scholarly journals Aerosol-induced high precipitation events near the Himalayan foothills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Choudhury ◽  
Bhishma Tyagi ◽  
Naresh Krishna Vissa ◽  
Jyotsna Singh ◽  
Chandan Sarangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and in turn amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plains, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportunity for studying how aerosol effects in connection with orographic forcing affect extreme rainfall events. This study uses 17-years (2001–2017) of observed rain rate, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological re-analysis fields, and outgoing longwave radiation to investigate high precipitation events at the foothills of the Himalayas. Composite analysis of all these collocated datasets for high precipitation events (daily rainfall > 95 percentile) is done to understand the inherent dynamics and linkages between AOD and extreme events. Clear and robust associations are found between high precipitation events, high aerosol loading and high moist static energy values. This finding highlights the crucial role of the aerosol direct radiative effect on high precipitation events over the Himalayan region.

scholarly journals Aerosol-enhanced high precipitation events near the Himalayan foothills

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 15389-15399
Author(s):  
Goutam Choudhury ◽  
Bhishma Tyagi ◽  
Naresh Krishna Vissa ◽  
Jyotsna Singh ◽  
Chandan Sarangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Moist Static Energy ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
Static Energy ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and, in turn, amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of the Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportunity for studying how aerosol effects, in connection with orographic forcing, affect extreme rainfall events. This study uses 17 years (2001–2017) of observed rain rate, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological reanalysis fields and outgoing long-wave radiation to investigate high precipitation events on the foothills of the Himalayas. Composite analysis of all these co-located data sets for high precipitation events (daily rainfall > 95th percentile) is done to understand the inherent dynamics and linkages between the AOD and extreme events. Clear and robust associations are found between high precipitation events, high aerosol loading and high moist static energy values. Results show an average increase in AOD by 36 %, along with an average increase in low-level moist static energy (1000–850 hPa) by ≈ 1500 J kg−1 inside the selected domain for high precipitation events. The finding highlights the crucial role of the aerosol direct radiative effect on high precipitation events over the Himalayan region.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Aerosol-induced high precipitation events near the Himalayan foothills"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Choudhury ◽  
Bhishma Tyagi ◽  
Naresh Krishna Vissa ◽  
Jyotsna Singh ◽  
Chandan Sarangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

The Influence of Geographical Factors on Extreme Rainfalls in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Geographical Factors

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.

scholarly journals The influence of plant mulches on the content of phenolic compounds in soil and primary weed infestation of maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Tomasz Hura ◽  
Ewa Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz ◽  
Teresa Dąbkowska ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

In growing maize, an increase in the content of phenolic compounds and selected phenolic acids in soil was found after the incorporation of white mustard, buckwheat, spring barley, oats and rye mulches into the soil. The highest content of phenolic compounds in soil was found after oats mulch incorporation (20% more than in the control soil). The highest content of selected phenolic acids was found for the soil with the oats and rye mulch. Among the phenolic acids investigated, ferulic acid was most commonly found in the soil with the plant mulches. However, two phenolic acids: the protocatechuic and chlorogenic acid, were not detected in any soil samples (neither in the control soil nor in the mulched soil). At the same time, a decrease in the primary weed infestation level in maize was found in the plots with all the applied plant mulches, especially on the plots with oats, barley and mustard. The plant mulches were more inhibitory against monocotyledonous weeds than dicotyledonous ones. During high precipitation events and wet weather, a rapid decrease in the content of phenolic compounds in soil and an increase in the primary weed infestation level in maize were observed.

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of Short-Duration Extreme Rainfall Events in Megacities in China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhuang ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Zhengzheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Design Storm

Given the fact that researchers require more specific spatial rainfall information for storm flood calculation, hydrological risk assessment, and water budget estimates, there is a growing need to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall accurately. This paper provides insight into rainfall spatial heterogeneity in urban areas based on statistical analysis methods. An ensemble of short-duration (3-h) extreme rainfall events for four megacities in China are extracted from a high-resolution gridded rainfall dataset (resolution of 30 min in time, 0.1° × 0.1° in space). Under the heterogeneity framework using Moran’s I, LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association), and semi-variance, the multi-scale spatial variability of extreme rainfall is identified and assessed in Shanghai (SH), Beijing (BJ), Guangzhou (GZ), and Shenzhen (SZ). The results show that there is a pronounced spatial heterogeneity of short-duration extreme rainfall in the four cities. Heterogeneous characteristics of rainfall within location, range, and directions are closely linked to the different urban growth in four cities. The results also suggest that the spatial distribution of rainfall cannot be neglected in the design storm in urban areas. This paper constitutes a useful contribution to quantifying the degree of spatial heterogeneity and supports an improved understanding of rainfall/flood frequency analysis in megacities.

Late Holocene high precipitation events recorded in lake sediments and catchment geomorphology, Lake Vuoksjávrátje, NW Sweden

Boreas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Berntsson ◽  
Krister N. Jansson ◽  
Malin E. Kylander ◽  
Francois De Vleeschouwer ◽  
Sebastien Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

scholarly journals TRMM rainfall estimative coupled with Bell (1969) methodology for extreme rainfall characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schiavo Bernardi ◽  
D. Allasia ◽  
R. Basso ◽  
P. Freitas Ferreira ◽  
R. Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Equation Error ◽  
Convective Cells

Abstract. The lack of rainfall data in Brazil, and, in particular, in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), hinders the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, especially in the case of the more complex extreme events. In this context, rainfall's estimation from remote sensors is seen as alternative to the scarcity of rainfall gauges. However, as they are indirect measures, such estimates needs validation. This paper aims to verify the applicability of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite information for extreme rainfall determination in RS. The analysis was accomplished at different temporal scales that ranged from 5 min to daily rainfall while spatial distribution of rainfall was investigated by means of regionalization. An initial test verified TRMM rainfall estimative against measured rainfall at gauges for 1998–2013 period considering different durations and return periods (RP). Results indicated that, for the RP of 2, 5, 10 and 15 years, TRMM overestimated on average 24.7% daily rainfall. As TRMM minimum time-steps is 3 h, in order to verify shorter duration rainfall, the TRMM data were adapted to fit Bell's (1969) generalized IDF formula (based on the existence of similarity between the mechanisms of extreme rainfall events as they are associated to convective cells). Bell`s equation error against measured precipitation was around 5–10%, which varied based on location, RP and duration while the coupled BELL+TRMM error was around 10–35%. However, errors were regionally distributed, allowing a correction to be implemented that reduced by half these values. These findings in turn permitted the use of TRMM+Bell estimates to improve the understanding of spatiotemporal distribution of extreme hydrological rainfall events.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document