scholarly journals Polar middle atmosphere temperature climatology from Rayleigh lidar measurements at ALOMAR (69° N)

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1681-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schöch ◽  
G. Baumgarten ◽  
J. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Falling Sphere ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. Rayleigh lidar temperature profiles have been derived in the polar middle atmosphere from 834 measurements with the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar (69.3° N, 16.0° E) in the years 1997–2005. Since our instrument is able to operate under full daylight conditions, the unique data set presented here extends over the entire year and covers the altitude region 30 km–85 km in winter and 30 km–65 km in summer. Comparisons of our lidar data set to reference atmospheres and ECMWF analyses show agreement within a few Kelvin in summer but in winter higher temperatures below 55 km and lower temperatures above by as much as 25 K, due likely to superior resolution of stratospheric warming and associated mesospheric cooling events. We also present a temperature climatology for the entire lower and middle atmosphere at 69° N obtained from a combination of lidar measurements, falling sphere measurements and ECMWF analyses. Day to day temperature variability in the lidar data is found to be largest in winter and smallest in summer.

scholarly journals Aerosol optical and microphysical retrievals from a hybrid multiwavelength lidar data set – DISCOVER-AQ 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3095-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sawamura ◽  
D. Müller ◽  
R. M. Hoff ◽  
C. A. Hostetler ◽  
R. A. Ferrare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Multiwavelength Lidar

Abstract. Retrievals of aerosol microphysical properties (effective radius, volume and surface-area concentrations) and aerosol optical properties (complex index of refraction and single-scattering albedo) were obtained from a hybrid multiwavelength lidar data set for the first time. In July 2011, in the Baltimore–Washington DC region, synergistic profiling of optical and microphysical properties of aerosols with both airborne (in situ and remote sensing) and ground-based remote sensing systems was performed during the first deployment of DISCOVER-AQ. The hybrid multiwavelength lidar data set combines ground-based elastic backscatter lidar measurements at 355 nm with airborne High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements at 532 nm and elastic backscatter lidar measurements at 1064 nm that were obtained less than 5 km apart from each other. This was the first study in which optical and microphysical retrievals from lidar were obtained during the day and directly compared to AERONET and in situ measurements for 11 cases. Good agreement was observed between lidar and AERONET retrievals. Larger discrepancies were observed between lidar retrievals and in situ measurements obtained by the aircraft and aerosol hygroscopic effects are believed to be the main factor in such discrepancies.

scholarly journals Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set. Part A: Improved retrievals and a 20 year cross-validation of two co-located French lidars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Abstract. The objective of this paper and its companion (Wing et al., 2018b) is to show that ground based lidar temperatures are a stable, accurate and precise dataset for use in validating satellite temperatures at high vertical resolution. Long-term lidar observations of the middle atmosphere have been conducted at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), located in southern France (43.93° N, 5.71° E), since 1978. Making use of 20 years of high-quality co-located lidar measurements we have shown that lidar temperatures calculated using the Rayleigh technique at 532 nm are statistically identical to lidar temperatures calculated from the non-absorbing 355 nm channel of a Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system. This result is of interest to members of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) ozone lidar community seeking to produce validated temperature products. Additionally, we have addressed previously published concerns of lidar-satellite relative warm bias in comparisons of Upper Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric (UMLT) temperature profiles. We detail a data treatment algorithm which minimizes known errors due to data selection procedures, a priori choices, and initialization parameters inherent in the lidar retrieval. Our algorithm results in a median cooling of the lidar calculated absolute temperature profile by 20 K at 90 km altitude with respect to the standard OHP NDACC lidar temperature algorithm. The confidence engendered by the long-term cross-validation of two independent lidars and the improved lidar temperature dataset is exploited in (Wing et al., 2018b) for use in multi-year satellite validations.

scholarly journals A Raman lidar at La Reunion (20.8° S, 55.5° E) for monitoring water vapor and cirrus distributions in the subtropical upper troposphere: preliminary analyses and description of a future system

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 6449-6496
Author(s):  
C. Hoareau ◽  
P. Keckhut ◽  
J.-L. Baray ◽  
L. Robert ◽  
Y. Courcoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Cirrus Cloud ◽  
La Réunion ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Future System ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract. A ground based Rayleigh lidar has provided continuous observations of tropospheric water vapor profiles and cirrus cloud using a preliminary Raman channels setup on an existing Rayleigh lidar above La Reunion over the period 2002–2005. With this instrument, we performed a first measurement campaign of 350 independent water vapor profiles. A statistical study of the distribution of water vapor profiles is presented and some investigations concerning the calibration are discussed. The data set having several long acquisition measurements during nighttime, an analysis of the diurnal cycle of water vapor has also been investigated. Analysis regarding the cirrus clouds is presented and a classification has been performed showing 3 distinct classes. Based on these results, the characteristics and the design of a future lidar system to be implemented at the new Reunion Island altitude observatory (2200 m) for long-term monitoring is presented and numerical simulations of system performance have been realized to compare both instruments.

