scholarly journals Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set – Part 2: Assessment of temperature observations from MLS/Aura and SABER/TIMED satellites

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6703-6717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Warm Bias ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. We have compared 2433 nights of Rayleigh lidar temperatures measured at L'Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) with co-located temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument (SABER). The comparisons were conducted using data from January 2002 to March 2018 in the geographic region around the observatory (43.93∘ N, 5.71∘ E). We have found systematic differences between the temperatures measured from the ground-based lidar and those measured from the satellites, which suggest non-linear distortions in the satellite altitude retrievals. We see a winter stratopause cold bias in the satellite measurements with respect to the lidar (−6 K for SABER and −17 K for MLS), a summer mesospheric warm bias (6 K near 60 km), and a vertically structured bias for MLS (−4 to 4 K). We have corrected the stratopause height of the satellite measurements using the lidar temperatures and have seen an improvement in the comparison. The winter relative cold bias between the lidar and SABER has been reduced to 1 K in both the stratosphere and mesosphere and the summer mesospheric warm bias is reduced to 2 K. Stratopause altitude corrections have reduced the relative cold bias between the lidar and MLS by 4 K in the early autumn and late spring but were unable to address the apparent vertical oscillations in the MLS temperature profiles.

scholarly journals Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set. Part B: Assessment of temperature observations from MLS/Aura and SABER/TIMED satellites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Warm Bias ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. We have compared 1338 nights of Rayleigh lidar temperatures measured at L'Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) with co-located temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry instru- ment (SABER). The comparisons were conducted using data from January 2002 to January 2011 in the geographic region around the observatory (43.93° N, 5.71° E). We have found systematic differences between the temperatures measured from the ground based lidar and those measured from the satellites which suggest non-linear distortions in the satellite altitude retrievals. We see a winter stratopause cold bias in the satellite measurements with respect to the lidar (−6 K for SABER and −15 K for MLS), a summer mesospheric warm bias (10 K near 60 km), and a vertically structured bias for MLS (0 to 4 K). We have corrected the stratopause height of the satellite measurements using the lidar temperatures and have seen an improvement in the comparison. The winter stratospheric relative cold bias between the lidar and SABER has been eliminated and the summer mesospheric warm bias is reduced by 6 K. Stratopause altitude corrections have reduced the relative cold bias between the lidar and MLS by 4 K in the early autumn and late spring.

scholarly journals Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set. Part A: Improved retrievals and a 20 year cross-validation of two co-located French lidars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. The objective of this paper and its companion (Wing et al., 2018b) is to show that ground based lidar temperatures are a stable, accurate and precise dataset for use in validating satellite temperatures at high vertical resolution. Long-term lidar observations of the middle atmosphere have been conducted at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), located in southern France (43.93° N, 5.71° E), since 1978. Making use of 20 years of high-quality co-located lidar measurements we have shown that lidar temperatures calculated using the Rayleigh technique at 532 nm are statistically identical to lidar temperatures calculated from the non-absorbing 355 nm channel of a Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system. This result is of interest to members of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) ozone lidar community seeking to produce validated temperature products. Additionally, we have addressed previously published concerns of lidar-satellite relative warm bias in comparisons of Upper Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric (UMLT) temperature profiles. We detail a data treatment algorithm which minimizes known errors due to data selection procedures, a priori choices, and initialization parameters inherent in the lidar retrieval. Our algorithm results in a median cooling of the lidar calculated absolute temperature profile by 20 K at 90 km altitude with respect to the standard OHP NDACC lidar temperature algorithm. The confidence engendered by the long-term cross-validation of two independent lidars and the improved lidar temperature dataset is exploited in (Wing et al., 2018b) for use in multi-year satellite validations.

Intercomparisons Between Lidar and Satellite Instruments in the Middle Atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Lidar Measurements

