scholarly journals IASI spectral radiance validation inter-comparisons: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Larar ◽  
W. L. Smith ◽  
D. K. Zhou ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
H. Revercomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.

scholarly journals IASI spectral radiance performance validation: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10193-10234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Larar ◽  
W. L. Smith ◽  
D. K. Zhou ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
H. Revercomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.

scholarly journals Development of Enhanced Vortex-Scale Atmospheric Motion Vectors for Hurricane Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stettner ◽  
Christopher Velden ◽  
Robert Rabin ◽  
Steve Wanzong ◽  
Jaime Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Motion Vectors ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Convective Scale ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Atmospheric Motion ◽  
Scanning Strategies ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Atmospheric Motion Vectors

Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) derived from geostationary meteorological satellites have long stood as an important observational contributor to analyses of global-scale tropospheric wind patterns. This paradigm is evolving as numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and associated data assimilation systems are at the point of trying to better resolve finer scales. Understanding the physical processes that govern convectively-driven weather systems is usually hindered by a lack of observations on the scales necessary to adequately describe these events. Fortunately, satellite sensors and associated scanning strategies have improved and are now able to resolve convective-scale flow fields. Coupled with the increased availability of computing capacity and more sophisticated algorithms to track cloud motions, we are now poised to investigate the development and application of AMVs to convective-scale weather events. Our study explores this frontier using new-generation GOES-R Series imagery with a focus on hurricane applications. A proposed procedure for processing enhanced AMV datasets derived from multispectral geostationary satellite imagery for hurricane-scale analyses is described. We focus on the use of the recently available GOES-16 mesoscale domain sector rapid-scan (1-min) imagery, and emerging methods to optimally extract wind estimates (atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs)) from close-in-time sequences. It is shown that AMV datasets can be generated on spatiotemporal scales not only useful for global applications, but for mesoscale applications such as hurricanes as well.

scholarly journals Instability indices and forecasting thunderstorms: the case of 30 April 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tajbakhsh ◽  
P. Ghafarian ◽  
F. Sahraian
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Instability Indices

Abstract. In this paper, one meteorological case study for two Iranian airports are presented. Attempts have been made to study the predefined threshold amounts of some instability indices such as vertical velocity and relative humidity. Two important output variables from a numerical weather prediction model have been used to survey thunderstorms. The climatological state of thunder days in Iran has been determined to aid in choosing the airports for the case studies. The synoptic pattern, atmospheric thermodynamics and output from a numerical weather prediction model have been studied to evaluate the occurrence of storms and to verify the threshold instability indices that are based on Gordon and Albert (2000) and Miller (1972). Using data from the Statistics and Data Center of the Iran Meteorological Organization, 195 synoptic stations were used to study the climatological pattern of thunderstorm days in Iran during a 15-yr period (1991–2005). Synoptic weather maps and thermodynamic diagrams have been drawn using data from synoptic stations and radiosonde data. A 15-km resolution version of the WRF numerical model has been implemented for the Middle East region with the assistance of global data from University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). The Tabriz airport weather station has been selected for further study due to its high frequency of thunderstorms (more than 35 thunderstorm days per year) and the existence of an upper air station. Despite the fact that storms occur less often at the Tehran weather station, the station has been chosen as the second case study site due to its large amount of air traffic. Using these two case studies (Tehran at 00:00 UTC, 31 April 2009 and Tabriz at 12:00 UTC, 31 April 2009), the results of this research show that the threshold amounts of 30 °C for KI, −2 °C for LI and −3 °C for SI suggests the occurrence and non-occurrence of thunderstorms at the Tehran and Tabriz stations, respectively. The WRF model output of vertical velocity and relative humidity are the two most important indices for examining storm occurrence, and they have a numerical threshold of 1 m s−1 and 80%, respectively. These results are comparable to other studies that have examined thunderstorm occurrence.

Mean Offshore Refractive Conditions during the CASPER East Field Campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Ulate ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Tracy Haack ◽  
Teddy Holt ◽  
Denny P. Alappattu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Lower Height

AbstractIn this study, we use observational and numerical model data from the Coupled Air Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER) field campaign to describe the mean refractive conditions offshore Duck, North Carolina. The U.S. Navy operational numerical weather prediction model known as the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) performed well forecasting large-scale conditions during the experiment, with an observed warm bias in SST and cold and dry biases in temperature and humidity in the lowest 2000 m. In general, COAMPS underpredicted the number of ducts, and they were weaker and at lower height than those seen in observations. It was found that there is a noticeable diurnal evolution of the ducts, more over land than over the ocean. Ducts were found to be more frequent over land but overall were stronger and deeper over the ocean. Also, the evaporative duct height increases as one moves offshore. A case study was chosen to describe the electromagnetic properties under different synoptic conditions. In this case the continental atmospheric boundary layer dominates and interacts with the marine atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, the latter moves around 80 km offshore and then back inland after 2 h.