scholarly journals Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set – Part 2: Assessment of temperature observations from MLS/Aura and SABER/TIMED satellites

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6703-6717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wing ◽  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sophie Godin-Beekmann ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Warm Bias ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. We have compared 2433 nights of Rayleigh lidar temperatures measured at L'Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) with co-located temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument (SABER). The comparisons were conducted using data from January 2002 to March 2018 in the geographic region around the observatory (43.93∘ N, 5.71∘ E). We have found systematic differences between the temperatures measured from the ground-based lidar and those measured from the satellites, which suggest non-linear distortions in the satellite altitude retrievals. We see a winter stratopause cold bias in the satellite measurements with respect to the lidar (−6 K for SABER and −17 K for MLS), a summer mesospheric warm bias (6 K near 60 km), and a vertically structured bias for MLS (−4 to 4 K). We have corrected the stratopause height of the satellite measurements using the lidar temperatures and have seen an improvement in the comparison. The winter relative cold bias between the lidar and SABER has been reduced to 1 K in both the stratosphere and mesosphere and the summer mesospheric warm bias is reduced to 2 K. Stratopause altitude corrections have reduced the relative cold bias between the lidar and MLS by 4 K in the early autumn and late spring but were unable to address the apparent vertical oscillations in the MLS temperature profiles.

First year of Rayleigh lidar measurements of middle atmosphere temperatures above davis, Antarctica

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Klekociuk ◽  
M.M. Lambert ◽  
R.A. Vincent ◽  
A.J. Dowdy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

scholarly journals A new MesosphEO data set of temperature profiles from 35 to 85 km using Rayleigh scattering at limb from GOMOS/ENVISAT daytime observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Hauchecorne ◽  
Laurent Blanot ◽  
Robin Wing ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Range ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
External Model ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. Given that the scattering of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere above 30–35 km is primarily due to molecular Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of scattered photons can be assumed to be directly proportional to the atmospheric density. From the measured relative density profile it is possible to retrieve an absolute temperature profile by assuming local hydrostatic equilibrium, the perfect gas law, and an a priori temperature from a climatological model at the top of the atmosphere. This technique has been applied to Rayleigh lidar observations for over 35 years. The GOMOS star occultation spectrometer includes spectral channels used to observe daytime limb scattered sunlight along the line of sight to a reference star. GOMOS Rayleigh scattering profiles in the spectral range of 420–480 nm have been used to retrieve temperature profiles between 35 and 85 km with a 2 km vertical resolution. Using this technique, a database of more than 309 000 temperature profiles has been created from GOMOS measurements. A global climatology was constructed using the new GOMOS database and is compared to an external model. In the upper stratosphere, the external model is based on the ECMWF reanalysis and the agreement with GOMOS is better than 2 K. In the mesosphere the external model follows the MSIS climatology and 5 to 10 K differences are observed with respect to the GOMOS temperature profiles. Comparisons to night-time collocated Rayleigh lidar profiles above the south of France show some vertical structured temperature differences, which may be partially explained by the contributions of the thermal diurnal tide. The equatorial temperature series shows clear examples of mesospheric inversion layers in the temperature profiles. The inversion layers have global longitudinal extension and temporal evolution, descending from 80 to 70 km over the course of a month. The climatology shows a semi-annual temperature variation in the upper stratosphere, a stratopause altitude varying between 47 and 54 km, and an annual variation in the temperatures of the mesosphere. The technique that derive temperature profiles from Rayleigh limb scattering can be applied to any other limb-scatter sounder, providing that the observations are in the spectral range 350–500 nm. Due to the simplicity of the principles involved, this technique is also a good candidate for a future missions where constellations of small satellites are deployed.

scholarly journals Measurements of the stratospheric Density and Temperature Profiles in Hanoi by a Rayleigh Lidar

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Tuan ◽  
Dinh Van Trung ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Binh ◽  
Bui Van Hai
Keyword(s):  
Density Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Molecular Density ◽  
Ideal Gas Law ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Atmospheric Molecule ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