<p>The comparison of ground and ship-based lidar measurements of atmospheric temperature, ozone, and wind to similar measurements made from orbiting satellites is a unique challenge.   In this talk we will discuss general challenges associated with (i) determining coincidence by compensating for geographic and temporal offsets, (ii) satellite-lidar sampling errors, and (iii) comparing results made by different techniques. </p><p>We will show that comparisons of absolute temperature improve when the ground based measurements are compared to a composite satellite profile, created by a weighted average of multiple profiles from one overpass, instead of comparing to the single satellite profile from the closest approach. </p><p>We discuss the importance of including the variation between consecutive satellite profiles for a given overpass in addition to the given satellite instrument uncertainty when calculating the error budget of the comparisons, even when comparing to single satellite profiles. </p><p>We demonstrate how comparing lidar and satellite measurements of events such as small-scale fast moving gravity waves over a particular geographic region can be affected by instrument averaging kernels.</p><p>Illustrative examples we will be showing include lidar measurements made during recent instrument validation campaigns at L’Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP, 43.93 N, 5.71 E), La Réunion (21.17 S, 55.37 E), Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory (47.80 N, 11.00 E), and onboard the French Navy Research Ship Monge as well as satellite measurements from  the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument (SABER), Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), and Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Aeolus (Aeolus).</p>

scholarly journals Polar middle atmosphere temperature climatology from Rayleigh lidar measurements at ALOMAR (69° N)

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1681-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schöch ◽  
G. Baumgarten ◽  
J. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Falling Sphere ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. Rayleigh lidar temperature profiles have been derived in the polar middle atmosphere from 834 measurements with the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar (69.3° N, 16.0° E) in the years 1997–2005. Since our instrument is able to operate under full daylight conditions, the unique data set presented here extends over the entire year and covers the altitude region 30 km–85 km in winter and 30 km–65 km in summer. Comparisons of our lidar data set to reference atmospheres and ECMWF analyses show agreement within a few Kelvin in summer but in winter higher temperatures below 55 km and lower temperatures above by as much as 25 K, due likely to superior resolution of stratospheric warming and associated mesospheric cooling events. We also present a temperature climatology for the entire lower and middle atmosphere at 69° N obtained from a combination of lidar measurements, falling sphere measurements and ECMWF analyses. Day to day temperature variability in the lidar data is found to be largest in winter and smallest in summer.

scholarly journals Rayleigh LIDAR and satellite (HALOE, SABER, CHAMP and COSMIC) measurements of stratosphere-mesosphere temperature over a southern sub-tropical site, Reunion (20.8° S; 55.5° E): climatology and comparison study

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
P. Vishnu Prasanth ◽  
P. Kishore ◽  
H. Bencherif ◽  
P. Keckhut
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar ◽  
First Time

Abstract. For the first time, climatology of the middle atmosphere thermal structure is presented, based on 14 years of LIDAR and satellite (HALOE, SABER, CHAMP and COSMIC) temperature measurements. The data is collected over a southern sub-tropical site, Reunion Island (20.8° S; 55.5° E), for the height range between 30 and 60 km. The overall monthly mean temperature shows a maximum of 265–270 K at the stratopause height region from ~44–52 km and peaks during the months of March and November. Furthermore, the temperature profiles are compared with different satellite datasets (HALOE, CHAMP, COSMIC and SABER) and the results are found to be in reasonable agreement with each other, although a relative difference in temperature of ± 5 to 6 K is noticed. In comparison, LIDAR shows higher/lower temperatures for the lower mesosphere/upper stratosphere height region. The differences in temperature measured by the LIDAR and satellite measurements are analogous with previous results available elsewhere. Long-term temperature measurements are used to further study seasonal oscillations, especially annual, semi-annual and quasi-biennial oscillations. In comparison with SAO, the measured spectral amplitudes of AO shows dominant amplitudes in both the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere height regions. Using LIDAR and the other satellite measurements, the quasi-biennial oscillation was found to be approximately 26 months. The spectral amplitudes are comparable to the results reported earlier by other researchers.

scholarly journals Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set – Part 1: Improved retrievals and a 20-year cross-validation of two co-located French lidars

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5531-5547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. The objective of this paper and its companion (Wing et al., 2018) is to show that ground-based lidar temperatures are a stable, accurate, and precise data set for use in validating satellite temperatures at high vertical resolution. Long-term lidar observations of the middle atmosphere have been conducted at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), located in southern France (43.93∘ N, 5.71∘ E), since 1978. Making use of 20 years of high-quality co-located lidar measurements, we have shown that lidar temperatures calculated using the Rayleigh technique at 532 nm are statistically identical to lidar temperatures calculated from the non-absorbing 355 nm channel of a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system. This result is of interest to members of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) ozone lidar community seeking to produce validated temperature products. Additionally, we have addressed previously published concerns of lidar–satellite relative warm bias in comparisons of upper-mesospheric and lower-thermospheric (UMLT) temperature profiles. We detail a data treatment algorithm which minimizes known errors due to data selection procedures, a priori choices, and initialization parameters inherent in the lidar retrieval. Our algorithm results in a median cooling of the lidar-calculated absolute temperature profile by 20 K at 90 km altitude with respect to the standard OHP NDACC lidar temperature algorithm. The confidence engendered by the long-term cross-validation of two independent lidars and the improved lidar temperature data set is exploited in Wing et al. (2018) for use in multi-year satellite validations.

