scholarly journals Californian wildfire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: <i>lidar</i>, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 21047-21075 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McKendry ◽  
K. Strawbridge ◽  
M. L. Karumudi ◽  
N. O'Neill ◽  
A. M. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Observatory Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
June July

Abstract. Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5–6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of reff,f during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 μm and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O3 concentrations as well as elevated K+/SO4 ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physico-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments.

scholarly journals Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McKendry ◽  
K. Strawbridge ◽  
M. L. Karumudi ◽  
N. O'Neill ◽  
A. M. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Fire Plumes ◽  
Observatory Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
June July

Abstract. Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5–6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of reff, f during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 μm and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O3 concentrations as well as elevated K+/SO4 ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physic-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments.

scholarly journals A subsiding regional forest fire aerosol layer at Whistler, BC: implications for interpretation of mountaintop chemistry observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 20303-20327
Author(s):  
I. G. Mc Kendry ◽  
J. Gallagher ◽  
P. Campuzano Jost ◽  
A. Bertram ◽  
K. Strawbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Fire Plumes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract. On 30 August 2009, intense forest fires in interior BC, together with synoptic scale meteorological subsidence and easterly winds resulted in transport of a broad forest fire plume across southwestern BC. The physico-chemical and optical characteristics of the plume as observed from Saturna island (AERONET), CORALNet-UBC and the Whistler Mountain air chemistry facility were consistent with forest fire plumes that have been observed elsewhere in continental North America. However, the importance of smoke plume subsidence in relation to the interpretation of mountaintop chemistry observations is highlighted on the basis of deployment both a CL31 ceilometer and a single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) in a mountainous setting. The SPMS was used to identify the biomass plume based on levoglucosan and potassium markers. Data from the SPMS are also used to show that the biomass plume was correlated with nitrate, but not correlated with sulphate or sodium. This study not only provides baseline measurements of biomass burning plume physico-chemical characteristics in western Canada, but also highlights the importance of lidar remote sensing methods in the interpretation of mountaintop chemistry measurements.

scholarly journals Ground-based remote sensing of an elevated forest fire aerosol layer at Whistler, BC: implications for interpretation of mountaintop chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 11921-11930 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. McKendry ◽  
J. Gallagher ◽  
P. Campuzano Jost ◽  
A. Bertram ◽  
K. Strawbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Fire Plumes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract. On 30 August 2009, intense forest fires in interior British Columbia (BC) coupled with winds from the east and northeast resulted in transport of a broad forest fire plume across southwestern BC. The physico-chemical and optical characteristics of the plume as observed from Saturna Island (AERONET), CORALNet-UBC and the Whistler Mountain air chemistry facility were consistent with forest fire plumes that have been observed elsewhere in continental North America. However, the importance of three-dimensional transport in relation to the interpretation of mountaintop chemistry observations is highlighted on the basis of deployment of both a CL31 ceilometer and a single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) in a mountainous setting. The SPMS is used to identify the biomass plume based on levoglucosan and potassium markers. Data from the SPMS are also used to show that the biomass plume was correlated with nitrate, but not correlated with sulphate or sodium. This study not only provides baseline measurements of biomass burning plume physico-chemical characteristics in western Canada, but also highlights the importance of lidar remote sensing methods in the interpretation of mountaintop chemistry measurements.

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

1999 Pacific Northwest Labor History Association Conference

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Preferable Alternative ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Academic Conferences

I cannot provide a definitive answer to those of us pondering what the best alternative to capitalism is, but after attending the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association (PNLHA) Conference in Westminster, British Columbia, over the weekend of May 28–30, 1999, I can tell you that this is certainly a preferable alternative to standard academic conferences. As usual, the PNLHA was able to produce a cadre of historians (from the trades as well as academia), active unionists, and old-timers whose memories are as tapable as a keg of beer. Although the association designates labor history as its subject, newly elected President Ross Rieder likes to say, “History ends the moment before now.”

Notes on Parathion-Resistant Strains of Two Phytophagous Mites and a Predacious Mite in British Columbia

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
N. H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tetranychus Pacificus

The existence of strains of mites resistant to parathion has been well established (Garman, 1950; Lienk, Dean, & Chapman, 1952; Newcomer & Dean, 1952; Smith & Fulton, 1951). Resistant strains of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), first occurred in orchards of the Pacific northwest in 1950 (Newcomer, 1951; O'Neill & Hantsbarger, 1951), approximately three years after parathion was first used as an acaricide. Two other species of orchard mites, the Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McG., and T. mcdanieli McG., were subsequently reported to have developed parathion-resistant strains in the same area (Newcomer & Dean, 1953). Though parathion is lethal to most predacious mites and insects, Huffaker and Kennett (1953) found a difference in tolerance between species of Typhlodromus in the field and in the laboratory: T. reticulatus Oudms. was very susceptible to parathion whereas T. occidentalis Nesbitt was not appreciably affected by it.

Twelve-year responses of planted and naturally regenerating conifers to variable-retention harvest in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren S. Urgenson ◽  
Charles B. Halpern ◽  
Paul D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Dispersed Retention ◽  
Variable Retention Harvest ◽  
Scale Experiment

We studied patterns of conifer regeneration over 12 years as part of a regional-scale experiment in variable-retention harvest in the Pacific Northwest, the DEMO Study. We compared survival and height growth of planted conifers and density and seral composition of natural regeneration among treatments with differing retention levels (15% versus 40%) and patterns (dispersed versus aggregated) replicated across a range of latitudes and forest zones. We also assessed plot-scale relationships of natural regeneration with overstory density and basal area, competing vegetation, and slash accumulations. Early (1- to 2-year) survival of planted seedlings was greater in dispersed treatments (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don, Abies spp.) or unaffected by retention level or pattern (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Later (5- to 12-year) survival did not differ (all species), but growth was distinctly reduced in dispersed treatments and (or) at higher levels of retention. Density of natural regeneration was 1.5–2.5 times greater in dispersed treatments than in the cleared areas of aggregated treatments. Low-level dispersed retention promoted Pseudotsuga, the early-seral dominant, presumably by enhancing seed rain within a relatively high-light environment. Dispersed retention favored late-seral conifers. The ability to manipulate retention pattern and level to influence regeneration density and composition provides managers with flexibility in developing structurally complex and compositionally diverse forests.

The emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen H. Bartlett ◽  
Sarah E. Kidd ◽  
James W. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
The Pacific
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