scholarly journals Rates and regimes of photochemical ozone production over Central East China in June 2006: a box model analysis using comprehensive measurements of ozone precursors

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 12965-12997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kanaya ◽  
P. Pochanart ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
J. Li ◽  
H. Tanimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
East China ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Photochemical Ozone ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract. An observation-based box model approach was undertaken to estimate concentrations of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals and the net photochemical production rate of ozone at the top of Mount Tai, located in the middle of Central East China, in June 2006. The model calculation was constrained by the measurements of O3, H2O, CO, NO, NO2, hydrocarbon, HCHO, and CH3CHO concentrations, and temperature and J values. The net production rate of ozone was estimated to be 6.4 ppb h−1 as a 6-h average (09:00–15:00 CST), suggesting 58 ppb of ozone is produced in one day. Thus the daytime buildup of ozone recorded at the mountain top as 23 ppb on average is likely affected by in situ photochemistry as well as by the upward transport of polluted air mass in the daytime. On days with high ozone concentrations (hourly values exceeding 100 ppb at least once), in situ photochemistry was more active than it was on low ozone days, suggesting that in situ photochemistry is an important factor controlling ozone concentrations. Sensitivity model runs for which different NOx and hydrocarbon concentrations were assumed suggested that the ozone production occurred normally under NOx-limited conditions, with some exceptional periods (under volatile-organic-compound-limited conditions) in which there was fresh pollution. We also examined the possible influence of the heterogeneous loss of gaseous HO2 radicals in contact with aerosol particle surfaces on the rate and regimes of ozone production.

scholarly journals Rates and regimes of photochemical ozone production over Central East China in June 2006: a box model analysis using comprehensive measurements of ozone precursors

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 7711-7723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kanaya ◽  
P. Pochanart ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
J. Li ◽  
H. Tanimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
East China ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Photochemical Ozone ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract. An observation-based box model approach was undertaken to estimate concentrations of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals and the net photochemical production rate of ozone at the top of Mount Tai, located in the middle of Central East China, in June 2006. The model calculation was constrained by the measurements of O3, H2O, CO, NO, NO2, hydrocarbon, HCHO, and CH3CHO concentrations, and temperature and J values. The net production rate of ozone was estimated to be 6.4 ppb h−1 as a 6-h average (09:00–15:00 CST), suggesting 58±37 ppb of ozone is produced in one day. Thus the daytime buildup of ozone recorded at the mountain top as ~23 ppb on average is likely affected by in situ photochemistry as well as by the upward transport of polluted air mass in the daytime. On days with high ozone concentrations (hourly values exceeding 100 ppb at least once), in situ photochemistry was more active than it was on low ozone days, suggesting that in situ photochemistry is an important factor controlling ozone concentrations. Sensitivity model runs for which different NOx and hydrocarbon concentrations were assumed suggested that the ozone production occurred normally under NOx-limited conditions, with some exceptional periods (under volatile-organic-compound-limited conditions) in which there was fresh pollution. We also examined the possible influence of the heterogeneous loss of gaseous HO2 radicals in contact with aerosol particle surfaces on the rate and regimes of ozone production.

scholarly journals Inferring ozone production in an urban atmosphere using measurements of peroxynitric acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2791-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Spencer ◽  
D. C. McCabe ◽  
J. D. Crounse ◽  
J. R. Olson ◽  
J. H. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Peroxynitric Acid ◽  
Calculated Ratio ◽  
Made In

Abstract. Observations of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) obtained simultaneously with those of NO and NO2 provide a sensitive measure of the ozone photochemical production rate. We illustrate this technique for constraining the ozone production rate with observations obtained from the NCAR C-130 aircraft platform during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) intensive in Mexico during the spring of 2006. Sensitive and selective measurements of HO2NO2 were made in situ using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). Observations were compared to modeled HO2NO2 concentrations obtained from the NASA Langley highly-constrained photochemical time-dependent box model. The median observed-to-calculated ratio of HO2NO2 is 1.18. At NOx levels greater than 15 ppbv, the photochemical box model underpredicts observations with an observed-to-calculated ratio of HO2NO2 of 1.57. As a result, we find that at high NOx, the ozone production rate calculated using measured HO2NO2 is faster than predicted using accepted photochemistry. Inclusion of an additional HOx source from the reaction of excited state NO2 with H2O or reduction in the rate constant of the reaction of OH with NO2 improves the agreement.

scholarly journals Inferring ozone production in an urban atmosphere using measurements of peroxynitric acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3697-3707 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Spencer ◽  
D. C. McCabe ◽  
J. D. Crounse ◽  
J. R. Olson ◽  
J. H. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Peroxynitric Acid ◽  
Calculated Ratio ◽  
Made In