scholarly journals Comparison of NLC particle sizes derived from SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations with ground-based LIDAR measurements at ALOMAR (69° N)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161-1184
Author(s):  
C. von Savigny ◽  
C. E. Robert ◽  
G. Baumgarten ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Particle Size Data ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. SCIAMACHY, the Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY provides measurements of limb-scattered solar radiation in the 220 nm to 2380 nm wavelength range since summer 2002. Measurements in the UV spectral range are well suited for the retrieval of particle sizes of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and have been used to compile the largest existing satellite data base of NLC particle sizes. This paper presents a comparison of SCIAMACHY NLC size retrievals with the extensive NLC particle size data set based on ground-based LIDAR measurements at the Arctic LIDAR Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR, 69° N, 16° E) for the Northern Hemisphere NLC seasons 2003 to 2007. Most of the presented SCIAMACHY NLC particle size retrievals are based on cylindrical particles and a Gaussian particle size distribution with a fixed width. If the differences in spatial as well as vertical resolution between SCIAMACHY and the ALOMAR LIDAR are taken into account, very good agreement is found. The mean particle size derived from SCIAMACHY limb observations for the ALOMAR overpasses in 2003 to 2007 is 56.2 nm with a standard deviation of 12.5 nm, and the LIDAR observations yield a value of 54.2 nm with a standard deviation of 17.4 nm.

scholarly journals Comparison of NLC particle sizes derived from SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations with ground-based LIDAR measurements at ALOMAR (69° N)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. von Savigny ◽  
C. E. Robert ◽  
G. Baumgarten ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
J. P. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Particle Size Data ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Scanning Imaging

Abstract. SCIAMACHY, the Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY has provided measurements of limb-scattered solar radiation in the 220 nm to 2380 nm wavelength range since summer of 2002. Measurements in the UV spectral range are well suited for the retrieval of particle sizes of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and have been used to compile the largest existing satellite data base of NLC particle sizes. This paper presents a comparison of SCIAMACHY NLC size retrievals with the extensive NLC particle size data set based on ground-based LIDAR measurements at the Arctic LIDAR Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR, 69° N, 16° E) for the Northern Hemisphere NLC seasons 2003 to 2007. Most of the presented SCIAMACHY NLC particle size retrievals are based on cylindrical particles and a Gaussian particle size distribution with a fixed width of 24 nm. If the differences in spatial as well as vertical resolution between SCIAMACHY and the ALOMAR LIDAR are taken into account, very good agreement is found. The mean particle size derived from SCIAMACHY limb observations for the ALOMAR overpasses in 2003 to 2007 is 56.2 nm with a standard deviation of 12.5 nm, and the LIDAR observations yield a value of 54.2 nm with a standard deviation of 17.4 nm.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Observed by SABER

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4384-4399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando R. Garcia ◽  
Ruth Lieberman ◽  
James M. Russell ◽  
Martin G. Mlynczak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Zonal Winds ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Summer Hemisphere ◽  
Mean Structure ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Observations made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board NASA’s Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite have been processed using Salby’s fast Fourier synoptic mapping (FFSM) algorithm. The mapped data provide a first synoptic look at the mean structure and traveling waves of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) since the launch of the TIMED satellite in December 2001. The results show the presence of various wave modes in the MLT, which reach largest amplitude above the mesopause and include Kelvin and Rossby–gravity waves, eastward-propagating diurnal oscillations (“non-sun-synchronous tides”), and a set of quasi-normal modes associated with the so-called 2-day wave. The latter exhibits marked seasonal variability, attaining large amplitudes during the solstices and all but disappearing at the equinoxes. SABER data also show a strong quasi-stationary Rossby wave signal throughout the middle atmosphere of the winter hemisphere; the signal extends into the Tropics and even into the summer hemisphere in the MLT, suggesting ducting by westerly background zonal winds. At certain times of the year, the 5-day Rossby normal mode and the 4-day wave associated with instability of the polar night jet are also prominent in SABER data.

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