Urban Geo-Wiki

2013 ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda See ◽  
Steffen Fritz ◽  
Christoph Perger ◽  
Marijn Van der Velde ◽  
Franziska Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Urban Extent ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Land Cover Maps

Crowdsourcing is one mechanism for undertaking e-participation. This chapter considers the broader issues of crowdsourcing in the context of citizen participation and governance, illustrated with a case study in which citizens are used to validate global maps of urban extent. Urban extent is an important source of information for a range of applications related to urban planning and governance such as hazard management, food security, health and climate change. Although different products are available that map urban areas or human settlements at a global scale, they disagree in terms of both total urban extent and the spatial distribution of urban areas. Samples of the urban extent from three major cities (London, Beijing and São Paulo), in areas where three recent global land cover maps disagree, are validated using data from a crowdsourcing campaign undertaken with the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing tool. The results show that crowdsourcing has the potential to contribute to the validation of existing products of urban extent and could help users of these products to determine which map to use in a given location. More accurate information on urban extent will lead to better urban models and improved decision making, which will ultimately affect the future of a growing urban population. However, issues of sustainability, crowd retention and data quality remain challenging areas that require further research in the field of crowdsourcing.

scholarly journals In-situ measurements of wind and turbulence by a motor glider in the Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Wildmann ◽  
Ramona Eckert ◽  
Andreas Dörnbrack ◽  
Sonja Gisinger ◽  
Markus Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Andes

AbstractA Stemme S10-VT motor glider was equipped with a newly developed sensor suite consisting of a five-hole probe, inertial navigation and global navigation satellite system, two temperature sensors and a humidity sensor. By design, the system provides three-dimensional wind vector data that enable the analysis of atmospheric motion scales up to a temporal resolution of 10 Hz. We give a description of components and installation of the system, its calibration and performance. The accuracy for the measurement of the wind vector is estimated to be of the order of 0.5 ms−1. As part of the SouthTRAC field campaign, 30 research flights were performed from September 2019 to January 2020. We present statistical analysis of the observations, discriminating pure motor flights from soaring flights in the lee waves of the Andes. We present histograms of flight altitude, airspeed, wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity to document the atmospheric conditions. Probability density functions of vertical air velocity, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and dissipation rate complete the statistical analysis. Altogether, 41% of the flights are in weak, 14% in moderate, and 0.4% in strong mountain wave conditions according to thresholds for the measured vertical air velocity. As an exemplary case study, we compare measurements on 11 September 2019 to a high-resolution numerical weather prediction model. The case study provides a meaningful example of how data from soaring flights might be utilized for model validation on the mesoscale and within the troposphere.

A case study of global ULF pulsations using data from space-borne and ground-based magnetometers and a SuperDARN radar

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
A.S. Potapov ◽  
◽  
E. Amata ◽  
T.N. Polyushkina ◽  
I. Coco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Using Data

Improving Runoff Simulations using Satellite-observed Time-series of Snow Covered Area

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Engeset ◽  
H-C. Udnæs ◽  
T. Guneriussen ◽  
H. Koren ◽  
E. Malnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Runoff Forecasting ◽  
Snow Covered Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Major Floods ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Southern Norway

Snowmelt can be a significant contributor to major floods, and hence updated snow information is very important to flood forecasting services. This study assesses whether operational runoff simulations could be improved by applying satellite-derived snow covered area (SCA) from both optical and radar sensors. Currently the HBV model is used for runoff forecasting in Norway, and satellite-observed SCA is used qualitatively but not directly in the model. Three catchments in southern Norway are studied using data from 1995 to 2002. The results show that satellite-observed SCA can be used to detect when the models do not simulate the snow reservoir correctly. Detecting errors early in the snowmelt season will help the forecasting services to update and correct the models before possible damaging floods. The method requires model calibration against SCA as well as runoff. Time-series from the satellite sensors NOAA AVHRR and ERS SAR are used. Of these, AVHRR shows good correlation with the simulated SCA, and SAR less so. Comparison of simultaneous data from AVHRR, SAR and Landsat ETM+ for May 2000 shows good inter-correlation. Of a total satellite-observed area of 1,088 km2, AVHRR observed a SCA of 823 km2 and SAR 720 km2, as compared to 889 km2 using ETM+.

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