Abstract. Observations of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) obtained simultaneously with those of NO and NO2 provide a sensitive measure of the ozone photochemical production rate. We illustrate this technique for constraining the ozone production rate with observations obtained from the NCAR C-130 aircraft platform during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) intensive in Mexico during the spring of 2006. Sensitive and selective measurements of HO2NO2 were made in situ using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). Observations were compared to modeled HO2NO2 concentrations obtained from the NASA Langley highly-constrained photochemical time-dependent box model. The median observed-to-calculated ratio of HO2NO2 is 1.18. At NOx levels greater than 15 ppbv, the photochemical box model underpredicts observations with an observed-to-calculated ratio of HO2NO2 of 1.57. As a result, we find that at high NOx, the ozone production rate calculated using measured HO2NO2 is faster than predicted using accepted photochemistry. Inclusion of an additional HOx source from the reaction of excited state NO2 with H2O or reduction in the rate constant of the reaction of OH with NO2 improves the agreement.

Unexpected Fast Monoterpene Oxidation In Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Nitrate Radical ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Secondary Aerosols ◽  
Photochemical Ozone

<p>Monoterpene plays an important role in the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone in the troposphere. However, the field characterization of monoterpene chemistry in ozone pollution is still very sparse. Here we report fast daytime oxidation of monoterpene by hydroxyl radical, nitrate radical and ozone based on field measurements in Eastern China. We find fast monoterpene oxidation produces peroxy radicals efficiently and enhances the photochemical ozone production largely with an additional 8.6 ppb of ozone production per day on average (14%), whose effect was even more important than that of isoprene chemistry in the analyzed dataset. We propose that the reduction of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds should be much more stringent in the presence of high monoterpenes to alleviating ozone pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization of ozone production in San Antonio, Texas, using measurements of total peroxy radicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2845-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Anderson ◽  
Jessica Pavelec ◽  
Conner Daube ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Walter B. Knighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Antonio ◽  
Peroxy Radical ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. Observations of total peroxy radical concentrations ([XO2] ≡ [RO2] + [HO2]) made by the Ethane CHemical AMPlifier (ECHAMP) and concomitant observations of additional trace gases made on board the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory (AML) during May 2017 were used to characterize ozone production at three sites in the San Antonio, Texas, region. Median daytime [O3] was 48 ppbv at the site downwind of central San Antonio. Higher concentrations of NO and XO2 at the downwind site also led to median daytime ozone production rates (P(O3)) of 4.2 ppbv h−1, a factor of 2 higher than at the two upwind sites. The 95th percentile of P(O3) at the upwind site was 15.1 ppbv h−1, significantly lower than values observed in Houston. In situ observations, as well as satellite retrievals of HCHO and NO2, suggest that the region was predominantly NOx-limited. Only approximately 20 % of observations were in the VOC-limited regime, predominantly before 11:00 EST, when ozone production was low. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprised 55 % of total OH reactivity at the downwind site, with alkanes and non-biogenic alkenes responsible for less than 10 % of total OH reactivity in the afternoon, when ozone production was highest. To control ozone formation rates at the three study sites effectively, policy efforts should be directed at reducing NOx emissions. Observations in the urban center of San Antonio are needed to determine whether this policy is true for the entire region.

Upper-Level Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Ground-Level Ozone in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2185-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Diem ◽  
Melissa A. Hursey ◽  
Imani R. Morris ◽  
Amanda C. Murray ◽  
Ricardo A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Production ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Mixing Height ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Side

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify middle-troposphere circulation patterns associated with high ozone concentrations during June–August of 2000–07 in the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan statistical area (MSA), which is located in the southeastern United States. The methods involved classifying daily 500-hPa geopotential height fields into synoptic types, determining the mean atmospheric conditions (i.e., daytime temperature, daytime relative humidity, daytime cloud cover, morning mixing height, and afternoon mixing height) for the types, determining the mean daily maximum 8-h average ozone concentrations for the types, and performing back-trajectory analyses for high-ozone types. There were a total of 12 synoptic types, and significantly high ozone concentrations across the MSA coincided with the three following types: Atlanta under a continental anticyclone, Atlanta to the east of a continental anticyclone and west of a trough, and Atlanta under the western side of a trough. The continental-anticyclone type was much more prevalent than the other two types. When the MSA was under or just to the east of a continental anticyclone, atmospheric conditions were conducive to increased in situ ozone production and pollutant carryover from the previous day. Between 45% and 60% of the days with those circulation patterns had ozone concentrations exceeding the federal standard. When the Atlanta MSA was under the western side of a trough, not only did the potential for in situ ozone production and pollutant carryover contribute to high ozone concentrations, but there also was a high potential for pollutant transport from the Ohio River valley into the Atlanta MSA.

scholarly journals Observations of ozone production in a dissipating tropical convective cell during TC4