The molecular density and temperature profiles of the stratosphere in Hanoi are measured by a Rayleigh lidar. The profiles have the spatial resolution of 120 m and the temporal resolution of 1h. Their bottom height and top height are 20 km and 57 km, respectively. The atmospheric molecule density profile is directly derived from the correction-range lidar signal. The temperature profile is deduced from the molecular density profile based on the assumptions of the hydrostatic equilibrium and the ideal-gas law. Lidar measurements show good agreement with the molecular density and the temperature profiles from the MSISE-90 atmospheric model. Maximum errors of the density and temperature are found to be \(\pm 0.9\)\% and \(\pm 3.4\)~K, respectively.The position and the temperature  of the stratopause in Hanoi are determined to be about 49 km and 270 K. Database of lidar in a long time might reveal the characteristic and the structure of the stratosphere in Hanoi, Vietnam.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Upper Tropospheric Density and Temperature Profiles in Hanoi Using a Raman Lidar

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3S2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Tuan ◽  
Dinh Van Trung ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Binh ◽  
Bui Van Hai
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Nitrogen Molecule ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Molecular Density ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Ideal Gas Law ◽  
Lidar Measurements

The nitrogen molecular density and temperature profiles of the upper troposphere are measured by a Raman lidar system in Hanoi over the range from 3 km to 19 km. The spatial and temporal resolutions of profiles are 60 m and 1h, respectively. The nitrogen molecular density profiles are directly calculated from the range-corrected lidar signal. The temperature profiles are derived from the molecular density profile based on the assumptions of the hydrostatic equilibrium, the ideal-gas law and a fixed nitrogen molecule ratio in the atmosphere. The results of our lidar measurements show good agreement with the MSISE-90 atmospheric model. The maximum errors of density and temperature measurements are 6% and 7%, respectively. We estimated the height of tropopause in Hanoi about 16 km from the derived temperature profile. The measured density and temperature profiles from this Raman lidar can be used for studying the trends and characteristics of the upper troposphere in Hanoi.

scholarly journals A comparison of Rayleigh and sodium lidar temperature climatologies

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Argall ◽  
R. J. Sica
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Climatological Model ◽  
Significant Disagreement ◽  
Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar

Abstract. Temperature measurements from the PCL Rayleigh lidar located near London, Canada, taken during the 11 year period from 1994 to 2004 are used to form a temperature climatology of the middle atmosphere. A unique feature of the PCL temperature climatology is that it extends from 35 to 95 km allowing comparison with other Rayleigh lidar climatologies (which typically extend up to about 85 km), as well as with climatologies derived from sodium lidar measurements which extend from 83 to 108 km. The derived temperature climatology is compared to the CIRA-86 climatological model and to other lidar climatologies, both Rayleigh and sodium. The PCL climatology agrees well with the climatologies of other Rayleigh lidars from similar latitudes, and like these other climatologies shows significant differences from the CIRA-86 temperatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Significant disagreement is also found between the PCL climatology and sodium lidar climatologies measured in the central and western United States at similar latitudes, with the PCL climatology consistently 10 to 15 K cooler in the 85 to 90 km region.

scholarly journals A Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) for the middle atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1715-1732
Author(s):  
Bernd Kaifler ◽  
Natalie Kaifler
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Wave ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
System Data ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Sky Conditions

Abstract. The Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) is the first fully autonomous middle atmosphere lidar system to provide density and temperature profiles from 15 to approximately 90 km altitude. From October 2019 to October 2020, CORAL acquired temperature profiles on 243 out of the 365 nights (66 %) above Río Grande, southern Argentina, a cadence which is 3–8 times larger as compared to conventional human-operated lidars. The result is an unprecedented data set with measurements on 2 out of 3 nights on average and high temporal (20 min) and vertical (900 m) resolution. The first studies using CORAL data have shown, for example, the evolution of a strong atmospheric gravity wave event and its impact on the stratospheric circulation. We describe the instrument and its novel software which enables automatic and unattended observations over periods of more than a year. A frequency-doubled diode-pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used as the light source, and backscattered photons are detected using three elastic channels (532 nm wavelength) and one Raman channel (608 nm wavelength). Automatic tracking of the laser beam is realized by the implementation of the conical scan (conscan) method. The CORAL software detects blue sky conditions and makes the decision to start the instrument based on local meteorological measurements, detection of stars in all-sky images, and analysis of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System data. After the instrument is up and running, the strength of the lidar return signal is used as additional information to assess sky conditions. Safety features in the software allow for the operation of the lidar even in marginal weather, which is a prerequisite to achieving the very high observation cadence.

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