scholarly journals In situ detection of atomic and molecular iodine using resonance and off-resonance fluorescence by lamp excitation: ROFLEX

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 3803-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gómez Martín ◽  
J. Blahins ◽  
U. Gross ◽  
T. Ingham ◽  
A. Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Atoms And Molecules ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
In Situ Detection

Abstract. We demonstrate a new instrument for in situ detection of atmospheric iodine atoms and molecules based on atomic and molecular resonance and off-resonance ultraviolet fluorescence excited by lamp emission. The instrument combines the robustness, light weight, low power consumption and efficient excitation of radio-frequency discharge light sources with the high sensitivity of the photon counting technique. Calibration of I2 fluorescence is achieved via quantitative detection of the molecule by incoherent broad band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Atomic iodine fluorescence signal is calibrated by controlled broad band photolysis of known I2 concentrations in the visible spectral range at atmospheric pressure. The instrument has been optimised in laboratory experiments to reach detection limits of 1.2 pptv for I atoms and 20 pptv for I2, for S/N=1 and 10 min of integration time. The ROFLEX system has been deployed in a field campaign in Northern Spain, representing the first concurrent observation of ambient mixing ratios of iodine atoms and molecules in the 1–350 pptv range.

scholarly journals In situ detection of atomic and molecular iodine using Resonance and Off-Resonance Fluorescence by Lamp Excitation: ROFLEX

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gómez Martín ◽  
J. Blahins ◽  
U. Gross ◽  
T. Ingham ◽  
A. Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Atoms And Molecules ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
In Situ Detection

Abstract. We demonstrate a new instrument for in situ detection of atmospheric iodine atoms and molecules based on atomic and molecular resonance and off-resonance ultraviolet fluorescence excited by lamp emission. The instrument combines the robustness, light weight, low power consumption and efficient excitation of radio-frequency discharge light sources with the high sensitivity of the photon counting technique. Calibration of I2 fluorescence is achieved via quantitative detection of the molecule by Incoherent Broad Band Cavity-enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy. Atomic iodine fluorescence signal is calibrated by controlled broad band photolysis of known I2 concentrations in the visible spectral range at atmospheric pressure. The instrument has been optimised in laboratory experiments to reach detection limits of 1.2 pptv for I atoms and 13 pptv for I2, for S/N = 1 and 10 min of integration time. The ROFLEX system has been deployed in a field campaign in northern Spain, representing the first concurrent observation of ambient mixing ratios of iodine atoms and molecules in the 1–350 pptv range.

scholarly journals Localization of Spiropyran Activation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Grady ◽  
Cassandra Birrenkott ◽  
Preston A. May ◽  
ScottR. White ◽  
Jeffrey S. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Polymer Interfaces ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
Curved Glass ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Functionalization of planar and curved glass surfaces with spiropyran (SP) molecules and localized UV-induced activation of the mechanophore are demonstrated. Fluorescence spectra of UV-irradiated SP-functionalized surfaces reveal that increases in surface roughness or curvature produces more efficient conversion of the mechanophore to the open merocyanine (MC) form. Further, force-induced activation of the mechanophore is achieved at curved glass-polymer interfaces and not planar interfaces. Minimal fluorescence signal from UV-irradiated SP-functionalized planar glass surfaces precluded mechanical activation testing. Curved glass-polymer interfaces are prepared by SP functionalization of E-glass fibers, which are subsequently embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. Mechanical activation is induced through shear loading by a single fiber microbond testing protocol. In situ detection of SP activation at the interface is monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy.<br>

scholarly journals Implementation of an incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy technique in an atmospheric simulation chamber for in situ NO<sub>3</sub> monitoring: characterization and validation for kinetic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6311-6323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Fouqueau ◽  
Manuela Cirtog ◽  
Mathieu Cazaunau ◽  
Edouard Pangui ◽  
Pascal Zapf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Simulation Chamber

Abstract. An incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) technique has been developed for the in situ monitoring of NO3 radicals at the parts per trillion level in the CSA simulation chamber (at LISA). The technique couples an incoherent broadband light source centered at 662 nm with a high-finesse optical cavity made of two highly reflecting mirrors. The optical cavity which has an effective length of 82 cm allows for up to 3 km of effective absorption and a high sensitivity for NO3 detection (up to 6 ppt for an integration time of 10 s). This technique also allows for NO2 monitoring (up to 9 ppb for an integration time of 10 s). Here, we present the experimental setup as well as tests for its characterization and validation. The validation tests include an intercomparison with another independent technique (Fourier-transform infrared, FTIR) and the absolute rate determination for the reaction trans-2-butene + NO3, which is already well documented in the literature. The value of (4.13 ± 0.45) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 has been found, which is in good agreement with previous determinations. From these experiments, optimal operation conditions are proposed. The technique is now fully operational and can be used to determine rate constants for fast reactions involving complex volatile organic compounds (VOCs; with rate constants up to 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1).