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 11189-11208 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Morris ◽  
A. M. Thompson ◽  
K. E. Pickering ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
E. J. Bucsela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Convective Cell ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Present Understanding

Abstract. From 13 July–9 August 2007, 25 ozonesondes were launched from Las Tablas, Panama as part of the Tropical Composition, Cloud, and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission. On 5 August, a strong convective cell formed in the Gulf of Panama. World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data indicated 563 flashes (09:00–17:00 UTC) in the Gulf. NO2 data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) show enhancements, suggesting lightning production of NOx. At 15:05 UTC, an ozonesonde ascended into the southern edge of the now dissipating convective cell as it moved west across the Azuero Peninsula. The balloon oscillated from 2.5–5.1 km five times (15:12–17:00 UTC), providing a unique examination of ozone (O3) photochemistry on the edge of a convective cell. Ozone increased at a rate of ~1.6–4.6 ppbv/hr between the first and last ascent, resulting cell wide in an increase of ~(2.1–2.5) × 106 moles of O3. This estimate agrees to within a factor of two of our estimates of photochemical lightning O3 production from the WWLLN flashes, from the radar-inferred lightning flash data, and from the OMI NO2 data (~1.2, ~1.0, and ~1.7 × 106 moles, respectively), though all estimates have large uncertainties. Examination of DC-8 in situ and lidar O3 data gathered around the Gulf that day suggests 70–97% of the O3 change occurred in 2.5–5.1 km layer. A photochemical box model initialized with nearby TC4 aircraft trace gas data suggests these O3 production rates are possible with our present understanding of photochemistry.

scholarly journals New System for Measuring the Photochemical Ozone Production Rate in the Atmosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2871-2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Sadanaga ◽  
Shio Kawasaki ◽  
Yuki Tanaka ◽  
Yoshizumi Kajii ◽  
Hiroshi Bandow
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Photochemical Ozone ◽  
New System

scholarly journals Characterization of Ozone Production in San Antonio, Texas Using Observations of Total Peroxy Radicals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Anderson ◽  
Jessica Pavelec ◽  
Conner Daube ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
W. Berk Knighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Antonio ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. Observations of total peroxy radicals (XO2 = RO2 + HO2) made by the Ethane CHemical AMPlifier (ECHAMP) and concomitant observations of additional trace gases made onboard the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory (AML) during May 2017 were used to characterize ozone production at three sites in the San Antonio, Texas region. Median daytime [O3] was 48 ppbv at the site downwind of central San Antonio. Higher concentrations of NO and XO2 at the downwind site also led to median daytime ozone production rates (P(O3)) of 4.2 ppbv hr−1, a factor of two higher than at the two upwind sites. The 95th percentile of P(O3) at the upwind site was 15.1 ppbv hr−1, significantly lower than values observed in Houston. In situ observations, as well as satellite retrievals of HCHO and NO3, suggest that the region is NOx limited for times after approximately 09:00 local time, before which ozone production is VOC-limited. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) comprised 55 % of total OH reactivity at the downwind site, with alkanes and non-biogenic alkenes responsible for less than 10 % of total OH reactivity in the afternoon, when ozone production was highest. To control ozone formation rates at the three study sites effectively, policy efforts should be directed at reducing NOx emissions. Observations in the urban center of San Antonio are needed to determine whether this policy is true for the entire region.

scholarly journals Understanding in situ ozone production in the summertime through radical observations and modelling studies during the Clean air for London project (ClearfLo)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa K. Whalley ◽  
Daniel Stone ◽  
Rachel Dunmore ◽  
Jacqueline Hamilton ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peroxy Radical ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Sink Term ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Clean Air

Abstract. Measurements of OH, HO2, RO2i (alkene and aromatic related RO2) and total RO2 radicals taken during the ClearfLo campaign in central London in the summer of 2012 are presented. A photostationary steady-state calculation of OH which considered measured OH reactivity as the OH sink term and the measured OH sources (of which HO2+NO reaction and HONO photolysis dominated) compared well with the observed levels of OH. Comparison with calculations from a detailed box model utilising the Master Chemical Mechanism v3.2, however, highlighted a substantial discrepancy between radical observations under lower NOx conditions ([NO]  3 ppbv) the box model increasingly under-predicted total [RO2]. The modelled and observed HO2 were in agreement, however, under elevated NO concentrations ranging from 7–15 ppbv. The model uncertainty under low NO conditions leads to more ozone production predicted using modelled peroxy radical concentrations (~ 3 ppbv hr−1) versus ozone production from peroxy radicals measured (~ 1 ppbv hr−1). Conversely, ozone production derived from the predicted peroxy radicals is up to an order of magnitude lower than from the observed peroxy radicals as [NO] increases beyond 7 ppbv due to the model under-prediction of RO2 under these conditions.

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