scholarly journals A mass balance-based emission inventory of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) for solvent use in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Mo ◽  
Ru Cui ◽  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Huihua Cai ◽  
Brian C. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Solvent Use

Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are important precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which play key roles in tropospheric chemistry. A huge amount of NMVOCs emissions from solvent use are complicated by a wide spectrum of sources and species. This work presents a long-term NMVOCs emission inventory of solvent use during 2000–2017 in China. Based on a mass (material) balance method, NMVOCs emissions were estimated for six categories, including coatings, adhesives, inks, pesticides, cleaners and personal care products. The results show that NMVOC emissions from solvent use in China increased rapidly from 2000 to 2014 then kept stable after 2014. The total emission increased from 1.6 Tg (1.2–2.2 Tg at 95 % confidence interval) in 2000 to 10.6 Tg (7.7–14.9 Tg) in 2017. The substantial growth is driven by the large demand of solvent products in both industrial and residential activities. However, increasing treatment facilities on the solvent-related factories in China restrained the continued growth of solvent NMVOCs emissions in recent years. Rapidly developing and heavily industrialized provinces such as Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong contributed significantly to the solvent use emissions. Oxygenated VOCs, alkanes and aromatics were main components, accounting for 42 %, 28 % and 21 % of total NMVOCs emissions in 2017, respectively. Our results and previous inventories are generally comparable within the estimation uncertainties (−27 %–52 %). However, there exist significant differences in the estimates of sub-categories. Personal care products were a significant and quickly rising source of NMVOCs, which were probably underestimated in previous inventories. Emissions from solvent use were growing faster compared with transportation and combustion emissions which were relatively better controlled in China. Environmentally friendly products can reduce the NMVOCs emissions from solvent use. Supposing all solvent-based products were substituted by water-based products, it would result in 37 %, 41 % and 38 % reduction of emissions, OFP and SOAP, respectively. These results indicate there is still large room for NMVOCs reduction by reducing the utilization of solvent product and end-of-pipe control across industrial sectors.

scholarly journals A mass-balance-based emission inventory of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) for solvent use in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 13655-13666
Author(s):  
Ziwei Mo ◽  
Ru Cui ◽  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Huihua Cai ◽  
Brian C. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Solvent Use

Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are important precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which play key roles in tropospheric chemistry. A huge amount of NMVOC emissions from solvent use are complicated by a wide spectrum of sources and species. This work presents a long-term NMVOC emission inventory of solvent use during 2000–2017 in China. Based on a mass (material) balance method, NMVOC emissions were estimated for six categories, including coatings, adhesives, inks, pesticides, cleaners, and personal care products. The results show that NMVOC emissions from solvent use in China increased rapidly from 2000 to 2014 then kept stable after 2014. The total emission increased from 1.6 Tg (1.2–2.2 Tg at 95 % confidence interval) in 2000 to 10.6 Tg (7.7–14.9 Tg) in 2017. The substantial growth is driven by the large demand for solvent products in both industrial and residential activities. However, increasing treatment facilities in the solvent-related factories in China restrained the continued growth of solvent NMVOC emissions in recent years. Rapidly developing and heavily industrialized provinces such as Jiangsu, Shandong, and Guangdong contributed significantly to the solvent use emissions. Oxygenated VOCs, alkanes, and aromatics were the main components, accounting for 42 %, 28 %, and 21 % of total NMVOC emissions in 2017, respectively. Our results and previous inventories are generally comparable within the estimation uncertainties (−27 %–52 %). However, there exist significant differences in the estimates of sub-categories. Personal care products were a significant and quickly rising source of NMVOCs, which were probably underestimated in previous inventories. Emissions from solvent use were growing faster compared with transportation and combustion emissions, which were relatively better controlled in China. Environmentally friendly products can reduce the NMVOC emissions from solvent use. Supposing all solvent-based products were substituted with water-based products, it would result in 37 %, 41 %, and 38 % reduction of emissions, ozone formation potential (OFP), and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP), respectively. These results indicate there is still large potential for NMVOC reduction by reducing the utilization of solvent-based products and implementation of end-of-pipe controls across industrial sectors.

Volatile organic compounds sources in Paris in spring 2007. Part II: source apportionment using positive matrix factorisation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Gaimoz ◽  
Stéphane Sauvage ◽  
Valérie Gros ◽  
Frank Herrmann ◽  
Jonathan Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Fuel Evaporation ◽  
Matrix Factorisation

Environmental context Volatile organic compounds are key compounds in atmospheric chemistry as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. To determine their impact at a megacity scale, a first important step is to characterise their sources. We present an estimate of volatile organic compound sources in Paris based on a combination of measurements and model results. The data suggest that the current emission inventory strongly overestimates the volatile organic compounds emitted from solvent industries, and thus needs to be corrected. Abstract A positive matrix factorisation model has been used for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) source contributions in Paris during an intensive campaign (May–June 2007). The major sources were traffic-related emissions (vehicle exhaust, 22% of the total mixing ratio of the measured VOCs, and fuel evaporation, 17%), with the remaining emissions from remote industrial sources (35%), natural gas and background (13%), local sources (7%), biogenic and fuel evaporation (5%) and wood-burning (2%). It was noted that the remote industrial contribution was highly dependent on the air-mass origin. During the period of oceanic influences (when only local and regional pollution was observed), this source made a relatively low contribution (<15%), whereas the source contribution linked to traffic was high (54%). During the period of continental influences (when additional continental pollution was observed), remote industrial sources played a dominant role, contributing up to 50% of measured VOCs. Finally, the positive matrix factorisation results obtained during the oceanic air mass-influenced period were compared with the local emission inventory. This comparison suggests that the VOC emission from solvent industries might be overestimated in the inventory, consistent with findings in other European cities.

