scholarly journals Linkage between dust cycle and loess of the Last Glacial Maximum in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 4969-4986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jan Schaffernicht ◽  
Patrick Ludwig ◽  
Yaping Shao
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Mass Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. This article establishes a linkage between the mineral dust cycle and loess deposits during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Europe. To this aim, we simulate the LGM dust cycle at high resolution using a regional climate–dust model. The model-simulated dust deposition rates are found to be comparable with the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits determined from more than 70 sites. In contrast to the present-day prevailing westerlies, winds from northeast, east, and southeast (36 %) and cyclonic regimes (22 %) were found to prevail over central Europe during the LGM. This supports the hypothesis that the recurring east sector winds associated with a high-pressure system over the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) dominated the dust transport from the EIS margins in eastern and central Europe. The highest dust emission rates in Europe occurred in summer and autumn. Almost all dust was emitted from the zone between the Alps, the Black Sea, and the southern EIS margin. Within this zone, the highest emission rates were located near the southernmost EIS margins corresponding to the present-day German–Polish border region. Coherent with the persistent easterlies, westward-running dust plumes resulted in high deposition rates in western Poland, northern Czechia, the Netherlands, the southern North Sea region, and on the North German Plain including adjacent regions in central Germany. The agreement between the climate model simulations and the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits corroborates the proposed LGM dust cycle hypothesis for Europe.

The linkage of dust cycle dynamics and loess during the Last Glacial Maximum in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ludwig ◽  
Erik J. Schaffernicht ◽  
Yaping Shao ◽  
Joaquim G. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Mass Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>In this work, we present different aspects of the mineral dust cycle dynamics and the linkage to loess deposits during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Europe. To this aim, we simulate the LGM dust cycle at high resolution using a regional climate-dust model. The simulated dust deposition rates are found to be comparable with the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits determined from Loess sites across Europe. In contrast to the present-day prevailing westerlies, easterly wind directions (36 %) and cyclonic regimes (22 %) were dominant circulation patterns over central Europe during the LGM. This supports the hypothesis that recurring east sector winds, dynamically linked with a high-pressure system over the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS), are an important component for the dust transport from the EIS margins towards the central Europe loess belt. Our simulations reveal the occurrence of highest dust emission rates in Europe during summer and autumn, with the highest emission rates located near the southernmost EIS margins corresponding to the present-day German-Polish border region. Coherent with the persistent easterlies, westwards running dust plumes resulted in high deposition rates in western Poland, northern Czechia, the Netherlands, the southern North Sea region and on the North German Plain including adjacent regions in central Germany. Further, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of LGM cyclones shows that they were associated with higher wind speeds and less precipitation than their present-day counterparts. These findings highlight the importance of rapid and cyclic depositions by cyclones for the LGM dust cycle. The agreement between the simulated deposition rates and the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits corroborates the proposed LGM dust cycle hypothesis for Europe.</p>

scholarly journals Linkage between Dust Cycle and Loess of the Last Glacial Maximum in Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jan Schaffernicht ◽  
Patrick Ludwig ◽  
Yaping Shao
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Mass Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. This article establishes a linkage between the mineral dust cycle and loess deposits during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Europe. To this aim, we simulate the LGM dust cycle at high resolution using a regional climate-dust model. The model-simulated dust deposition rates are found to be comparable with the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits determined from more than 70 sites. In contrast to the present-day prevailing westerlies, winds from northeast, east and southeast (36 %) and cyclonic regimes (22 %) were found to prevail over central Europe during the LGM. This supports the hypothesis that the recurring east sector winds associated with a high-pressure system over the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) dominated the dust transport from the EIS margins in eastern and central Europe. The highest dust emission rates in Europe occurred in summer and autumn. Almost all dust was emitted from the zone between the Alps, the Black Sea and the southern EIS margin. Within this zone, the highest emission rates were located near the southernmost EIS margins corresponding to the present-day German-Polish border region. Coherent with the persistent easterlies, westwards running dust plumes resulted in high deposition rates in western Poland, northern Czechia, the Netherlands, the southern North Sea region and on the North German Plain including adjacent regions in central Germany. The agreement between the climate model simulations and the mass accumulation rates of the loess deposits corroborates the proposed LGM dust cycle hypothesis for Europe.

Topographic and climatic influences on accelerated loess accumulation since the last glacial maximum in the Palouse, Pacific Northwest, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Sweeney ◽  
Alan J. Busacca ◽  
David R. Gaylord
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Outburst Flood ◽  
Columbia Plateau ◽  
Eolian Sand ◽  
Downwind Side ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Mass Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
The Last Glacial

Topographic and climatic influences have controlled thick loess accumulation at the southern margin of the Palouse loess in northern Oregon. Juniper and Cold Springs Canyons, located on the upwind flank of the Horse Heaven Hills, are oriented perpendicular to prevailing southwesterly winds. These canyons are topographic traps that separate eolian sand on the upwind side from thick accumulations (nearly 8 m) of latest Pleistocene to Holocene L1 loess on the downwind side. Silt- and sand-rich glacial outburst flood sediment in the Umatilla Basin is the source of eolian sand and loess for the region. Sediment from this basin also contributes to loess accumulations across much of the Columbia Plateau to the northeast. Downwind of Cold Springs Canyon, Mt. St. Helens set S and Glacier Peak tephras bracket 4 m of loess, demonstrating that approximately 2500 g m−2 yr−1 of loess accumulated between about 15,400–13,100 cal yr B.P. Mass accumulation rates decreased to approximately 250 g m−2 yr−1 from 13,100 cal yr B.P. to the present. Tephrochronology suggests that the bulk of near-source Palouse loess accumulated in one punctuated interval in the latest Pleistocene characterized by a dry and windy climate.

