scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of Short-Duration Extreme Rainfall Events in Megacities in China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhuang ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Zhengzheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Design Storm

Given the fact that researchers require more specific spatial rainfall information for storm flood calculation, hydrological risk assessment, and water budget estimates, there is a growing need to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall accurately. This paper provides insight into rainfall spatial heterogeneity in urban areas based on statistical analysis methods. An ensemble of short-duration (3-h) extreme rainfall events for four megacities in China are extracted from a high-resolution gridded rainfall dataset (resolution of 30 min in time, 0.1° × 0.1° in space). Under the heterogeneity framework using Moran’s I, LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association), and semi-variance, the multi-scale spatial variability of extreme rainfall is identified and assessed in Shanghai (SH), Beijing (BJ), Guangzhou (GZ), and Shenzhen (SZ). The results show that there is a pronounced spatial heterogeneity of short-duration extreme rainfall in the four cities. Heterogeneous characteristics of rainfall within location, range, and directions are closely linked to the different urban growth in four cities. The results also suggest that the spatial distribution of rainfall cannot be neglected in the design storm in urban areas. This paper constitutes a useful contribution to quantifying the degree of spatial heterogeneity and supports an improved understanding of rainfall/flood frequency analysis in megacities.

Analysing changes in short-duration extreme rainfall events

2016 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff J. C. Darch ◽  
Robert T. McSweeney ◽  
Christopher G. Kilsby ◽  
Phillip D. Jones ◽  
Timothy J. Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events

scholarly journals Documentary evidence of historical floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden 1400–1800

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 10085-10116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Retsö
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Instrumental Period

Abstract. This article explores documentary evidence of floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800). The survey shows that two subperiods can be considered as flood-rich, 1590–1670 and the early 18th century. The result is related to a low degree of human impact on hydrology during the period, and suggest that climatic factors, such as lower temperatures and increased precipitation connected to the so called Little Ice Age, should be considered as the main driver behind flood frequency and magnitude.

scholarly journals Modeling of short duration extreme rainfall events over Lower Yamuna Catchment

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400
Author(s):  
MEHFOOZ ALI ◽  
SURINDER KAUR ◽  
S.B. TYAGI ◽  
U.P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Made In

Short duration rainfall estimates and their intensities for different return periods are required for many purposes such as for designing flood for hydraulic structures, urban flooding etc. An attempt has been made in this paper to Model extreme rainfall events of Short Duration over Lower Yamuna Catchment. Annual extreme rainfall series and their intensities were analysed using EVI distribution for rainstorms of short duration of 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 & 60 minutes and various return periods have been computed. The Self recording rainguage (SRRGs) data for the period 1988-2009 over the Lower Yamuna Catchment (LYC) have been used in this study. It has been found that EVI distribution fits well, tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test at 5 % level of significance for each of the station.

scholarly journals Modified hydrologic regime of upper Ganga basin induced by natural and anthropogenic stressors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somil Swarnkar ◽  
Pradeep Mujumdar ◽  
Rajiv Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Frequency Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Flooding Events

AbstractClimate change and anthropogenic activities pose serious threats to river basin hydrology worldwide. The Ganga basin is home to around half a billion people and has been significantly impacted by hydrological alterations in the last few decades. The increasing high-intensity rainfall events often create flash flooding events. Such events are frequently reported in mountainous and alluvial plains of the Ganga basin, putting the entire basin under severe flood risk. Further, increasing human interventions through hydraulic structures in the upstream reaches significantly alter the flows during the pre-and post-monsoon periods. Here, we explore the hydrological implications of increasing reservoir-induced and climate-related stressors in the Upper Ganga Basin (UGB), India. Flow/sediment duration curves and flood frequency analysis have been used to assess pre-and post-1995 hydrological behaviour. Our results indicate that low and moderate flows have been significantly altered, and the flood peaks have been attenuated by the operation of hydraulic structures in the Bhagirathi (western subbasin). The Alaknanda (eastern subbasin) has experienced an increase in extreme rainfall and flows post-1995. The downstream reaches experience reservoir-induced moderate flow alterations during pre-and post-monsoon and increasing extreme flood magnitudes during monsoon. Furthermore, substantial siltation upstream of the reservoirs has disrupted the upstream–downstream geomorphologic linkages.

scholarly journals Depth area duration analysis of short duration rainfalls

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
U. C. KOTHYARI ◽  
S. K. GARG
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Enormous Amount

Depth Area Duration (DAD) analysis for the extreme rainfall events forms an important step in the hydrological design for the water resources structures. Review of literature reveals that enormous amount of work has been done concerning the DAD analysis for large duration (i.e. one day or more) storms. However, no work is reported so far on this aspect for storms having shorter duration. i.e. less than one day: Hourly rainfall data for 36 rainfall stations have been analysed  to develop simple DAD-relationship. This analysis pertains to the catchments of the rivers, namely Ramganga, Gomati, Yamuna  and Ghaghara.    

scholarly journals Identifying the origins of extreme rainfall using storm track classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-309
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Barnes ◽  
Marcus Suassuna Santos ◽  
Carlos Garijo ◽  
Luis Mediero ◽  
Ilaria Prosdocimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Track ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Frequency Distributions