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude oil processing – Global emission inventory and environmental release

2020 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 138654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Rajabi ◽  
Mojgan Hadi Mosleh ◽  
Parthasarathi Mandal ◽  
Amanda Lea-Langton ◽  
Majid Sedighi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

Interactions and implications of halogens and VOCs on tropospheric oxidant cycles in the remote atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Apel
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Remote Troposphere

&lt;p&gt;Reactive halogens have wide-ranging consequences on tropospheric chemistry including ozone destruction, HOx and NOx partitioning, oxidization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and initiation of new particle formation. Of particular note and importance, the tropospheric Ox loss due to halogens is estimated to be between 10-20% globally, and up to 50% in some local marine environments. In this work, we include a state-of-the-art coupled halogen and VOCs chemical mechanism into the CAM-Chem global model. Complementing the model development and providing the opportunity to test the model are recent results from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) experiment. &amp;#160;ATom was conducted with a heavily instrumented NASA DC-8 aircraft over the course of two and a half years, transecting the lengths of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans during four seasons, constantly profiling from the surface (200 m) to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (12000 m). The ATom payload included instruments that measured both inorganic halogens and organic halogen-containing very short-lived substances (VSLS), as well as those that measured additional volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), both of which react with halogens. Modeled BrO is sensitive to the inclusion of reactions between Br and OVOCs, particularly the aldehydes, which rapidly convert Br to HBr, a far less reactive form of Br&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;. These reactions can have large implications in the remote troposphere where the ATom measurements have revealed significant emissions and chemical production of low molecular weight aldehydes over the remote marine environment. A version of CAM-chem, updated to include aldehyde emissions from the ocean to close the gap between models and measurements, is used in these analyses. Comparisons between measured and modeled halogen containing species, both organic and inorganic, is presented along with a summary of the implications of our findings on the overall budgets of tropospheric halogens and ozone.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Improved provincial emission inventory and speciation profiles of anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds: a case study for Jiangsu, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 7733-7756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Pan Mao ◽  
Yaduan Zhou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Source Profiles ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are the key precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Accurate estimation of their emissions plays a crucial role in air quality simulation and policy making. We developed a high-resolution anthropogenic NMVOC emission inventory for Jiangsu in eastern China from 2005 to 2014, based on detailed information of individual local sources and field measurements of source profiles of the chemical industry. A total of 56 NMVOCs samples were collected in nine chemical plants and were then analyzed with a gas chromatography – mass spectrometry system (GC-MS). Source profiles of stack emissions from synthetic rubber, acetate fiber, polyether, vinyl acetate and ethylene production, and those of fugitive emissions from ethylene, butanol and octanol, propylene epoxide, polyethylene and glycol production were obtained. Various manufacturing technologies and raw materials led to discrepancies in source profiles between our domestic field tests and foreign results for synthetic rubber and ethylene production. The provincial NMVOC emissions were calculated to increase from 1774 Gg in 2005 to 2507 Gg in 2014, and relatively large emission densities were found in cities along the Yangtze River with developed economies and industries. The estimates were larger than those from most other available inventories, due mainly to the complete inclusion of emission sources and to the elevated activity levels from plant-by-plant investigation in this work. Industrial processes and solvent use were the largest contributing sectors, and their emissions were estimated to increase, respectively, from 461 to 958 and from 38 to 966 Gg. Alkanes, aromatics and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the most important species, accounting for 25.9–29.9, 20.8–23.2 and 18.2–21.0 % to annual total emissions, respectively. Quantified with a Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainties of annual NMVOC emissions vary slightly through the years, and the result for 2014 was −41 to +93 %, expressed as 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Reduced uncertainty was achieved compared to previous national and regional inventories, attributed partly to the detailed classification of emission sources and to the use of information at plant level in this work. Discrepancies in emission estimation were explored for the chemical and refinery sectors with various data sources and methods. Compared with the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the spatial distribution of emissions in this work were more influenced by the locations of large point sources, and smaller emissions were found in urban area for developed cities in southern Jiangsu. In addition, discrepancies were found between this work and MEIC in the speciation of NMVOC emissions under the atmospheric chemistry mechanisms CB05 and SAPRC99. The difference in species OLE1 resulted mainly from the updated source profile of building paint use and the differences in other species from the varied sector contributions to emissions in the two inventories. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulation was applied to evaluate the two inventories, and better performance (indicated by daily 1 h maximum O3 concentrations in Nanjing) were found for January, April and October 2012 when the provincial inventory was used.

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