scholarly journals The Natural Forages of Northern Nigeria I. Nitrogen and Mineral composition of Grasses and Browse from the Northern Guinea Savanna and Standing Hays from the different Savanna Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
M. M. Kapu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Browse Species

THE mineral status of nine native grass species and ten browse species from the Northern Guinea Savanna Vegetation was investigated together with the mineral Composition of standing hays from Daura and Kano areas of the Sudan Savanna, Bauchi ranch of the sub-Sudan, Samaru (Shika Kadama) of the Northern Guinea Savanna and Jos area of the Plateau vegetation, in Northern Nigeria. All forage types (grasses, browse and standing hays) which were sampled in April of 1975 were analysed for nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The grass species included: Andropogon gayanus, A. ascinodis, Brachiaria jubata, Cynodon dactylon, Hyparthelia dissoluta, Pancium phragmitoides, Setaria anceps, Sporobolus pyramidalis and Urelytram muricatum, while the browse consisted of Adenodolichos panicu latus, Annogeissus leocarpus, Briddelia ferruginea, Crossopteryx febrifug, Dichrostachys cenerea (glometata), Khaya senegalensis, Mimosa pigra, Parinari curatellifolis, Psorospermum guineense, and Pterocarpus erinaceus. Both grass and browse species were leafy materials from among those Species considered to be highly consumed by cattle. in general, the average values for Na, P, and Zn in the grasses, browse and standing hays were inadequate for the nutritional needs of cattle one standing hays from all locations contained suboptimum amounts of N, Ca, P, K, Mg, Na and The Cu content of all three forage types was adequate for cattle nutrition. The grass and browse species contained adequate amounts of N, K, Mg and Cu. The trace elements and Ca and Mg tended to be more concentrated in the browse species than in the grass species. The opposite was true of K. Grasses, browse and standing hays contained equal amounts of Na. Similarly, the grass and browse species contained identical amounts of P. Supplementation of mineral concentrates to include Na, P, K, Ca and Zn was suggested.

scholarly journals MAIZE–SOYBEAN INTERCROPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF CEREAL–LEGUME CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALPHA Y. KAMARA ◽  
ABDULLAHI I. TOFA ◽  
TEMITOPE ADEMULEGUN ◽  
REUBEN SOLOMON ◽  
HAULATU SHEHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sole Cropping

SUMMARYField studies were conducted during the 2014 and 2015 wet seasons at Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna and at Iburu in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to determine the productivity of maize–soybean intercropping system. There were four treatment combinations in the experiment: sole maize; sole soybean; maize spaced at 50 cm and intercropped with soybean; and maize spaced at 65 cm and intercropped with soybean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that sole cropped maize and soybean generally outperformed the intercropped component crops. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was greater than 1 for all the intercrop treatments, indicating that it is advantageous to grow maize and soybean in association than in pure stands. Except for 2014 in Zaria, LER for intercropped maize spaced at 50 cm was higher than that for maize spaced at 65 cm. Gross Monetary Value (GMV) was generally higher for intercrops than sole crops except in Iburu in 2015 where GMV for intercropped maize spaced at 65 cm was similar to those of sole maize and soybean. Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) was positive for all intercrop treatments in both locations and years, which shows definite yield and economic advantages compared to the sole cropping systems. This suggests that farmers can intercrop soybean and maize with maize spaced at 50 cm and 65 cm.

scholarly journals Variation in Yield and Yield Components of Tropical Forage Grass Species Evaluated in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. O. S. Ojo ◽  
H. Madu ◽  
A. I. Okwori
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Tropical Grass

Seven improved tropical grass species, namely, Andropogon gayanus Kunth., Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chloris gayana Kunth, Panicum maximum var. coloratum C.T, Paspalum orbiculare G. Forstand Sorghum almum Parodi were evaluated for yield and yield components at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria in 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in each of the years. Results showed that the evaluated grass species could be cut at an early age when the leaf: stem ratio is high enough for the ruminants to derive maximum nutritional benefit and need not be delayed till 16 weeks after planting. The highest correlation between plant height and grain yield was observed at 4 weeks (r = 0.69) and 8 weeks (r = 0.70) after planting, implying that the taller the plant species at this stage of growth, the higher the probability for high grain yield. Identification and selection of tropical grass species for improvement in grain production should, therefore, be carried out between 4 and 8 weeks of growth. All the seven tropical forage grass species performed favourably well in terms of growth and yield, with the positive response to increasing rainfall and further studies on multi-location evaluation within the Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecologicalal zone of Nigeria is recommended.

Mixed cropping in Northern Nigeria IV. Extended Trials with Cereals and Groundnuts

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. I. Baker
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Sole Crop

SUMMARYTrials carried out at a range of locations in northern Nigeria showed that gross cash returns from mixtures were never less than those from sole groundnuts, confirming results from the main research station at Samaru. In many cases they were considerably higher and in the Northern Guinea Savanna, where the system is most widely practised, showed a high probability of returns greater than the sole crop median. Increasing attention is being paid to haulm yield and the possibility that sole groundnut may be more profitable near large towns because of haulm value.

Tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae) eradication by aerial (helicopter) spraying of persistent insecticides in Nigeria

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Spielberger ◽  
B. K. Na'isa ◽  
U. Abdurrahim
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Savanna Zone

AbstractThe technique of applying persistent insecticides (largely dieldrin or endosulfan) from the air by helicopter against Glossina spp. in northern Nigeria is described. In the Guinea savanna vegetation zone, a high degree of discrimination was practised. Where the riverine species G. tachinoides Westw. and G. palpalis palpalis (R.-D.) only were present, spraying was confined to the fringing forest vegetation along drainage lines and in flood plains. Where the savanna species G. morsitans submorsitans Newst. was also present, Isoberlinia woodlands were also sprayed in swaths along the outside edges and penetrating swaths at maximum intervals of 200 m; the denser vegetation encircling the many flat-topped hills was also sprayed, as well as the main tracks and cattle routes. The more undifferentiated woodlands in the southern Guinea savanna zone were sprayed as a grid with swaths at intervals of 150 to 200 m. The degree of discrimination varied according to the fly species and density of the vegetation; usually 5 to 16% of the totally infested area was actually sprayed. So far, approximately 10 000 km2 have been reclaimed from tsetse by this technique. The degree of reinvasion encountered per annum was approximately 25% of each project area. All reinfested areas have been successfully resprayed. Costs averaged approximately 18 Naira/ha actually sprayed or 2 Naira/ha of reclaimed area in the northern Guinea savanna zone. In the southern Guinea savanna zone, the reclaimed area averaged 3 Naira/ha. The ultra-low-volume spraying technique was introduced in 1972, and this has gradually replaced the conventional spraying technique using emulsion concentrates and booms and nozzles. The ULVA-Bals single-disc atomisers were modified and improved so that droplet sizes within a range of 70 to 200 μm volume median diameter can be produced as required. Many insecticides have been tested in the laboratory, preliminary tests on permethrin indicate; that it may prove to be a useful alternative to dieldrin and endosulfan.

scholarly journals Multipurpose uses of forage species, estimation of availability and distribution of grass species, and effect of location on the crude fibre and ash contents of common browse species in Nsukka, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
C. C. Onyeonagu ◽  
J. E. Asiegbu ◽  
A. R. Nweke ◽  
C. S. Akagha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Browse Species

A study of multipurpose browse and grass species from four rural communities of Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State was conducted between 2005 and 2006. Structured questionnaires were administered to farmers in the four communities. A total of 38 plant species belonging to 24 plant families were identified as multipurpose browse species. A greater number of the plant species are used for fuel wood (22 species), for fruits and leaves as vegetables (20 species) and for human and veterinary medicine (16 species). Twenty seven species of these browse plants from 2 communities were subjected to nutritional evaluation of their ash and crude fibre contents. The percentage crude fibre content of Icancina trichantha (73. 8%) was highest compared with the other browse species. Browse species from Edemani community gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher crude fibre contents than those from Obukpa community. Elaeis guineensis had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest ash content (23.5%). Plants from Edemani had higher ash content (11.4%) than those from Obukpa community (8.1%). Location and species interaction significantly (P < 0.05) affected the ash contents of the browse plants. A total of 6 plants were identified as multipurpose grass species. A greater number of the grass species are used for soil fertility enrichment (4 species), for lighting (2 species) and as roofing materials (2 species). The most frequently used grass species (with mean usage = 15%) across all sampled communities include: Andropogon gayanus and Anthephora ampulaceae. All the grass species identified are moderately available in the area of study.

scholarly journals Mineral composition of beetroot treated with potential elicitors and inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Elicitor Treatments

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica can infect beetroots, causing extensive damage to this food crop. As chemical and genetic control tactics have shown limited efficacy, new strategies are needed to improve the integrated management of this parasite. This study assessed the influence of potential defence elicitors and M. javanica infection on the mineral composition of beetroot. Plants were treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), citrus biomass, or a mannanoligosaccharide-based product (MOS) and inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, beetroot plants were harvested and evaluated for nematode population density, vegetative growth, and mineral content. Results All potential elicitors reduced nematode population density in beetroots (p ≤ 0.10) and improved the vegetative parameters of inoculated plants (p ≤ 0.05), except shoot fresh weight. Some minerals were found to be negatively affected by treatments, particularly calcium, whose levels were consistently lower in treated plants. On the other hand, M. javanica inoculation increased magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper contents in beetroots. However, the latter mineral (Cu content) of inoculated plants was positively influenced by MOS and ASM. Conclusion Potential elicitor treatments did not improve the mineral composition of beetroot, but were effective in reducing nematode population density. Plants inoculated with M. javanica had higher mineral levels. However, gall formation decreases the commercial value of the crop and might render it unsuitable for commercialisation. M. javanica-infected beetroots may be used for nutrient extraction or sold to food processing industries.

Variation of soil properties under different landscape positions and land use in Hunkuyi, Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatihu Kabir Sadiq ◽  
Lemuel Musa Maniyunda ◽  
Abdulraheem Okehi Anumah ◽  
Kayode Adesina Adegoke
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna

scholarly journals Recovery of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from three grass species contaminated in the autumn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Abdallah da Rocha ◽  
Patrizia Ana Bricarello ◽  
Gilberto Pedroso da Rocha ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Experimental Plots

This experiment aimed to assess the recovery of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana. The experimental module comprised six plots, with two plots per herbage species. Larval survival was assessed from autumn to winter, under the effect of two herbage-paring heights (5 and 30 cm). TThe paring was carried out immediately before contamination with faces containing T. colubriformis eggs. The feces and herbage were collected at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after feces had been deposited in the experimental plots. In general, larvae were recovered from both herbage and feces until the 16th week. The longer persistence of these larvae in the environment was probably due to warmer temperatures. The number of L3 recovered from the pasture was not influenced by the height of plants, except for Brachiaria and Aruana herbage in the fourth week. Regarding the concentrations of larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM), recovery was higher from low pasture in all three herbage species. During the autumn, the development and survival of the T. colubriformis free-living stages were not affected by the different herbage species.

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