Way to Cure Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Theranostics and Nanoparticular Approaches

One of the most prevalent forms of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Following a definite oral cancer diagnosis, OSCC is typically treated with a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. In contrast, conventional chemotherapy medicines may be ineffective and have a range of side effects. Many techniques have been proved and authorized for treatment and diagnostics of different types of oral cancer, while others are currently being investigated in clinical trials. This book chapter is aimed to explain the current preclinical status of nano-based techniques to successfully diagnose and treat OSCC. This book chapter would also emphasize recent theranostics approaches utilized to cure OSCC. Nanotechnology also improved cancer biomarker detection, making them faster and more sensitive. To overcome these constraints and improve in situ drug delivery, various nanoparticles have been employed as innovation drivers.

Aptamers: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents for Blood Diseases

Aptamers are RNA/DNA oligonucleotide molecules that specifically bind to a targeted complementary molecule. As potential recognition elements with promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications, aptamers, such as monoclonal antibodies, could provide many treatment and diagnostic options for blood diseases. Aptamers present several superior features over antibodies, including a simple in vitro selection and production, ease of modification and conjugation, high stability, and low immunogenicity. Emerging as promising alternatives to antibodies, aptamers could overcome the present limitations of monoclonal antibody therapy to provide novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive treatments for blood diseases. Researchers in several biomedical areas, such as biomarker detection, diagnosis, imaging, and targeted therapy, have widely investigated aptamers, and several aptamers have been developed over the past two decades. One of these is the pegaptanib sodium injection, an aptamer-based therapeutic that functions as an anti-angiogenic medicine, and it is the first aptamer approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for therapeutic use. Several other aptamers are now in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current state of aptamers in the clinical trial program and introduce some promising aptamers currently in pre-clinical development for blood diseases.

A sample-to-answer electrochemical biosensor system for biomarker detection

We interfaced with a painless blood collection device and integrated on-chip blood-to-plasma separation with an electronic bead-based biomarker detection assay to enable true sample-to-answer detection of biomarkers.

CuCoFe Layered Double Hydroxides as Laccase Mimicking Nanozymes for Colorimetric Detection of Pheochromocytoma Biomarkers

Laccase catalyzed colorimetric biosensing approach is promising for pheochromocytoma biomarker detection yet suffer from enzyme poor stability and high cost for production. here we report for the first time an...