Methanogenic Archaea-A Potential Periodontal Pathogen?

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Subash Aaron Muthuraj
Keyword(s):  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen

scholarly journals Existence of natural mouse IgG mAbs recognising epitopes shared by malondialdehyde acetaldehyde adducts and Porphyromonas gingivalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Mikael Kyrklund ◽  
Heidi Kaski ◽  
Ramin Akhi ◽  
Antti E Nissinen ◽  
Outi Kummu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
First Line ◽  
Germline Genes ◽  
Innate Recognition

Natural Abs are produced by B lymphocytes in the absence of external Ag stimulation. They recognise self, altered self and foreign Ags, comprising an important first-line defence against invading pathogens and serving as innate recognition receptors for tissue homeostasis. Natural IgG Abs have been found in newborns and uninfected individuals. Yet, their physiological role remains unclear. Previously, no natural IgG Abs to oxidation-specific epitopes have been reported. Here, we show the cloning and characterisation of mouse IgG mAbs against malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA)-modified low-density lipoprotein. Sequence analysis reveals high homology with germline genes, suggesting that they are natural. Further investigation shows that the MAA-specific natural IgG Abs cross-react with the major periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and recognise its principle virulence factors gingipain Kgp and long fimbriae. The study provides evidence that natural IgGs may play an important role in innate immune defence and in regulation of tissue homeostasis by recognising and removing invading pathogens and/or modified self-Ags, thus being involved in the development of periodontitis and atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity Dynamics in a Methanogenic-Sulfidogenic UASB Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
E. Fernández-Palacios ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Mabel Mora ◽  
David Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Long Run

In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction in a SOx emissions treatment system were assessed using crude glycerol as organic carbon source and electron donor under constant S and C loading rates. The reactor was inoculated with granular sludge obtained from a pulp and paper industry and fed at a constant inlet sulfate concentration of 250 mg S-SO42−L−1 and a constant C/S ratio of 1.5 ± 0.3 g Cg−1 S for over 500 days. Apart from the regular analysis of chemical species, Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the dynamics of the bacterial community along with the whole operation. The reactor was sampled along the operation to monitor its diversity and the changes in targeted species to gain insight into the performance of the sulfidogenic UASB. Moreover, studies on the stratification of the sludge bed were performed by sampling at different reactor heights. Shifts in the UASB performance correlated well with the main shifts in microbial communities of interest. A progressive loss of the methanogenic capacity towards a fully sulfidogenic UASB was explained by a progressive wash-out of methanogenic Archaea, which were outcompeted by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio was found as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor along time. A progressive reduction in the sulfidogenic capacity of the UASB was found in the long run due to the accumulation of a slime-like substance in the UASB.

scholarly journals Developing Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Oral Healthy Food

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Wei-Kuang Lai ◽  
Ying-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Ren Hsieh ◽  
Chien-Kei Wei ◽  
Yi-Hong Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Oral Tablet ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Lactic acid bacteria have functions in immunoregulation, antagonism, and pathogen inhibition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in countering oral pathogens and develop related products. After a series of assays to 450 LAB strains, 8 heat-inactivated strains showed a strong inhibitory effect on a caries pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, and 308 heat-inactivated LAB strains showed a strong inhibitory effect on a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. The key reasons for inhibiting oral pathogens were bacteriocins produced by LAB and the coaggregation effect of the inactivated cells. We selected Lacticaseibacillus (Lb) paracasei 111 and Lb.paracasei 141, which had the strongest inhibitory effects on the above pathogens, was the main oral health food source. The optimal cultural conditions of Lb. paracasei 111 and Lb. paracasei 141 were studied. An oral tablet with a shelf life of 446 days made of the above strains was developed. A 40 volunteers’ clinical study (CSMUH IRB number: CS05065) was conducted with this tablet in the Periodontological Department of the Stomatology Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chung Shan Medical University (Taiwan). After 8 weeks of testing, 95% and 78.9% of patients showed an effect on reducing periodontal pathogens and improving probing pocket depth, respectively, in the oral tablet group.

scholarly journals Exacerbation of AMD Phenotype in Lasered CNV Murine Model by Dysbiotic Oral Pathogens

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Pachiappan Arjunan ◽  
Radhika Swaminathan ◽  
Jessie Yuan ◽  
Mohamed Elashiry ◽  
Amany Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Periodontal Infection

Emerging evidence underscores an association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal disease (PD), yet the biological basis of this linkage and the specific role of oral dysbiosis caused by PD in AMD pathophysiology remains unclear. Furthermore, a simple reproducible model that emulates characteristics of both AMD and PD has been lacking. Hence, we established a novel AMD+PD murine model to decipher the potential role of oral infection (ligature-enhanced) with the keystone periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the progression of neovasculogenesis in a laser-induced choroidal-neovascularization (Li-CNV) mouse retina. By a combination of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography, we documented inflammatory drusen-like lesions, reduced retinal thickness, and increased vascular leakage in AMD+PD mice retinae. H&E further confirmed a significant reduction of retinal thickness and subretinal drusen-like deposits. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed significant induction of choroidal/retinal vasculogenesis in AMD+PD mice. qPCR identified increased expression of oxidative-stress, angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas antioxidants and anti-inflammatory genes in AMD+PD mice retinae were notably decreased. Through qPCR, we detected Pg and its fimbrial 16s-RrNA gene expression in the AMD+PD mice retinae. To sum-up, this is the first in vivo study signifying a role of periodontal infection in augmentation of AMD phenotype, with the aid of a pioneering AMD+PD murine model established in our laboratory.

scholarly journals Iron corrosion by methanogenic archaea characterized by stable isotope effects and crust mineralogy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Tamisier ◽  
Matthias Schmidt ◽  
Carsten Vogt ◽  
Steffen Kümmel ◽  
Hryhoriy Stryhanyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Iron Corrosion

scholarly journals Oral Iron Supplementation—Gastrointestinal Side Effects and the Impact on the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Bloor ◽  
Rudolph Schutte ◽  
Anthony R. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Impact

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a worldwide healthcare problem affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The most common IDA treatment is oral iron supplementation, which has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects such as constipation and bloating. These can result in treatment non-adherence and the persistence of IDA. Intravenous iron does not cause GI side effects, which may be due to the lack of exposure to the intestinal lumen. Luminal iron can cause changes to the gut microbiota, aiding the promotion of pathogenic species and decreasing beneficial protective species. Iron is vital for methanogenic archaea, which rely on iron for growth and metabolism. Increased intestinal methane has been associated with slowing of intestinal transit, constipation, and bloating. Here we explore the literature to understand a potential link between iron and methanogenesis as a novel way to understand the mechanism of oral iron supplementation induced GI side effects.

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