scholarly journals Implementation of an IBBCEAS technique in an atmospheric simulation chamber for <i>in situ</i> NO<sub>3</sub> monitoring: characterization and validation for kinetic studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Fouqueau ◽  
Manuela Cirtog ◽  
Mathieu Cazaunau ◽  
Edouard Pangui ◽  
Pascal Zapf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Simulation Chamber

Abstract. An incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) technique has been developed for in situ monitoring of NO3 radicals at the ppt level in the CSA simulation chamber (at LISA). The technique couples an incoherent broadband light source centered at 662 nm with a high finesse optical cavity made of two highly reflecting mirrors. The optical cavity which has an effective length of 82 cm allows for up to 3 km of effective absorption and a high sensitivity for NO3 detection (up to 6 ppt for an integration time of 10 seconds). This technique also allows NO2 monitoring (up to 9 ppb for an integration time of 10 seconds). Here, we present the experimental setup as well as tests for its characterization and validation. The validation tests include an intercomparison with another independent technique (FTIR) and the absolute rate determination for the reaction trans-2-butene + NO3 which is already well documented in the literature. The value of (4.13 ± 0.45) x 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 has been found, which is in good agreement with previous determinations. From these experiments, optimal operation conditions are proposed. The technique is now fully operational and can be used to determine rate constants for fast reactions involving complex volatile organic compounds (with rate constants up to 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1).

Localization of Spiropyran Activation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Grady ◽  
Cassandra Birrenkott ◽  
Preston A. May ◽  
ScottR. White ◽  
Jeffrey S. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Polymer Interfaces ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
Curved Glass ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Functionalization of planar and curved glass surfaces with spiropyran (SP) molecules and localized UV-induced activation of the mechanophore are demonstrated. Fluorescence spectra of UV-irradiated SP-functionalized surfaces reveal that increases in surface roughness or curvature produces more efficient conversion of the mechanophore to the open merocyanine (MC) form. Further, force-induced activation of the mechanophore is achieved at curved glass-polymer interfaces and not planar interfaces. Minimal fluorescence signal from UV-irradiated SP-functionalized planar glass surfaces precluded mechanical activation testing. Curved glass-polymer interfaces are prepared by SP functionalization of E-glass fibers, which are subsequently embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. Mechanical activation is induced through shear loading by a single fiber microbond testing protocol. In situ detection of SP activation at the interface is monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy.<br>

Localization of Spiropyran Activation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Grady ◽  
Cassandra Birrenkot ◽  
Preston A. May ◽  
ScottR. White ◽  
Jeffrey S. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Polymer Interfaces ◽  
Functionalized Surfaces ◽  
Curved Glass ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Functionalization of planar and curved glass surfaces with spiropyran (SP) molecules and localized UV-induced activation of the mechanophore are demonstrated. Fluorescence spectra of UV-irradiated SP-functionalized surfaces reveal that increases in surface roughness or curvature produces more efficient conversion of the mechanophore to the open merocyanine (MC) form. Further, force-induced activation of the mechanophore is achieved at curved glass-polymer interfaces and not planar interfaces. Minimal fluorescence signal from UV-irradiated SP-functionalized planar glass surfaces precluded mechanical activation testing. Curved glass-polymer interfaces are prepared by SP functionalization of E-glass fibers, which are subsequently embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. Mechanical activation is induced through shear loading by a single fiber microbond testing protocol. In situ detection of SP activation at the interface is monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy.<br>

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

scholarly journals Single Step In Situ Detection of Surface Protein and MicroRNA in Clustered Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Hee Cheol Yang ◽  
Won Jong Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Molecular Beacon ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
In Situ Detection

Because cancers are heterogeneous, it is evident that multiplexed detection is required to achieve disease diagnosis with high accuracy and specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been a subject of great interest as sources of novel biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. However, EVs are nano-sized particles that are difficult to handle; thus, it is necessary to develop a method that enables efficient and straightforward EV biomarker detection. In the present study, we developed a method for single step in situ detection of EV surface proteins and inner miRNAs simultaneously using a flow cytometer. CD63 antibody and molecular beacon-21 were investigated for multiplexed biomarker detection in normal and cancer EVs. A phospholipid-polymer-phospholipid conjugate was introduced to induce clustering of the EVs analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis, which enhanced the detection signals. As a result, the method could detect and distinguish cancer cell-derived EVs using a flow cytometer. Thus, single step in situ detection of multiple EV biomarkers using a flow cytometer can be applied as a simple, labor- and time-saving, non-invasive liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer.

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