Northern Central Europe: glacial landforms prior to the Last Glacial Maximum

2022 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Leszek Marks ◽  
Albertas Bitinas ◽  
Mirosław Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Andreas Börner ◽  
Rimante Guobyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Phosphorus burial in the ocean over glacial-interglacial time scales

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tamburini ◽  
K. B. Föllmi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mass Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. The role of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), and their impact on primary productivity and the fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial periods are intensely debated. Suggestions as to the importance of P evolved from an earlier proposal that P actively participated in changing productivity rates and therefore climate change, to most recent ones that changes in the glacial ocean inventory of phosphorus were important but not influential if compared to other macronutrients, such as nitrate. Using new data coming from a selection of ODP sites, we analyzed the distribution of oceanic P sedimentary phases and calculate reactive P burial fluxes, and we show how P burial fluxes changed over the last glacial-interglacial period at these sites. Concentrations of reactive P are generally lower during glacial times, while mass accumulation rates (MAR) of reactive P show higher variability. If we extrapolate for the analyzed sites, we may assume that in general glacial burial fluxes of reactive P are lower than those during interglacial periods by about 8%, because the lack of burial of reactive P on the glacial shelf reduced in size, was apparently not compensated by burial in other regions of the ocean. Using the calculated changes in P burial, we evaluate their possible impact on the phosphate inventory in the world oceans. Using a simple mathematical approach, we find that these changes alone could have increased the phosphate inventory of glacial ocean waters by 17–40% compared to interglacial stages. Variations in the distribution of sedimentary P phases at the investigated sites seem to indicate that at the onset of interglacial stages, shallower sites experienced an increase in reactive P concentrations, which seems to point to P-richer waters at glacial terminations. All these findings would support the Shelf-Nutrient Hypothesis, which assumes that during glacial low stands nutrients are transferred from shallow sites to deep sea with possible feedback on the carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Last Glacial Maximum landscape and Epigravettian horse hunting strategy in Central Europe: The case of Stránská skála IV

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Soňa Boriová ◽  
György Lengyel ◽  
Petr Pokorný ◽  
Antonín Přichystal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
Preferential Location ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Hunting Strategy ◽  
The Last Glacial

With the end of MIS3, the unity of larger Gravettian settlements based predominantly on mammoth exploitation split into a mosaic of smaller Epigravettian sites with specific behaviors and economies. Based on C14 chronology, the site of Stránská skála IV (together with Grubgraben, Ságvár and Kašov), correlates with a brief warm period after the Last Glacial Maximum around 22 ka calBP. We detected two main accumulations of predominantly horse bones under a rock cliff suggesting that the site was not a regular settlement but rather a specialised hunting site. No features or hearths were recovered. Lithic raw materials were imported from long distances, and the horse hunting strategy profitted from the specific geographic qualitites of the site. Preferential location of Epigravettian sites in secluded valleys is a pattern generally recognized in Moravia and usually explained as a response to the harsh MIS2 climates.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) in mountain regions of Central Europe inferred from cpDNA variation and ecological niche modelling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Wasowicz ◽  
Maxime Pauwels ◽  
Andrzej Pasierbinski ◽  
Ewa M Przedpelska-Wasowicz ◽  
Alicja A. Babst-Kostecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Niche Modelling ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The present study aimed to investigate phylogeographical patterns present within A. halleri in Central Europe, to propose hypotheses explaining the emergence of these patterns and to formulate hypotheses on the formation of the present day range of A. halleri in the region. 1281 accessions sampled from 52 populations within the investigated area were used in the study of genetic variation based on chloroplast DNA. Over 500 high quality species occurrence records were used in ecological niche modelling experiments. We evidenced the presence of a clear phylogeographic structure within A. halleri in Central Europe. Our results suggest that the species might have not survived the last glacial maximum in the Carpathians and Sudetes and that its range during the last glacial maximum might have consisted of at least two major parts: (1) a northern refugium consisting of vast refugial areas north and northeast of the Alps and (2) a southern refugium located in the Dinaric Alps and Balkan Mts. We postulate that the Sudetes and Western Carpathians were colonised mainly by plants originating from the northern refugium, whereas populations from the Eastern Carpathians originate from southern refugium. We also discuss our results in relation to the problematic taxonomy of the species.

Northern Central Europe: glacial landforms from the Last Glacial Maximum

2022 ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Leszek Marks ◽  
Albertas Bitinas ◽  
Mirosław Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Andreas Börner ◽  
Rimante Guobyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Glacial Landforms ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial
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