Abstract Identifying patterns in data relating to extreme rainfall is important for classifying and estimating rainfall and flood frequency distributions routinely used in civil engineering design and flood management. This study demonstrates the novel use of several self-organising map (SOM) models to extract the key moisture pathways for extreme rainfall events applied to example data in northern Spain. These models are trained using various subsets of a backwards trajectory data set generated for extreme rainfall events between 1967 and 2016. The results of our analysis show 69.2% of summer rainfall extremes rely on recirculatory moisture pathways concentrated on the Iberian Peninsula, whereas 57% of winter extremes rely on deep-Atlantic pathways to bring moisture from the ocean. These moisture pathways have also shown differences in rainfall magnitude, such as in the summer where peninsular pathways are 8% more likely to deliver the higher magnitude extremes than their Atlantic counterparts.

scholarly journals Documentary evidence of historical floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden 1400–1800

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Retsö
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Abstract. This article explores documentary evidence of floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800). The survey shows that two sub-periods can be considered as flood-rich, 1590–1670 and the early 18th century. The result related to a low degree of human impact on hydrology during the period, suggests that climatic factors, such as lower temperatures and increased precipitation connected to the so-called Little Ice Age rather than large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, should be considered as the main driver behind flood frequency and magnitude.

scholarly journals A Framework for Planning and Evaluating the Role of Urban Stream Restoration for Improving Transportation Resilience to Extreme Rainfall Events

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Doll ◽  
J. Jack Kurki-Fox ◽  
Daniel E. Line
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Combination Approach

Recent extreme rainfall events produced severe flooding across North Carolina’s Coastal Plain, revealing deep vulnerabilities in many communities. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these problems by further increasing rainfall intensity and the frequency of extreme rainfall events. Due to the risks posed by these changing rainfall patterns, a shift in the approach to infrastructure planning and management is needed for many floodprone communities, particularly in regard to managing streams and floodplains in urban areas. This study proposes a framework for systematically evaluating stream restoration in combination with engineered improvements to culvert and bridge crossings to identify and optimize options for mitigating extreme events in urban areas. To illustrate the methodology, extensive hydraulic modeling was conducted to test four different strategies for reducing flooding along a channelized and armored stream, Big Ditch, located in Goldsboro, North Carolina, USA. The results indicate that neither floodplain restoration nor infrastructure modification alone could alleviate flooding along Big Ditch. Rather, a combination approach would be required to mitigate flooding, which could result in substantial benefits for storms in excess of the 100-year event. The results suggest that shifting to a multi-faceted approach to improve resiliency to extreme events could improve public safety and reduce future damages due to flooding.

The Influence of Geographical Factors on Extreme Rainfalls in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
M Welly
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Ungauged Basin ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Geographical Factors

Many people in Indonesia calculate design rainfall before calculating the design flooddischarge. The design rainfall with a certain return period will eventually be convertedinto a design flood discharge by combining it with the characteristics of the watershed.However, the lack of a network of rainfall recording stations makes many areas that arenot hydrologically measured (ungauged basin), so it is quite difficult to know thecharacteristics of rain in the area concerned. This study aims to analyze thecharacteristics of design rainfall in Lampung Province. The focus of the analysis is toinvestigate whether geographical factors influence the design rainfall that occurs in theparticular area. The data used in this study is daily rainfall data from 15 rainfallrecording stations spread in Lampung Province. The method of frequency analysis usedin this study is the Gumbel method. The research shows that the geographical location ofan area does not have significant effect on extreme rainfall events. The effect of risingearth temperatures due to natural exploitation by humans tends to be stronger as a causeof extreme events such as extreme rainfall.Keywords: Influence, geographical, factors, extreme, rainfall.

CLIMATOLOGY OF EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS IN EASTERN AND NORTHERN SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL: PRESENT AND FUTURE CLIMATE

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Becker Nunes ◽  
Gilson Carlos Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Santa Catarina State

ABSTRACT. The eastern region of Santa Catarina State (Brazil) has an important history of natural disasters due to extreme rainfall events. Floods and landslides are enhancedby local features such as orography and urbanization: the replacement of natural surface coverage causing more surface runoff and, hence, flooding. Thus, studies of this type of events – which directly influence life in the towns – take on increasing importance. This work makes a quantitative analysis of occurrences of extreme rainfall events in the eastern and northern regions of Santa Catarina State in the last 60 years, through individual analysis, considering the history of floods ineach selected town, as well as an estimate through to the end of century following regional climate modeling. A positive linear trend, in most of the towns studied, was observed in the results, indicating greater frequency of these events in recent decades, and the HadRM3P climate model shows a heterogeneous increase of events for all towns in the period from 2071 to 2100.Keywords: floods, climate modeling, linear trend. RESUMO. A região leste do Estado de Santa Catarina tem um importante histórico de desastres naturais ocasionados por eventos extremos de precipitação. Inundações e deslizamentos de terra são potencializados pelo relevo acidentado e pela urbanização das cidades da região: a vegetação nativa vem sendo removida acarretando um maior escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, em inundações. Desta forma, torna-se de suma importância os estudos acerca deste tipo de evento que influencia diretamente a sociedade em geral. Neste trabalho é realizada uma análise quantitativa do número de eventos severos de precipitação ocorridos nas regiões leste e norte de Santa Catarina dos últimos 60 anos, por meio de uma análise pontual, considerandoo histórico de inundações de cada cidade selecionada, além de uma projeção para o fim do século de acordo com modelagem climática regional. Na análise dos resultados observou-se uma tendência linear positiva na maioria das cidades, indicando uma maior frequência deste tipo de evento nas últimas décadas, e o modelo climático HadRM3P mostra um aumento heterogêneo no número de eventos para todas as cidades no período de 2071 a 2100.Palavras-chave: inundações, modelagem climática, tendência linear.

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