be law encompassing subjectivity, emotion and imagination, law irreducible to algorithm, a law of war that appreciates situated judgement in the wielding of violence for the collective.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence for the public sector: opportunities and challenges of cross-sector collaboration

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2128) ◽  
pp. 20170357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava Jankin Mikhaylov ◽  
Marc Esteve ◽  
Averill Campion
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Uncertainty

Public sector organizations are increasingly interested in using data science and artificial intelligence capabilities to deliver policy and generate efficiencies in high-uncertainty environments. The long-term success of data science and artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector relies on effectively embedding it into delivery solutions for policy implementation. However, governments cannot do this integration of AI into public service delivery on their own. The UK Government Industrial Strategy is clear that delivering on the AI grand challenge requires collaboration between universities and the public and private sectors. This cross-sectoral collaborative approach is the norm in applied AI centres of excellence around the world. Despite their popularity, cross-sector collaborations entail serious management challenges that hinder their success. In this article we discuss the opportunities for and challenges of AI for the public sector. Finally, we propose a series of strategies to successfully manage these cross-sectoral collaborations.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations’.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate and Competiveness of Senegalese Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Abdou Aziz Toure ◽  
◽  
Souleymane Keita ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Real ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate

This paper aims at assessing the potential impact of the exchange rate on the competitiveness of Senegalese companies. It attempts to evaluate the elasticity of manufacturing exports in relation to public and private investment and to the real effective exchange rate in Senegal, over the period 1984-2010. The methodology used is an econometric model based on an equation of reduced form. The results of the long-term model estimation indicate that public and private investment both have a positive and significant impact on manufacturing exports while the real effective exchange rate has a negative impact. Keywords: Exchange rates, Competitiveness, Elasticity of exports, Senegalese companies.

Facebook's Africa plan is to boost user base first

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Regional Headquarters ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ssa Countries

Significance The platform is currently available in eight sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Facebook's decision, announced in late June, to set up its first African regional headquarters in Johannesburg underlines its long-term growth ambitions on the continent. Impacts Facebook joins multiple other tech giants with Africa expansion plans, including Google, IBM, Microsoft and Phillips. Some of these firms are partnering with local technology 'hubs', particularly in Nairobi, designed to fuel innovation. However, the business model for these hubs is ill-defined; much activity remains centred on donor grants over service provision. Despite weak evidence for effective local innovation, public and private investment flows will likely remain strong.

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